Chapter 9 (part 2)

Corporate Faithfulness and
Sanctification


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Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. (Leviticus 25:10a)
The inscription on the Liberty Bell.

Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on him, If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed;
And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.
-- The Lord Jesus Christ (John 8:31,32)

If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (John 8:36)

For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. (1 Corinthians 3:11)

And the multitudes that went before, and that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna to the son of David: Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest. (Matthew 21:9)
This was the Lord's public claiming of authority over Israel. He was the son of David, and so He was by natural right the King of the Jews. If He had taken possession of His own, He would have been sitting on the throne of the chosen dynasty of David by right of birth. Also as the Messiah, the Christ, He was the King of His people Israel. Concerning Him it had been said by the prophet, Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold! thy King cometh unto thee: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass (Zechariah 9:9). Our Lord Jesus literally came to Zion in this way. As King He rode to His capital and entered His palace. In His priestly royalty the Son of God went to His Father's house, to the temple of sacrifice and sovereignty. Among the tribes of Israel He is seen to be One chosen out of the people, whom the Lord had given to be a leader and commander for the people. They might afterwards choose Barabbas and cry that they had no king but Caesar, yet Jesus was their King, as Pilate reminded them when he said, Shall I crucify your king? And also His cross declared, it, bearing the legal inscription, This is Jesus the King of the Jews. Before His trial and condemnation He had put in a public claim to the rights and prerogatives of Zion's king, whom God has set on His holy hill. Would to God all fully recognized our Lord's kingdom, yielding to His sway! Oh, that you would bow before Him, and put your trust in Him! Part of His intent in riding through Jerusalem was that we also who dwell in the isles of the sea might know Him and reverence Him as King of kings and Lord of lords. -- C.H. Spurgeon commenting on Matthew 21:9 in Devotional Classics of C.H. Spurgeon, p. 86

Whereas, we all came into these parts of America with one and the same end and aim, to advance the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to enjoy the liberties of the Gospel in purity and peace. -- The New England Confederation, May 19, 1643

The roots of liberty and limited government are in the Protestant Reformation. We believe the key to the maintenance of liberty and limited government is to be found in the Scottish covenanting struggle. -- James A. Dodson

The question of Paul, Is Christ divided? is one to which professing Christians have not given sufficient heed, and the evil consequences are abundantly apparent.
It was deemed essential to the salvation of men that their Redeemer should possess the powers at once of a prophet, a priest, and a king. These offices, while essentially distinct, are necessarily and inseparably connected with one another. Such a union has been by some utterly denied; and its denial has laid foundation for some capital errors, which have exerted a pernicious influence on the Christian church. By others it has been criminally overlooked; and the neglect with which it has been treated has occasioned vague and conflicting conceptions regarding the great work of man's deliverance from sin and wrath by the mediation of the Son of God.
If, as we presume will be readily admitted, the whole of Christ's offices are necessary to the salvation of fallen man, it follows that they are all essential to the character of the Saviour, and that, of course, we can not suppose him to have existed for a moment without any one of them, as this would suppose him to have been, for the time at least, no Saviour. -- William Symington (1795-1862)

Briefly stated, where Christ is demoted or limited, His Kingdom and crown rights are limited and demoted. There is then a shift of sovereignty from God to man, which means the triumph of the state. The state as the new sovereign becomes god walking on earth, and the result is the rapid death of all freedom. -- R.J. Rushdoony (1916-2001)

In the final analysis, all modern ills, spiritual and temporal, are traceable to our continuing departure from the principles of the Second Reformation. . . . In particular, I am convinced that the Lord will not bless a church at peace with his enemies. Our departure from truth has led to our undernourished condition as a church; truth, as Thornwell argued, is the only food that the soul can digest.
It does no good to blame society or the church for our deficiencies before the Lord because Christ holds men, not churches and states, accountable. In the words of Hugh Miller, "Churches, however false and detestable, are never to be summoned to the bar of judgment. . . . To Christ, as his head and king, must every man render an account."
The great heresy of our times is that all men are children of God. Those within the church have lost their identity as a people of God, united in spirit and purpose. We have adopted the half-truths of our fathers for which Judah faced punishment: Because they have despised the law of the Lord, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after which their fathers have walked. (Amos 2:4b). Nevertheless, Christ loves his church, and he will see to it that his bride is prepared (Ephesians 5:27), for the great banquet. Base on the history of God's people, the needed corrections will result from either prayer or persecution, leading the people to renew their covenant promises. Let us pray that God's kingdom come, and let us covenant to fulfill our obligations to be his people. When persecution comes, let us pray that we would stand as firm as did the Scottish Covenanters. When covenanting comes, let us praise the Lord, for only in him will we stand firm. Let us ever strive to make it possible for our children to utter one of James Nisbet's praises, "O my soul! Bless and praise the Lord that I was born in a land where the glad tidings of the everlasting gospel are published and pressed with so much purity and plainness." This should be our prayer, Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved." (Psalm 80:3) -- Edwin Nisbet Moore from the conclusion to Our Covenant Heritage: The Covenanters' Struggle for Unity in Truth

A doctrine once held to be important by early Presbyterians and most Puritans that, today, is largely forgotten and even held in disrepute is social or national covenanting. The Presbyterians of the first and second Reformation periods of Scotland were so dedicated to socio-religious covenanting as a biblical tool for reformation and solidifying national religious attainments that they came to be called Covenanters. They took seriously Jesus' command to disciple whole nations (cf. Matthew 28:18-20). They believed that this Commission is not fulfilled until every nation bows the knee to Christ and covenants with Him. The Puritans understood that the Bible presents Israel, including its covenant and covenant law code (excluding any laws that have been abrogated or set out of gear by the death of Christ), as a model for all nations (cf. Deuteronomy 4:5-8). The gospel of Jesus Christ is to transform individuals and even whole cultures and nations. It should result in progressive sanctification in society as people learn all that Christ has commanded. When the majority of people are committed to the Lord, they will formally recognize the Redeemer in their constitutions; will establish the true Christian religion on a national and local level; and will seek to base all their laws on the law of God revealed in Scripture.
In the book Rev. Schwertley not only sets forth the biblical case for social or national covenanting in a simple, organized and comprehensive manner, but also critiques the modern Presbyterian alternative to the original Presbyterian teaching on this and related topics. -- Publisher, National Covenanting and Christ's Victory Over the Nations

Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto myself. Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto me above all people: for all the earth is mine: And ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests, and an holy nation. (Exodus 19:4-6a)
What a loving preface to the law! If anything could have engaged rebellious man to obedience, this would have done it, but, alas, the Lord has nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against him. -- C.H. Spurgeon commenting on Exodus 19:4-6a in Spurgeon's Devotional Bible, p. 92


How does a nation protect itself against terrorists who commit suicide to murder innocent citizens?

It is the presence of The Holy Spirit in society, The Third Person of the Holy Trinity -- it is His presence alone, that restrains evil in society. It is His presence alone that stops men from murdering their neighbors and from completely destroying society. See: John Owen, GOD'S PRESENCE WITH A PEOPLE THE SPRING OF THEIR PROSPERITY; WITH THEIR SPECIAL INTEREST IN ABIDING IN HIM.
In the absence of The Holy Spirit there is no restraint of evil.
Therefore, a nation that struggles to remove The Holy Trinity, The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit, from all public life, that nation will lose all restrain of evil, and will succumb to self-destruction from within. It will also succumb to destruction from enemies without. It is the presence in a nation of The Holy One of Israel, The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the presence of The Triune God, that restrains evil, and that gives society order and life.
Honored citizens of The United States of America, your willful rebellion against Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ has brought the judgment of God upon this nation. God punishes a people by putting godless leaders in command. All restraint of evil has disappeared from our nation, and our leaders are helpless to stop the spread of terrorism. Repent honored citizens of this beloved nation, partake of Christ, for you are the terrorists.
And now may the Grace, the Mercy, and the Peace, of God The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit, rest and abide with you now and forevermore. Amen.


Therefore was the wrath of the LORD kindled against his people, in so much that he abhorred his own inheritance.
And he gave them into the hands of the heathen; and they that hated them ruled over them.
Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand.
(Psalm 106:40-42)

The Treasury of David, Psalm 106, commentary by C.H. Spurgeon
Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt. (v. 7)
Nevertheless he saved them for his name's sake, that he might make his mighty power to be known. (v. 8)
And he saved them from the hand of them that hated them. (v. 10)
They soon forgat his works. (v. 13)
And he gave them their request; but sent leanness into their soul. (v. 15)
They made a calf in Horeb, and worshipped the molten image. (v. 19)
Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass. (v. 20)
They forgat God their saviour. (v. 21)
Thus they provoked him to anger with their inventions: and the plague brake in upon them. (v. 29)
Then stood up Phinehas, and executed judgment: and so the plague was stayed. (v. 30)
And that was counted unto him for righteousness unto all generations for evermore. (v. 31)
They did not destroy the nations, concerning whom the LORD commanded them. (v. 34)
But were mingled among the heathen, and learned their works. (v. 35)
Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto devils. (v. 37)
Thus were they defiled with their own works, and went a whoring with their own inventions. (v. 39)
Therefore was the wrath of the LORD kindled against his people, in so much that he abhorred his own inheritance. (v. 40)
And he gave them into the hands of the heathen; and they that hated them ruled over them. (v. 41)
Their enemies also oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand. (v. 42)
Many times did he deliver them; but they provoked him with their counsel, and were brought low for their iniquity. (v. 43)
Nevertheless he regarded their affliction, when he heard their cry. (v. 44)
And he remembered for them his covenant. (v. 45)
Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from among the heathen, to give thanks unto thy holy name, and to triumph in thy praise. (v. 47)
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting: and let all the people say, Amen. Praise ye the Lord. (v. 48)
http://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps106.php

Q. What kind of submission may be rendered to immoral and tyrannical governments, the ordinance of Satan, such as now exist?
A. Christians, in the exercise of their Christian liberty, and in the performance of the duty of proving all things, and holding fast what is good, can submit to such governments for wrath's sake, ONLY, which kind of submission has no respect to the power as legitimate authority, but simply, from dread of the cruelty of the tyrant, who pours forth his fury upon all who oppose his misrule. To God's moral ordinance as described, is allegiance due for conscience sake. Submission to this, is submission to God.
Q. When Christians reside under an immoral government, is not conformity to the general order of society a duty, provided this can be done without violating the divine law?
A. If the constituted authorities of a nation are not in voluntary subserviency to the Mediator, but opposed to his authority, law, and religion, for the sake of peace and order, and for the sake of contributing as much as possible to the ease and happiness of society, and from a spirit of resignation to the Divine providence, and in order to make legitimate provision for themselves and relatives, so much conformity to the prevailing system as is consistent with their oath of allegiance to Messiah, is a duty conscientiously to be practiced, although very distinct from that obedience for conscience sake which they would render to the government of their choice, to the authority which has the sanction of the Divine approbation. Jer. xxix. 4-7 [Jeremiah 29:4-7], Seek the peace of the city whither I have caused you to be carried away captives, and pray unto the Lord for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace.
Q. Whilst it is the duty of Christians thus to live a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty, in conformity to the laws of Christ, which are everywhere, and at all times, obligatory upon them -- is it not their duty publicly to declare their dissent from an immoral constitution of civil government, within the reach of whose power they may reside?
A. This is, indeed, their duty. Because, 1. They are bound to defend God's moral ordinance of civil government, in the purity of which, God's own honor as the Governor of the nations, is deeply involved. Rev. ii. 25,26 [Revelation 2:25,26], That which you have already hold fast till I come; and he that overcometh -- and keepeth my works unto the end -- to him will I give power in the nations, &c. Isa. viii. 16 [Isaiah 8:16], Bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. 2. The purity of this holy ordinance cannot be preserved, if it is confounded with the existing immoral systems, and by an indiscriminate exercise of allegiance. 3. Christians are witnesses for God among men; and having in their possession the testimony of God, in the Holy Scriptures, respecting the true character of civil government, and the duty of national subjection to Christ and his law, and respect for his holy religion, it is their duty to apply the doctrines of inspiration upon this subject, in stating and defending the truth, and condemning the existing immoral systems, and in bearing public testimony against all who uphold them. Isa. xliii. 10 [Isaiah 43:10], Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord. Rev. xi. 3 [Revelation 11:3], I will give power to my two witnesses, and they shall prophesy a thousand two hundred and three score days, clothed in sackcloth; xii. 17 [Revelation 12:17], And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ. See also: Rev. xvii. 14 [Revelation 17:14], Acts v. 32 [Acts 5:32], xxvi. 16 [Acts 26:16], Micah iv. 8-18 [Micah 4:8-18], Mark vi. 11 [Mark 6:11]. 4. The witnesses in Revelation are raised up not only to testify against the ecclesiastical apostasy, The scarlet woman, or Roman church -- and the image of the beast, -- the Papacy -- but also against the seven-headed and ten-horned beast -- or the civil powers -- upon which the woman rides. The nations which sustain Antichrist, and are equally, with the man of sin, Anti-christian, and are at war with the Lamb. See: passages last quoted, together with Rev. xiii. 1, 2 [Revelation 13:1,2], xvii. 3-14 [Revelation 17:3-14], and xii. 11 [Revelation 12:11], And they overcame him (the devil embodied in the Roman church papacy, and civil powers), by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; xvii. 14 [Revelation 17:14], These, (the civil powers), shall make war with the Lamb-and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.
Q. Are not virtuous persons, who, in their private capacity, are endeavoring to further the true end of civil government -- the maintenance of peace and quietness in all godliness and honesty, although they dissent from the constitution of civil government of the nation in which they reside, entitled to protection?
A. They certainly are entitled to protection in their lives, liberties, and property; "but they are not to act inconsistently with their declared dissent, and it would be tyranny to constrain them to such measures." Exod. xxii. 21 [Exodus 22:21], Thou shalt neither vex a stranger nor oppress him. See also: Rom. xiii. 3 [Romans 13:3], 1 Tim. ii. 2 [1 Timothy 2:2], Jer. xxi. 12 [Jeremiah 21:12], Esther iii. 8, 9 [Esther 3:8,9].
Q. Should not "Christians, testifying against national evils, and striving, in the use of moral means, to effect a reformation, relinquish temporal privileges, rather than do any thing which may appear to contradict their testimony, or lay a stumbling-block before their weaker brethren?"
A. This is unquestionably their duty. Because they cannot convince men of their own sincerity, and of the immorality of a principle or practice, whilst they themselves are found actually maintaining the immoral principle or practice (by oath of allegiance, voting, and holding offices, &c.), and enjoying the emoluments of iniquity decreed by law. Heb. xi. 24, 26, 36 [Hebrews 11:24,26,36], By faith, Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter. Esteeming the reproach of Christ to be greater riches than the treasures in Egypt. And others had trials of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover, of bonds and imprisonments. Numb. xxiii. 9 [Numbers 23:9], Lo, the people shall dwell alone, and shall not be reckoned among the nations. Rom. xiv. 21 [Romans 14:21], It is good neither to eat flesh, nor drink wine, nor anything whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended.
Q. Will not such a public dissent from immoral governments, and faithful testimony against them, ultimately prevail to their overthrow?
A. Yes. By these means the witnesses will prevail, however much they may suffer in the meantime, and will be the honored instruments of establishing the millennial kingdom of the Lamb. Rev. xii. 11 [Revelation 12:11], And they overcame him, by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. Dan. vii. 22 [Daniel 7:22], The Ancient of days came, and judgment was given to the saints of the Most High; and the time came that the saints possessed the kingdom. Rev. xx. 4 [Revelation 20:4], And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them; and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast (the civil powers), neither his image (the Papacy), neither had received his mark (yielded allegiance), upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years." -- William L. Roberts, The Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, pp. 130-133

Traditionally, law was never construed as legalist. It was always construed as a result of covenant. If we can define the word covenant as bond, that lovely four letter word, b-o-n-d, then it's a relationship, it's a solidarity with God or with another person. And from that relationship flows duty. So we can think of convent as that marvelous combination of promise and duty. And so I really see law as a response to a relationship. -- Joseph Kickasola

True, the state as the policeman can be corrupt; in fact, if the society as a whole is corrupt, the state will also be corrupt. In a healthy and godly society, the state will function successfully to restrain the minority of evildoers. The key to the situation is not the state but the religious health of the society. -- R.J. Rushdoony (1916-2001), Institutes of Biblical Law, p. 470

If I profess with the loudest voice and clearest exposition every portion of the Word of God except precisely that little point which the world and the devil are at that moment attacking, I am not confessing Christ, however boldly I may be professing Him. Where the battle rages, there the loyalty of the soldier is proven; and to be steady on all the battlefront besides is mere flight and disgrace if he flinches at that point. -- Martin Luther (1483-1546)

It is a poor and pitiful kind of knowledge, to know many loose parcels, and broken members of truth, without knowing the whole, or the place and the relations which they have to the rest. To know letters and not syllables, or syllables and not words, or words and not sentences, or sentences and not the scope of the discourse, are all but an unprofitable knowledge. -- Richard Baxter (1615-1691), A Christian Directory, p. 269 (Soli Deo Gloria Publications reprint)


Contents

The Mediatorial Reign of Christ and the Crown Rights of Christ, the Headship of Christ
Covenant Theology and the Ordinance of Covenanting
The Puritan Revolution (1628-1660)
Unity and Uniformity in the Visible Church: Unity in the Truth
The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646, approved 1647) Westminster Standards and Related Works The Question of the One and the Many
Church and State
Toleration, Liberty of Conscience, Pluralism, "Religious Freedom," and Neutrality
National Establishment of Religion: Establishmentarianism
An Introduction to the Covenanted Reformation
The Covenanted Reformation of Scotland Background and History
The Church of Scotland, General Assembly
Sermons Preached Before Governing Bodies
Confession of National Sin and Covenant Renewal
Selection of Covenant Heads for Positions of Leadership
Servant Leadership
The Government Role of Punishing Wrongdoers
Bible Magistracy Turns Back the Wrath of God
The Doctrine of the Lesser Magistrates
The Reformed Presbytery of Scotland, The Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite," and Other Smaller Reformed Associations
A Theological Interpretation of American History
Male Role and Responsibility, Gender Equality, Suffrage, Reproductive Rights, and the Decline of American Society
A Partial Timeline of U.S. History Showing how Liberalization in the Church and Liberalization in the State, has Been Paralleled by Advances in the Feminist Movement, and the Overall Decline of American Society
Public Covenanting, Social Covenanting
Chapter 9 (part 2) Related Weblinks

Contents: Chapter 9, "Corporate Faithfulness and Sanctification" (parts 1, 2, 3, and 4), interactive
http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9cha.html#index9

Combined Interactive Contents for The Web Edition of Biblical Counsel: Resources for Renewal
http://www.lettermen2.com/combtoc.html



Chapter 9 (part 2)

Corporate Faithfulness and Sanctification




The Mediatorial Reign of Christ and the Crown Rights of Christ, the Headship of Christ

See the Theological Notes: "Christ the Mediator," at 1 Timothy 2:5 in The Reformation Study Bible. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; who gave himself a ransom for all. (1 Timothy 2:5,6a)

See the Theological Notes: "Jesus' Heavenly Reign," at Acts 7:55 in The Reformation Study Bible.

Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast our profession.
For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.
Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need.
(Hebrews 4:14-16)

See the Theological Notes: "The Kingdom of God," at Luke 17:20 in The Reformation Study Bible.

No hand becomes the sceptre of Zion better, than that which saved her sons from going down to the pit. The redemption of the immortal spirit was precious. None among the fallen sons of men could pay the ransom. In vain is the anxious eye directed to the most virtuous of our race, or to the most potent in the ranks of creation. The children of Adam, without exception, were involved under the sentence of condemnation. [Romans 5:12]. Vainly, then, would the benevolent heart, urge the feeble hand to attempt, the removal of the more than mountainous load of guilt. None of them can, by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him. [Psalm 49:7]. The same disappointment would answer the imploring voice, should it be directed to those intelligences, who excel in glory, and against whom, the charge of criminality has never been preferred. They stand high, indeed, among the works of God; but bounds are set to their power. They would sink under the pressure of those penal ills, impending over the head of the guilty man. Here we see the necessity of divine interposition. The Mediator has effected, what the prowess of creation could not accomplish. He hath set us free from the law of sin and death. [Romans 8:2,3]. He is characterized, therefore, as the Captain of Salvation, [Song of Solomon 3:11]. and the Church sets the crown thereof upon his head. -- Gilbert McMaster (1778-1854), The Duty of Nations

See the Theological Notes: "The Final Judgment," at Matthew 25:41 in The Reformation Study Bible.

See the Theological Notes: "Christians and Civil Government," at Romans 13:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high. (Hebrews 1:3)

See Isaiah 40:1 -- Isaiah 55:13 and annotations in The Reformation Study Bible.

The question of Paul, Is Christ divided? is one to which professing Christians have not given sufficient heed, and the evil consequences are abundantly apparent.
It was deemed essential to the salvation of men that their Redeemer should possess the powers at once of a prophet, a priest, and a king. These offices, while essentially distinct, are necessarily and inseparably connected with one another. Such a union has been by some utterly denied; and its denial has laid foundation for some capital errors, which have exerted a pernicious influence on the Christian church. By others it has been criminally overlooked; and the neglect with which it has been treated has occasioned vague and conflicting conceptions regarding the great work of man's deliverance from sin and wrath by the mediation of the Son of God.
If, as we presume will be readily admitted, the whole of Christ's offices are necessary to the salvation of fallen man, it follows that they are all essential to the character of the Saviour, and that, of course, we can not suppose him to have existed for a moment without any one of them, as this would suppose him to have been, for the time at least, no Saviour. -- William Symington (1795-1862)

The Treasury of David, Psalm 118, C.H. Spurgeon
It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in man.
It is better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in princes.
(Psalm 118:8,9)
http://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps118.php

Briefly stated, where Christ is demoted or limited, His Kingdom and crown rights are limited and demoted. There is then a shift of sovereignty from God to man, which means the triumph of the state. The state as the new sovereign becomes god walking on earth, and the result is the rapid death of all freedom. -- R.J. Rushdoony (1916-2001)

The Bishop of Rome claims to be the head of the Church. He alone who is in communion with him is a member of the Church, and consequently a member of Christ. Now he must either be a real and true head, or a symbolical and typical head. If the former, then, as a body cannot have two real heads without being a monster, the headship of Christ is displaced. If the latter, then, as the body must partake of the nature of its head, the Church is a symbolical and typical body, and the reality of the Church is destroyed. -- J.H. Thornwell (1812-1862)

And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Revelation 2:26)

Calvin's commentary on 1 Corinthians 15:20-28 resolves the sophist's confusion over verse 28 [1 Corinthians 15:28], And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.
http://www.biblestudyguide.org/comment/calvin/comm_vol40/htm/i.iii.htm

Anonymous, Ministers of Perth and Fife, A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ to the Doctrine, Worship, Discipline and Government of the Kirk of Scotland and to the National Covenant of Scotland and to the Solemn League and Covenant of the Three Nations, England, Scotland and Ireland and to the Work of Uniformity in Religion and against the errors, heresies, blasphemies and diverse practices of the times, especially against the vast toleration now on foot in these nations / by sundry ministers of the Gospel in the provinces of Perth and Fife, Ephes. 6:14,15; 2 Tim. 1:7,8 [Ephesians 6:14,15; 2 Timothy 1:7,8], 1648. Alternate title: A TESTIMONY TO THE TRUETH OF JESUS CHRIST, AND TO OUR SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, 1660. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/anti_toleration/testimony_against_cromwells_toleration.html A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ and to our Solemn League and Covenant
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/a-testimony-to-the-truth-of-jesus-christ

*Augustine, Saint (Aurelius Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, 354-430 AD), Philip Schaff (editor), and Marcus Dods (translator), St. Augustine's City of God and Christian Doctrine (A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church -- Volume 2), new edition, 624 pages, English, ISBN: 0802880991. Available (2 volumes, 1872 edition), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
Augustine is said to be the greatest Christian thinker next to the Apostle Paul. Luther set the BIBLE and the CONFESSIONS OF SAINT AUGUSTINE above all other books.
"One of the classic texts of Western civilization [it explains the fall of Rome in terms of Scripture -- compiler]. . . . DE CIVITATE DEI is an important contribution of interest to students of theology, philosophy, ecclesiastical history, the history of political thought, and late antiquity." -- Publisher (from the Cambridge University Press edition)
"Calvin paraphrased Augustine about 400 times in THE INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.
"St. Augustine's final sentence of THE CITY OF GOD is 'All things must be referred to the Glory of God.'
"When you see that, then you will see the key to the story, and you will see the key to history. . . .
"The classic exposition of history in terms of Scripture." -- C. Gregg Singer
"Augustine began writing THE CITY OF GOD at age 59 [shortly after the city of Rome had been sacked by the Goths in 410 A.D., much to the surprise, it is said, of both the Romans and the Goths. -- compiler], and worked on it, off and on, for much of the next 14 years. The impetus for the beginning of this vast work (and its recurring focus), was the charge of Pagans (polytheists) that Christianity was responsible for the decay and demise of the Roman Empire. The charge put forward the claim that the prosperity and social stability of the state was dependent upon polytheistic worship. In response, Augustine arrays several lines of argument, rebutting the assumed 'goodness' of the Pagan state, as such, and detailing the ethical/moral and logical failings of Paganism. Augustine displays tremendous scholarship, employing the writings of Paganism's greatest historians and philosophers in his case against their religious claims. The result is a giant literary, philosophical, historical, theological and exegetical work. . . .
"Against the 'city', i.e., society, of many gods, there is but one alternate society, this Augustine calls The City of God, adopting the expression found in several of King David's psalms. Not only is the society of many gods the society of polytheists, it is also the 'city' of pantheists, atheistic materialists and philosophical Cynics. In the case of the Cynics and atheists, these false gods are the myriad gods of self, indeed, at least as many gods (selves) as there are believers in them. Thus there are two 'cities,' two loves, two ways to understand the big questions of existence, two destinations. Says Augustine:

"The one City began with the love of God; the other had its beginnings in the love of self." XIV:13.
"The city of man seeks the praise of men, whereas the height of glory for the other is to hear God in the witness of conscience. The one lifts up its head in its own boasting; the other says to God: Thou art my glory, thou liftest up my head. (Psalm 3:4). In the city of the world both the rulers themselves and the people they dominate are dominated by the lust for domination; whereas in the City of God all citizens serve one another in charity . . ." (XIV:28) -- Reader's Comment
"Augustine reflects deeply here on human nature and the meaning of eternal life and eternal punishment, within an explication of the 'meaning' of history. He writes of all human history as a single narrative. This also a work of Biblical exegesis, as Augustine treats Scripture as a historical document. For Augustine, creation is good, creation exists in time and has a history. Indeed, since God enters into history to show man His love, history itself is sanctified, through the City of God.
"The book contains the parallel histories of what Augustine terms the City of God and the City of Man, both descended from Adam. The City of Man is founded on murder (specifically fratricide, the murder of a brother, viz. Cain and Abel, Romulus and Remus). The City of Man has been deceived and debased, fallen under the sway of pagan gods, which appear to be either demons or, at best indifferent or benign spirits that are mistakenly worshipped. The City of God, on the other hand, is a pilgrim on this earth, toiling here in the joyous expectation of final salvation in God's Kingdom." -- Reader's Comment
"His 'grand unifying theory' of Western civilization, uniting the organization of Rome with the thought of Greece and the revelation of the Bible, has been accepted as the de facto definition of what it means to be Western until only the very last few decades of our time. . . .
"This seamless blend of literary prowess from Rome's greatest scholar and highest ranking professor generates for the reader a powerful education in philosophy, history and theology, tied together with awesome rhetoric, that is uniquely powerful, erudite, insightful and useful all at once.
"As it is written for the leaders of society and not for the average citizen, be ready to be intrigued, challenged to thought, and impressed with every line.
"By no means must the reader have any kind of religious belief to benefit from this book, nor must the reader agree with all that Augustine postulates, nor can the reader, due to the great distance of time separating him from us and improvements in scientific knowledge since his time. The importance, greatness and power of the writing itself commend it to us." -- Reader's Comment
"One who has been introduced to Augustine through his auto-biographical CONFESSIONS may find it easier to follow his logic as he discusses the numerous topics of THE CITY OF GOD." -- Reader's Comment
"It would do the modern Church well to read this book since Augustine places THE CITY OF GOD (i.e., Christ and His Church), within the context of the pagan world in which we live, and its message is as applicable today as it was 1,500 years ago when he first wrote it." -- Reader's Comment
"History and theology in one rich volume." -- Reader's Comment
City of God, Saint Augustine, Philip Schaff (editor), Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D. (translator)
http://www.ccel.org/fathers/NPNF1-02/
The Confessions of Saint Augustine
"The story of his sinful pursuits before conversion, and of his conversion, then of his confession to God, and his discoveries of the greatness of God after his conversion." -- Publisher
http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/confessions/confessions.html
The Works of Saint Augustine
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Augustine%2C%20Saint%2C%20Bishop%20of%20Hippo
Calvin's Commentaries (online)
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom
The Classical View of History (Augustine)
Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "The Christian View of History," lecture series.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=7150273140
The Augustinian Approach to History
Dr. C. Gregg Singer, 47 min.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=9150393751
Church History #09: Augustine #1
Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504163949
Church History #10: Augustine #2
Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504164048
Church History #11: Augustine #3
Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504164152

Black, John (1768-1849), The Everlasting Kingdom: A Discourse on the Mediatorial Dominion of Jesus Christ, 1848. Available in Reformed Presbyterian Church Pamphlet Collection.

Brown, C.J., Christ's Kingship Over the Nations Maintained and Defended in the Establishment Principle; or, The Principle of the National Recognition of Religion. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.

*Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
"A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

Caryl, Joseph (1602-1673), and Ferdinando Fairfax (1584-1648), The Saint's Thankfull Acclamation at Christ's Resumption of his Great Power and the Initials of his Kingdome. Delivered in a Sermon . . . before the . . . House of Commons, upon the day of . . . thanksgiving . . . for the . . . victory given our armie, under the command of . . . Lord Fairfax, at Selby . . . and the other . . . forces in Pembrockshire, April 23d, 1644 . . . Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

*Church of Scotland, General Assembly, 1638-1649, The Acts of the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland, From the Year 1638 to the Year 1649 Inclusive, 1682. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #11.
"Exceedingly rare, these are the acts from what many consider the greatest general assembly gatherings since the days of the apostles. The work accomplished and ratified at these meetings has been called 'the most perfect model' of Presbyterial Church Government 'as yet attained.' Sitting during the momentous days of the Covenants (National and Solemn League), and the Westminster Assembly, this general assembly included the likes of Samuel Rutherford and George Gillespie. Judicially binding on covenanted Presbyterians (WCF 31:3), these Acts demonstrate how these godly leaders officially dealt with individual, family, ecclesiastical and civil Reformation (including national and international matters). Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that these rulings had major national and international ramifications in their day and that they still guide faithful Presbyterians at the close of the twentieth century (as terms of ministerial and Christian communion in the Reformed Presbyterian church). Moreover, they contain 'noble examples to be followed in testifying against all corruptions embodied in the constitutions of either churches or states.' (Reformed Presbytery, Act, Declaration and Testimony for the Whole of our Covenanted Reformation, p. 216). Christ's Kingship has never since been so boldly and clearly proclaimed to the nations by a duly constituted general assembly -- neither has His rule and reign been upheld and actually embodied into the laws of a nation (civil and ecclesiastical), as it was during these days in Scotland. Much of this can be attributed to the work (humanly speaking), done by the ministers present while these Acts were debated and passed. Regarding doctrine, worship, government and discipline there are few books that will be as helpful -- especially to elders and those advanced in the faith. Additionally, if you want a glimpse at the heart of the Second Reformation this is one of the best places to look. It may also be considered 'the eye of the Puritan storm,' seeing that the Scottish Covenanters exerted such a godly influence among their English Presbyterian brothers (and the Westminster Assembly), during these days -- the two nations having covenanted with God (in the Solemn League and Covenant), for the international 'reformation and defense of religion . . . the peace and safety of the three kingdoms . . . the glory of God, and the advancement of the kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, etc.' Over 500 pages and indexed for easy reference to all major topics." -- Publisher

*Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Church and State, the Biblical View: A Compilation of Articles From Some of the Best Christian Minds in History. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
"A compilation of articles from some of the best Christian minds in history, including Cunningham, Smeaton, M'Crie, Symington, Gillespie, the Westminster Divines, Bannerman, Owen and Shaw. This book shows that, generally speaking, the leaders of the Reformed faith have all come to substantial agreement regarding what the Scriptures teach about Christ's Kingship over the nations and the Church. Establishmentarianism is clearly seen to be the historically Reformed consensus, and this has a huge impact on the way one views both the Church and the state, in relation to Scripture." -- Publisher

*Cunningham, William (1805-1861), The Westminster Confession on the Relationship Between Church and State. Alternate title: REMARKS ON THE TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTER OF THE CONFESSION OF FAITH, AS BEARING ON EXISTING CONTROVERSIES. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
"Chapter eight excerpted from DISCUSSIONS ON CHURCH PRINCIPLES. Answers the false claims that the Westminster Divines contradicted themselves on this issue and/or that they were Erastians. Proves that changes made to the original Westminster Confession, concerning church and state issues, were in error -- clearly demonstrating why this is so." -- Publisher
The Westminster Confession on the Relation Between Church and State, William Cunningham
http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-westminster-confession-on-the-relation-between-church-and-state.php

*Davies, Samuel (1723-1761), The Divine Government the Joy of the World. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"Expands upon the reign and rule of King Jesus and the great blessings that this entails." -- Publisher
The Divine Government the Joy of the World, Samuel Davies
http://books.google.com/books?id=q2msGwAACAAJ&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html

Davies, Samuel (1723-1761), The Mediatorial Kingdom and Glories of Jesus Christ. A Sermon, on John xviii. 37 [John 18:37], Bristol, 1783.

Dick, James, The Authority of Christ Over the Individual, the Church, and the Nation.

Dick, James, The Headship of Christ: A Discourse on Rev. XIX. 12: "On His Head Were Many Crowns." [Revelation 19:12]

Ferguson (Fergusson), James (1621-1667), The Headship of Christ Over His Church and her Independent Jurisdiction, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.

*Flavel, John (1628-1691), The Fountain of Life Opened up, or, A Display of Christ in his Essential and Mediatorial Glory. Available (JOHN FLAVEL'S WORKS), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"If my pen were both able, and at leisure, to get glory in paper, it would be but a paper glory when I had gotten it; but if by displaying (which is the design of these papers), the transcendent excellency of Jesus Christ, I may win glory to him from you, to whom I humbly offer them, or from any other into whose hands providence shall cast them, that will be glory indeed, and an occasion of glorifying God to all eternity. It is not the design of this epistle to compliment, but to benefit you; not to emblazon your excellencies, but Christ's; not to acquaint the world how much you have endeared me to yourselves, but to increase and strengthen the endearments between Christ and you, upon your part."
The Fountain of Life
http://archive.org/details/TheFountainOfLife
The Fountain of Life
http://www.ccel.org/flavel/fountain/flavfoun.txt

Fleming, Robert (1630-1694), Christology, or A Discourse Concerning Christ; in Himself, his Government, his Offices, &c. by the Rev. Robert Fleming, . . . abridged: in two parts. By Alexander Cleeve, 1795.

Fleming, Robert (1630-1694), The History of Hereditary-right From Cain to Nero: Wherein its Indefeasibleness, and all Other Such Late Doctrines Concerning the Absolute Power of Princes . . . are Fully and Finally Determin'd, by the Scripture Standard of Divine Right . . . To which is prefix'd, a preface, by way of a modest challenge and address to the British and Irish Jacobites, to answer what is said, 1711.

Forrest, David W., The Authority of Christ, 1906.

Gee, Edward (1613-1660), and Richard Hollingworth (1607-1656), An Exercitation Concerning Usurped Powers: Wherein the Difference Betwixt Civill Authority and Usurpation is Stated. That the obedience due to lawfull magistrates, is not owing, or payable, to usurped powers, is maintained. The obligation of oaths, and other sanctions to the former, notwithstanding the antipolitie of the latter is asserted. And the arguments urged on the contrary part in divers late printed discourses are answered. Being modestly, and inoffensively managed: by one studious of truth and peace both in Church and state, 1650.

*Goodwin, Thomas (1600-1680), Christ our Mediator. A Christian classic. Available in THE WORKS OF THOMAS GOODWIN, volume 8, ISBN: 1892777916 9781892777911.
Goodwin, Thomas, The Works of Thomas Goodwin
http://archive.org/details/worksofthomasgoo01good

Graham, John, The Revolution Settlement of the Church of Scotland: Its Provisions, in Several Respects, Inconsistent With the Approved Principles of the Second Reformation, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30. Available in LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION.
Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

*Hall, David W., Savior or Servant? Putting Government in its Place.
"SAVIOR OR SERVANT? is the single best volume of Christian thinking on the issue of the increasingly intrusive state . . . Theology at its very best: orthodox, relevant, and provocative." -- George Grant
"SAVIOR OR SERVANT? PUTTING GOVERNMENT IN ITS PLACE is an attempt to define the role of the state: Shall it be a minister or a Messiah? Using ancient but timeless information, David W. Hall has surveyed the Bible and arrived at a coherent theology of the state. This study succeeds in identifying the responsibilities that the civil state is mandated to do, permitted to do, and prohibited from doing. Along the way, it is discovered that all political schemes and issues are fraught with theological value. Moreover, the most enduring grid to keep government in its rightful place is found in the Bible. Drawing upon thousands of verses and hundreds of thinkers, this volume is comprehensive yet readable. Theologians from Augustine to Calvin and from Aquinas to Barth are studied and presented in a non-technical manner. The Christian who is interested in politics should absorb these summaries before launching out into unstudied political activism. Rather than adopting a politics-as-usual posture, Hall challenges partisans from the right and from the left. He summons Christians to the old paths, which God's Word has occupied for centuries. Discussed in these chapters are perennial matters of practical importance, such as: taxation; resistance to evil governments; methods of influence; the escalation of rights; limited government; moral qualities for leaders; separation of powers. This book will provide excellent fodder for discussion and guidance. It returns spiritual principles to their place, while seeking to put government in its proper place.
"SAVIOR OR SERVANT? is a revival of a classic approach to limited government. In a time when nations are finally beginning to shrink bloated governments, a surprising source commends itself as an able assistant in reform. The scriptural view of the state, removed from the varied fads of political science, provides an enduring perspective by which to measure all states. This study begins with a survey of biblical teaching on pressing matters of state today. Following the contours of the Old and New Testaments, SAVIOR OR SERVANT? calls all levels of government to a servant posture, rather than allowing officials to dominate. A historical tracing of the best and most pertinent that theology has to offer on the subject is contained in these pages." -- Publisher

Hay Fleming, David (1849-1931), Scotland Under the Papacy: Some Historical Facts Concerning our Country From the Time of Queen Margaret to the Days of John Knox.

Hooker, Thomas (1586-1647), A Comment Upon Christ's Last Prayer in the Seventeenth of John [John 17] Wherein is Opened the Union Beleevers Have With God and Christ, and the Glorious Privileges Thereof . . . / by that faithful and known servant of Christ, Mr. Thomas Hooker . . . printed from the authors own papers written with his own hand, and attested to be such in an epistle by Thomas Goodwin and Philip Nye, 1656.

Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), The Dominion and Glory of the Redeemer: The Support and Confidence of the Church, and the Joy of the Saints.

*Hutchison, Matthew, The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Scotland: Its Origin and History, 1680-1876, 450 pages. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
"This is the only book-length history covering the period after 1680 (to 1876), when the majority Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland merged with the Free Church of Scotland. The history after 1822, when the Auchensaugh Renovation was removed as a term of communion, merely chronicles the wholesale backsliding of the church and eventual split in 1863; from which a majority emerged which joined with the Free Church of Scotland in 1876. A remnant of the minority of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland still exists, however they never returned to the original position of the church from which it began to depart in 1822 (with the removal of the Auchensaugh bond -- which bond is the Auchensaugh Renovation. This book is a fine illustration of the 'footsteps of the flock,' (as seen in the Protesters [paleopresbyterians] and their spiritual posterity), during the period of which it deals, while at the same time serving as a clear warning to those who have declined from Reformation attainments (i.e. the Resolutioners [neopresbyterians] and those who continue their deformation of the faith). 'By the National Covenant,' notes Thomas Sproull, 'our Fathers laid Popery prostrate. By the Solemn League and Covenant they were successful in resisting prelatic encroachments and civil tyranny. By it they were enabled to achieve the Second Reformation . . . They were setting up landmarks by which the location and limits of the city of God will be known at the dawn of the millennial day . . . How can they be said to go forth by the footsteps of the flock, who have declined from the attainments, renounced the covenants and contradicted the testimony of 'the cloud of witnesses.'. . . All the schisms (separations) that disfigure the body mystical of Christ . . . are the legitimate consequences of the abandonment of reformation attainments -- the violation of covenant engagements.' Understanding where the faithful covenanted servants of Christ have been historically, not only helps individuals to separate between truly constituted churches and the those that are false (because they have constitutionally backslidden from Reformation attainments); but is a necessary component to the keeping the fifth commandment, as the Reformed Presbytery has pointed out: ' Nor otherwise can a Christian know the time or place of his birth, or the persons whom God commands him to honor as his father and mother, than by uninspired testimony; and the same is true of his covenant obligation, if baptized in infancy. Against all who ignorantly or recklessly reject or oppose history as a bond of fellowship, in the family, in the state, but especially in the church, we thus enter our solemn and uncompromising protest.' (excerpted from: The Act, Declaration and Testimony for the Whole of our Covenanted Reformation . . . by the Reformed Presbytery, pp. 177-178 -- a SWRB rare bound photocopy [1761], reprinted 1995 from the 1876 edition). This edition of THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN SCOTLAND: ITS ORIGIN AND HISTORY, 1680-1876 also contains an introductory note by William Goold (the editor of John Owen's WORKS). In introducing this book Goold writes, 'This volume may claim attention as supplying an essential link in the ecclesiastical history of Scotland. It is the history of that body of men who adhered to the civil part of the Second Reformation, according to which Presbytery was established and recognized by the State between 1638 and 1649 . . . The Church of which this volume is a history took its rise in its distinctive character at this period, and on the ground that it could not, while acknowledging the relief from oppression which the Revolution (of 1688), afforded, acquiesce in the arrangements made by the State for the recognition of the Church and the due exercise of its authority within its own spiritual domain (because the so-called 'glorious revolution' was Erastian to the core and also denied the previous national covenant engagements -- RB). . . . Apart, however, from their testimony in regard to this evil and danger, resulting from a Civil Government in which Prelacy was continued as an essential element, those who dissented from the Revolution Settlement, and from whom the Reformed Presbyterian Church arose, were animated with an earnest zeal for the maintenance of religious ordinances. They strove to exist as a Church, and how far they succeeded, and what difficulties they had to surmount in the attempt, is the interesting story recorded in this volume' (pp. v-vi). In summary, this book (of 450 pages), is an one-of-a-kind chronicle of an integral part of the history of the battle for the 'Crown Rights and Royal Prerogatives of the Lord Jesus Christ'." -- Publisher

Johnston, Archibald, Regnum Lapidis, or, The Kingdom of the Stone: A Dissertation on the Crown Rights of Christ
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/7/27/archibald-johnstons-regnum-lapis-or-the-kingdom-of-the-stone

Johnston, Nathan Robinson, Christ Jesus Lord of Nations, 1875.

*Knox, John (1505-1572), and Roger A. Mason (editor), Knox: On Rebellion, ISBN: 0521390893 9780521390897 0521399882 9780521399883.
"John Knox's FIRST BLAST OF THE TRUMPET AGAINST THE MONSTROUS REGIMENT OF WOMEN, one of the most notorious political tracts of the sixteenth century, has been more often referred to than read. Its true significance as one of a series of pamphlets which Knox wrote in 1558 on the theme of rebellion is therefore easily overlooked. This new edition of his writings includes not only THE FIRST BLAST, but the three other tracts of 1558 -- THE LETTER TO THE REGENT OF SCOTLAND, THE APPELLATION TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, and THE LETTER TO THE COMMONALTY OF SCOTLAND -- in which Knox confronted the problem of resistance to tyranny. Related material, mostly drawn from Knox's own HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND, illuminates the development of his views before 1558 and illustrates their application in the specific circumstances of the Scottish Reformation and the rule of Mary Queen of Scots. This edition thus brings together for the first time all of Knox's most important writings on rebellion." -- Publisher
The editor, Roger A. Mason, has written extensively: SCOTS AND BRITONS: SCOTTISH POLITICAL THOUGHT AND THE UNION OF 1603, 1994 | JOHN KNOX AND THE BRITISH REFORMATIONS, 1998 | GEORGE BUCHANAN: POLITICAL THOUGHT IN EARLY MODERN BRITAIN AND EUROPE (co-author, Caroline Erskine), 2012 | SCOTLAND AND ENGLAND, 1286-1815, 1987 | KINGSHIP AND THE COMMONWEAL: POLITICAL THOUGHT IN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION SCOTLAND, 1998 | PEOPLE AND POWER IN SCOTLAND: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF T.C. SMOUT (co-authors, Norman Macdougall and T.C. Smout), 1992 | ANDREW MELVILLE (1545-1622): HUMANIST AND REFORMER (co-author, Steven J. Reid), 2013 | EMPIRE, UNION AND REFORM, 2007 | THE GLASGOW ASSEMBLY 1638, 1988. He is from the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
"This compilation brings together, for the first time, all of Knox's most important political writings. It shows, in Knox's own words, how he directly and faithfully confronted the problem of resistance to tyranny. It is especially illustrative in regard to how Knox made application of Scripture to the specific circumstances of the Scottish Reformation and the rule of Mary, Queen of Scots. It includes his FIRST BLAST OF THE TRUMPET AGAINST THE MONSTROUS REGIMENT OF WOMEN, THE APPELLATION TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, his confrontations with Lethington (the Queens's secretary), during the General Assembly [A DEBATE BETWEEN JOHN KNOX AND SECRETARY LETHINGTON ON THE DUTY OF CHRISTIAN SUBJECTS TO EXECUTE JUDGEMENT UPON CRIMINAL MAGISTRATES -- compiler], and much more. Reconstructionists, and all serious students of the Reformation, will welcome this volume, as it conclusively proves that Knox held to some very specific points related to Theonomic ethics. Knox even went so far as to call for the execution of the Queen, because she was publicly promoting sedition (against Christ the King), in her celebration of the idolatrous Popish Mass. He based his reasoning, including negative civil penal sanctions, on Old Testament case law. B.K. Kuiper says of him, 'After Knox returned to Scotland the Reformation in that land swept forward . . . The preaching of Knox was like a spark in a keg of gunpowder.' Wherever he preached there followed an iconoclastic explosion. Images were broken and monasteries stormed by the mob. He wrote: 'The places of idolatry were made level with the ground, the monuments of idolatry consumed with fire, and priests were commanded under pain of death to desist from their blasphemous mass . . . The pope's authority and all jurisdiction by Catholic prelates was abolished, and the celebration of the mass was forbidden. Maintenance of the true religion was declared to be the prime duty of government . . .' (The Church in History, pp. 217-18). This book will leave no doubt in your mind as to why Knox has been called 'Calvin with a sword.' It will light a fire in your soul for righteousness in civil matters -- something the Reformers often addressed!" -- Publisher
Some of the tracts included in this work are available singly in THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX on the Puritan Hard Drive and the Reformation Bookshelf. Available (THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
See also the following political writings of John Knox single on both the Puritan Hard Drive and in The Reformation Bookshelf: CD #1, John Knox Debates God's Law, Idolatry and Civil Resistance in the General Assembly of 1564 | CD #1, Select Practical Writings of John Knox | CD #15, Against Romish Rites and Political and Ecclesiastical Tyranny (1554) | CD #26, Against Romish Rites and Political and Ecclesiastical Tyranny (1554) | CD #17, An Admonition to Flee Idolatry, Romanism and All False Worship (1554) | CD #25, The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women (This book is on the first CD in this set). | CD #26, Reformation, Revolution and Romanism: An Appeal to the Scottish Nobility (1558).

Martin, Hugh (1822-1885), The Atonement: In its Relations to the Covenant, the Priesthood, the Intercession of our Lord, 1882.

*Martin, Hugh (1822-1885), The Connexion Between the Headship of Christ and Revival in the Church: With Present Relative Duties.

*McAuley, John (1807-1883), Christ's Mediatorial Dominion; or, What our Standards Teach in Relation to the Headship, or Dominion of Christ the Mediator.
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/7/27/john-mcauleys-article-on-christs-mediatorial-dominion-or-what-our-standards-teach-in-relation-to-the-headship-or-dominion-of-christ-the-mediator

*McClure, Alexander D., The First Amendment: A Master Piece of Satan Contra Anti-establishmentarianism. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"This article was sent to 278 members of the Canadian Parliament. It debunks the idea that it is right for majorities to determine law through their elected officials in opposition to God's holy law. It also opposes the false theories of human rights found in the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In short, and in agreement with both the Belgic and Westminster Confessions, it opposes 'the presumption that a government, ordained of God, can be neutral, and can make no law stating that Jesus Christ is King of the Nation, and that it can hold all religions, which are repugnant to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, equal before it'." -- Publisher

*McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander (1774-1833), Messiah: Governor of the Nations of the Earth: A Discourse. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH and THE WRITTEN LAW, OR THE LAW OF GOD REVEALED IN THE SCRIPTURES, BY CHRIST AS MEDIATOR; THE RULE OF DUTY TO CHRISTIAN NATIONS TO CIVIL INSTITUTIONS) at Covenanter.org. Available (the pamphlet, MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH, which includes THE WRITTEN LAW, OR THE LAW OF GOD REVEALED IN THE SCRIPTURES, BY CHRIST AS MEDIATOR) at Covenanter and Reformed Presbyterian Pamphlets.
"The doctrine of the Mediatorial Reign of Christ has formed the subject of those principles accounted distinctive to the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Christ's kingship over the nations and the implications of this doctrine will not be popular amongst a people deeply compromised with the spirit of the age. The prescription may seem tough, but the results of centuries of ignoring this doctrine have left the church effete and gutted when it comes to addressing matters concerning church and state relations. In the various modern debates one viewpoint has been left out, and it is the only one which presents a serious and rigorous biblical vision -- the Covenanter position on civil government.
"In the first discourse, Alexander McLeod explains the biblical basis and the importance of professing that Christ is the head over all nations. McLeod moves from an explanation of what is meant by confessing that Christ rules as Mediator, to a discussion of his administrations as ruler over the nations. Afterward he addresses numerous objections that are raised against the doctrine, in which he explains many finer points respecting Christ's Mediatorial administration.
"The second discourse, THE WRITTEN LAW, by Dr. James Renwick Willson (1780-1853), takes up a number of matters of great practical concern and application of the doctrine of this Mediatorship over the nations. Willson is particularly concerned with the place of the written law of God in the constitution of civil governments. Willson often courts controversy, and does not shy away from consistency. It is a blueprint for how things ought to be, if we would submit to Christ as a nation." -- Publisher
McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander, Messiah, Governor of the Nations of the Earth
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/alexander-mcleods-sermon-on-messiah-governor-of-the-nations-of-the-earth
Willson, James Renwick, The Written Law, or The Law of God Revealed in the Scriptures, by Christ as Mediator; The Rule of Duty to Christian Nations to Civil Institutions
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/james-r-willsons-sermon-on-the-written-law
Covenanter and Reformed Presbyterian Pamphlets
http://www.covenanter.org/pamphlets/

*McMillan (M'Millan), II, John (1729-1808), and John Thorburn (Minister of the Gospel 1730?-1788), Vindiciae Magistratus: or, The Divine Institution and Right of the Civil Magistrate Vindicated: Wherein are Properly Stated and Ascertained The True Nature and Extent of the Moral Power of Civil Society and Magistracy, Legislative and Executive; The Just Instituted Authority of Magistrates; The Inviolableness of Just Human Laws and Constitutions in General, and Particularly Those of Scotland; The Natural and Unalienable Rights of Individuals in, or With Respect of Civil Society; And, the True Causes From Which a Moral Relation Flows, and Upon Which a Moral Obligation is Founded, &c. Against the truly factious and immoral doctrine of John Thomson (Burgher associate), minister of the Gospel at Donagbhclony in Ireland, now at Kirkintilloch near Glasgow, maintained in his pretended confutation of the principles of the reformed presbytery, in a pamphlet intituled (sic) The Presbyterian covenanter displayed in his political principles, and the impostor detected. By John Thorburn, minister of the Gospel at Pentland. To which is subjoined, by way of appendix, A vindication of the constitution of the reformed presbytery, and of the character, ministerial mission and authority of the Rev. Mr. John M'Millan Senior [McMillan I, John, 1669?-1753], deceased, from the groundless cavils of Mr. W.W. and Seceders, by his son. The whole being humbly offered as an apologetical representation and defence of the principles of said presbytery, and of their people, commonly known by the names of Old Dissenters, Cameronians, &c. Against the injurious charges and false imputations cast upon them, first by the established Church of Scotland, and then by the Secession. Alternate titles: DIVINE INSTITUTION AND RIGHT OF THE CIVIL MAGISTRATE VINDICATED PRESBYTERIAN-COVENANTER DISPLAYED IN HIS POLITICAL PRINCIPLES, AND THE IMPOSTER DETECTED VINDICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REFORMED PRESBYTERY, and DEFENDING THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN POSITION ON THE CIVIL MAGISTRATE, 1781. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
MacMillan II, John, A Vindication of the Ministerial Authority of John MacMillan I, and of the Reformed Presbytery
http://www.truecovenanter.com/mcmillan/mcmillan_vindication_mcmillan_1773.html

Miller, Hugh, and Peter Bayne, The Headship of Christ and the Rights of the Christian People, 1861.

Myers, Andrew, King of Nations as Well as King of Saints, e-text only (September 4, 2017).
KING OF NATIONS AS WELL AS KING OF SAINTS "is a compendium of statements and resources on the subject of the scope and extent of Christ's mediatorial kingship derived from a wide range of Reformed divines from the 16th to the 21st centuries. It attempts to demonstrate that the historical Reformed witness of the universal scope of Christ's mediatorial kingship is not unique to the Reformed Presbyterian Church, but rather a hallmark of Reformed theology." -- Publisher
King of Nations as Well as King of Saints
https://view.publitas.com/p222-10242/king-of-nations-revised-november-2016/page/1

Newell, John, The Royal Priesthood of Messiah: a Sermon Delivered Before the Society of Inquiry of the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Sabbath Evening, February 28th, 1858.

Nixon, William, The King of Nations and the Duty of Earthly Rulers to His Truth and Kingdom: A Sermon Preached Before the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland.

Oburn, William, The Dominion of our Savior Jesus Christ as Mediator: Shown to Extend to all Things External to His Church, Eph. 1:22 [Ephesians 1:22], 1878. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

Oldfield, Joshua, Christ the Head of Civil Government. A Sermon Preach'd Novemb. 13 [Before] the Societies for Reformation of Manners, 1699.

O'leary, David, and John H. Skilton, God as Ruler-king.

Paisley, Ian R.K., The Crown Rights of Jesus Christ: An Address Delivered by Request Before the General Synod of the Bible Presbyterian Church of America.

*Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Andrew Symington (editor), Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
"Contents: Second Reformation / Andrew Symington
Headship of Christ Over His church / James Ferguson
Evils, Constitutional and Practical of the Prelatic Establishment of the British Empire / Thomas Neilson
The Revolution Settlement of the Church of Scotland / John Graham
Patronage Opposed to the Independence of the Church and to the Scriptural Rights of Christian people / W.H. Goold
Headship of Christ Over the Nations / Andrew Symington
Nature and Obligation of Public Vows / William Symington
The sin and Danger of Union Between the Church of Christ and the Immoral or Anti-christian Civil Government / Stewart Bates."
Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

*Reformed Presbytery, Auchensaugh Renovation of the National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant; With the Acknowledgement of sins and Engagement to Duties as They Were Renewed at Auchensaugh in 1712 . . . Also the Renovation of These Public Federal Deeds Ordained at Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1880, by the Reformed Presbytery, With Accommodation of the Original Covenants, in Both Transactions, to Their Times and Positions Respectively, 1880 edition. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, #25, #30.
" 'In 1712, at Auchensaugh, the Covenants, National and Solemn League, were renewed . . . At the renewal the covenant bonds were recognized as binding the descendants of those who first entered into those bonds. The Covenanters, however, sought to display the true intent of those Covenants with marginal notes. These notes explained that the Church of Jesus Christ, in Scotland (and around the world), must not join hands with any political power in rebellion to the crown rights of King Jesus. The Covenanters pledged the Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Church to the support of lawful magistracy (i.e. magistracy which conformed itself to the precepts of God's Word), and declared themselves and their posterity against support of any power, in Church or State, which lacked biblical authority.' (From 'About the Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Church' P.O. Box 131, Pottstown, PA 19464). An excellent introduction (historical and moral), regarding the reasons, motives and manner of fulfilling the duty of covenanting with God. Especially helpful concerning the Biblical view of the blessings (for covenant-keepers), and cursings (for covenant breakers), related to covenanting. As noted on page 37, 'the godly usually in times of great defection from the purity and power of religion, and corruption of the ordinances of God's worship, set about renewing their covenant, thereby to prevent covenant curses, and procure covenant blessing; as we find both in scripture record, 2 Chron. 15:12-13 [2 Chronicles 15:12-13]; 29:10 [2 Chronicles 29:10]; 34:30-31 [2 Chronicles 34:30-31]; Ezra 10:3, and in our own ecclesiastical history.' Times like ours certainly call for a revival of the Scriptural ordinance of covenanting, for 'the nations throughout Christendom, continue in league with Antichrist and give their strength to the beast. They still refuse to profess and defend the true religion in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, contrary to the example of the kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland in the seventeenth century'." -- Publisher
McMillan, John, I (1669?-1753), Renovation of Covenants, Auchensaugh
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/19/renovation-of-covenants-auchensaugh-1712
Price, Greg L., The Auchensaugh Renovation, 2 audio cassettes [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"This is the story of the renewal of the National and Solemn League and Covenant, which took place under the leadership of John Macmillan (cf. The Cameronian Apostle by Reid), at Auchensaugh, July 24, 1712. Events leading up to this renewal are especially pertinent, as they expose the Satanic tactics which often become most useful to the devil in attacking all revivals and those seeking to return to covenanted attainments. Price notes how Cromwell's tolerationism opened the floodgates of iniquity and helped pave the way (though not intended by the covenant breaking Cromwellians), for the tyranny of Charles II. This set the stage for the corrupted and defective revolution of 1688 and the malignant Revolution church, which left the Covenanted Reformation buried under the debris of William's Erastianism, Prelacy (in England and Ireland), and the compromised Presbyterianism of the Revolution Church in Scotland (cf. Clarkson's Plain Reasons for Presbyterians Dissenting from the Revolution Church of Scotland; this Revolution church was the root of much modern day Presbyterian defection and this book still eloquently denounces this defection). The Auchensaugh Renovation cleared away all the Reformation denying rubbish that had accumulated from 1649 to 1712, and 'being agreeable to the Word of God' became part of the terms of communion of the Reformed Presbyterian church on Nov. 3, 1712 (cf. Terms of Ministerial and Christian Communion in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, point 4 of 6). It is also interesting to note that at the Lord's Supper (on July 27, 1712), following this covenant renewal, Macmillan, in 'fencing the tables' proclaimed, 'I excommunicate and debar from this Holy Table of the Lord, all devisers, commanders, users, or approvers, of any religious worship not instituted by God in His Word, all tolerators and countenancers thereof; and by consequence I debar and excommunicate from this Holy Table of the Lord, Queen and Parliament, and all under them, who spread and propagate or tolerate a false and superstitious worship, ay, and until they repent.' Furthermore, concerning those who opposed the covenants and the work of reformation, Macmillan trumpeted these faithful words, 'I excommunicate and debar all who are opposers of our Covenants and Covenanted Reformation, and all that have taken oaths contrary to our covenants, and such particularly as are takers of the Oath of Abjuration, whether Ministers or others, until they repent.' (Reformed Presbytery, The Auchensaugh Renovation . . . p. 55). Beyond the fascinating and detailed story of the history and reasons for the Auchensaugh renovation of the covenants, these studies also clearly and biblically explain the continuing obligation to renew lawful covenants, makes application to our day, and demonstrates how covenanting was foundational to the Second Reformation. A fine (and unique), set of tapes defending the attainments of our Covenanted Reformation! For more information see our bound photocopy The Auchensaugh Renovation . . . by the Reformed Presbytery." -- Publisher
The Reformed Presbytery, The Auchensaugh Renovation of the National Covenant and: Solemn League and Covenant With the Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, as They Were Renewed at Auchensaugh, Near Douglas, July 24, 1712. (Compared With the Editions of Paisley, 1820, and Belfast, 1835). Also, The Renovation of These Public Federal Deeds Ordained at Philadelphia, October 8, 1880, by the Reformed Presbytery, with Accommodation of the Original Covenants, in Both Transactions, to Their Times and Positions Respectively
http://archive.org/details/theauchensaughre12381gut

*Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite" (David Steele [1803-1887], James Campbell, Thomas Sproull, James Fulton), A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, 2nd Edition, Revised, and Enlarged by a Committee of the Reformed Presbytery ("Circular" and "Review" prefixed), 1879, 50 pages. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2 (also #1, #25, and #30).
"Until the church comes to terms with what is written in this book it will remain weak and divided. Covenant breakers will not prosper, as this rare item demonstrates from both Scripture and history. The power packed ordinance of covenanting (the National and Solemn League and Covenant in particular), was foundational to the Second Reformation and the work of the Westminster Assembly. 'By the National Covenant our fathers laid Popery prostrate. By the Solemn League and Covenant they were successful in resisting prelatic encroachments and civil tyranny. By it they were enabled to achieve the Second Reformation . . . They were setting up landmarks by which the location and limits of the city of God will be known at the dawn of the millennial day . . . How can they be said to go forth by the footsteps of the flock, who have declined from the attainments, renounced the covenants and contradicted the testimony of 'the cloud of witnesses. . . . All the schisms (separations) that disfigure the body mystical of Christ . . . are the legitimate consequences of the abandonment of reformation attainments, the violation of covenant engagements.' If you are interested in knowing how to recognize a faithful church (or state), when and why to separate from unfaithful institutions, who has held up the standard of Covenanted Reformation attainments and who has backslidden (and why), what it means to subscribe to the Westminster Confession (1646), (and why most that say they do so today do not have any idea of what that means), and much more concerning individual, family, church and civil, individual, family, church and civil duties, this is one of the best books you will ever lay your hands on. It chronicles 'some instances of worldly conformity and mark(s) some steps of defection from our 'covenanted unity and uniformity,' noting how 'it is necessary to take a retrospect of our history for many years; for we did not all at once reach our present condition of sinful ignorance and manifold apostasy.' Presbyterian and the Reformed churches lay under the heavy hand of God's judgement in our day, because of the very defections noted throughout this fine work. 'We heard (hear) from various quarters the cry, "maintain the truth, stand up for the principles of the Second Reformation"; and yet many of those who are the most loud in uttering this cry, appear desirous to bury in oblivion those imperishable national and ecclesiastical deeds, by which the church and kingdom of Scotland became 'married to the Lord.' Are we married to the Lord, or have we thrown off the covenants of our forefathers; are we the chaste bride of Christ, or a harlot who is found in the bedchambers of every devilish suitor (whether ecclesiastical or civil), who tempts us with the favors of this world? Let us cry out, as with 'the noble Marquis of Argyle, upon the scaffold,' when he said, 'God hath tied us by covenants to religion and reformation. These that were then unborn are yet engaged, and it passeth the power of all the magistrates under heaven to absolve them from the oath of God. They deceive themselves, and it may be, would deceive others, who think otherwise.' Not for the weak of heart." -- Publisher
A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, Reformed Presbytery
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/26/a-short-vindication-of-our-covenanted-reformation

*Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite," David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., Act, Declaration, and Testimony, for the Whole of the Covenanted Reformation, as Attained to, and Established in, Britain and Ireland; Particularly Betwixt the Years 1638 and 1649, Inclusive. As, Also, Against all the Steps of Defection From Said Reformation, Whether in Former or Later Times, Since the Overthrow of that Glorious Work, Down to This Present day (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876), a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761, the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840. Available (the 1850 edition only) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (the 1850 edition only) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
"And now, when time has proved that more recent Testimonies, Terms, and Covenants, have failed to preserve either unity or uniformity among those who framed them; it cannot be unseasonable to re-exhibit the original ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, which has been justly characterized as 'the most profoundly reasoned document ever emitted by the Reformed Presbyterian Church'." -- The Reformation Advocate Magazine, Vol. I, No. 8, December, 1875, page 267
"Upholds the original work of the Westminster Assembly and testifies to the abiding worth and truth formulated in the Westminster family of documents. Upholds and defends the Crown Rights of King Jesus in Church and State, denouncing those who would remove the crown from Christ's head by denying His right to rule (by His law), in both the civil and ecclesiastical spheres. Testifies to the received doctrine, government, worship, and discipline of the Church of Scotland in her purest (reforming) periods. Applies God's Word to the Church's corporate attainments 'with a judicial approbation of the earnest contendings and attainments of the faithful, and a strong and pointed judicial condemnation of error and the promoters thereof.' (The Contending Witness magazine, Dec. 17/93, p. 558). Shows the church's great historical victories (such as the National and Solemn League and Covenant, leading to the Westminster Assembly), and exposes her enemies actions (e.g. the Prelacy of Laud; the Independency, sectarianism, covenant breaking and ungodly toleration set forth by the likes of Cromwell [and the Independents that conspired with him]; the Erastianism and civil sectarianism of William of Orange, etc.). It is not likely that you will find a more consistent working out of the principles of Calvinism anywhere. Deals with the most important matters relating to the individual, the family, the church and the state. Sets forth a faithful historical testimony of God's dealings with men during some of the most important days of church history. A basic text that should be mastered by all Christians." -- Publisher
Act, Declaration, and Testimony (1876)
https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
Act, Declaration and Testimony, 1761 (edition of 1876)
"Compared with the 1777 edition, Philadelphia. We hereby certify that this is a true edition of the ORIGINAL JUDICIAL TESTIMONY, emitted by the Reformed Presbytery at Ploughlandhead, Scotland, 1761; together with the Supplements adopted by the Reformed Presbytery at this date, June 2d, 1876. [Signed -- compiler] David Steele, James Campbell, Robert Clyde, Robert Alexander, Committee.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/

*Reid, H.M.B., A Cameronian Apostle: Being Some Account of John Macmillan of Balmaghie, 1896. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30.
"The author wrote this book 'considering the renewed interest taken at present in questions of Church government and establishment,' noting that 'there seemed to be some room for a detailed treatment of a career which covers so interesting a period as that embraced between 1690 and 1750.' Macmillan is an important historical link to those who still fight for Christ's Crown and Covenant. 'For many years he fought the battle of the Covenants alone, and he fought it on lines of policy and wisdom.' states Reid. Furthermore, the author continues, 'I have tried to indicate his position among the 'Suffering Remnant' by calling him 'a Cameronian Apostle;' for, during the long period of 36 years, he was the sole ordained minister among the scattered congregations of the 'Society' people. The name seems not unfitting, and it receives a certain sanction from the authority of Dr. Cunningham, who styled him the 'high-priest' of the Societies . . . Further, Macmillan's story is also the record of the development of a most interesting side of Scottish Church life. He may be said, indeed, to have made the history of what, at last, became the Reformed Presbyterian Church. This is so true, that that Church long bore the popular name of the 'Macmillanites.' And the name of Macmillan is bound up with more than one congregation still existing.' An important book for those who would trace the backsliding of modern Presbyterianism (the neopresbyterians), and also be encouraged by the remnant of those who remain faithful to the position of the original Covenanters (the paleopresbyterians). This book's 308 pages includes illustrations and a detailed appendix containing important church documents." -- Publisher

Reid, H.M.B. (Henry Martyn Beckwith), The Kirk Above dee Water, 1895. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
" 'This little book (128 pages), . . . embodies a few scattered notices of (the) Balmaghie Church since the year 1615 . . . The dominating figure in the following pages is, of course, the great Macmillan' (Preface). Here 'they went to hear the word of God properly preached' in the Kirk of the Hill Folk, which had never fyled its hands with 'an Erastian Establishment!' (Introduction). An interesting look at a Covenanter congregation." -- Publisher

Roberts, William L. (1798-1864), The Covenanting Martyrs and Revival of the Covenants! Quoting the Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/CovMart.htm
Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism

*Roberts, William Louis (1798-1864), The Duty of Nations, in Their National Capacity, to Acknowledge and Support the True Religion, 1853. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
"Excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM below, this book deals with the inescapable necessity, of the demand found in the Word of God, for the Civil establishment of Christ as King and Lawgiver over every nation on earth. If you are sick of the cease-fire with humanism, set forth by the syncretistic, Satanic and pragmatic pagan politicians of our day (those who bargain with votaries of Antichrist [the Pope], publicly tolerate all manner of false religions (e.g. Islam), and idolatry, and comprise their policy and draw their pretended authority from the beast [and not the Word of God], this book is for you! For all pagan politics is summed up in the words of the Cameronian (Covenanter) political philosopher Alexander Shields, as 'rotting away under the destructive distempers of detestable neutrality, loathsome lukewarmness, declining, and decaying in corruptions, defections, divisions, distractions, confusions; and so judicially infatuated with darkness and delusions, that they forget and forego the necessary testimony of the day.' (A Hind let Loose, 1797 edition, p. 20). Pick up this book and begin the political walk in the 'footsteps of the flock,' traveling the covenanting road of Reformation and Scripture (with the magisterial Reformers of the past)!" -- Publisher
On the Duty of Covenanting and the Permanent Obligations of Religious Covenants.
Being Section 11 in THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM by William L. Roberts
http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/PresCatCov.htm
A Hind let Loose; Or An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland. . . . by Mr. Alexander Shields, Minister of the Gospel, in St. Andrews
http://www.truecovenanter.com/shields/
A Hind let Loose: or, An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland, for the Interest of Christ: With the True State Thereof in all its Periods, Shields, Alexander
http://archive.org/details/hindletlooseorhi00shie
Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism

*Roberts, William Louis (1798-1864), The Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, ISBN: 0524065543 9780524065549. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available from ATLA 1991-2638.
A magnificent catechism that sets forth the Crown Rights of The King of Glory and Lord of Lords. It also presents incontrovertible evidence that the United States Constitution is not a Christian document, and that it is, in fact, a slavery document.
"A manual of instruction, drawing from such notable authors as William Symington and J.R. Willson, presenting arguments and facts confirming and illustrating the 'Distinctive Principles' of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Chapters deal with: 'Christ's Mediatorial Dominion in General;' Christ's Exclusive Headship Over the Church;' 'The Supreme and Ultimate Authority of the Word of God in the Church;' Civil Government, the Moral Ordinance of God;' Christ's Headship Over the Nations;' 'The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ;' The Word, or Revealed Will of God, the Supreme Law in the State;' 'The Duty of Nations, in Their National Capacity, to Acknowledge and Support the True Religion:' 'The Spiritual Independence of the Church of Christ:' 'The Right and Duty of Dissent From an Immoral Constitution of Civil Government;' 'The Duty of Covenanting, and the Permanent Obligations of Religious Covenants;' 'The Application of These Principles to the Governments, Where Reformed Presbyterians Reside, in the Form of a Practical Testimony;' and finally 'Application of the Testimony to the British Empire. . . '." -- Publisher
Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism
On the Mediatorial Dominion of The Lord Jesus Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_01_mediatorial_dominion.html
The Exclusive Headship of The Lord Jesus Christ Over the Church of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_02_christs_headship_over_the_church.html
Civil Government the Moral Ordinance of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_04_civil_government.html
On Christ's Headship Over the Nations, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_05_christs_headship_over_nations.html
The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_06_subjection_of_nations_to_christ.html
See also: The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration, SECRET PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION; CONSPIRACY IN PHILADELPHIA: THE ORIGINS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, and A THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

*Rogers, Richard (1550?-1618), Judges, ISBN: 0851513778.
Richard Rogers was a contemporary of William Perkins (1558-1602).
"This for the Puritan period is THE work upon Judges. It is thoroughly plain and eminently practical. . . ." -- C.H. Spurgeon
"It [THE BOOK OF JUDGES -- compiler], provides a dramatic illustration of the effect of apostasy upon every aspect of life. The root cause of Israel's decline was that the covenant relationship with the Lord, with its requirement of absolute and loyal obedience to His commands, was broken. This led to disintegration in the political, religious, social, and family spheres and to a sharp increase in immorality. THE BOOK OF JUDGES serves as a reminder that a nation cannot live on its past glories. The author of JUDGES was, of course, a preacher to his own generation, but his message has a permanent and universal application, and may be summed up in the words of Proverbs 14:34:

Righteousness exalts a nation,
but sin in a reproach to any people.
[Proverbs 14:34 ]
"Israel's chronic inability to profit by its own bitter history is a solemn exhortation to profit from the lessons of experience, whether observed or experienced." -- A.E. Cundall
"Gideon asks the question that is central to JUDGES: 'if the Lord is with us, why then has all this happened to us?' (Judg. 6:13 [Judges 6:13]). There was warning in Deuteronomy that the result of turning away from God and serving idols would be the sort of suffering that took place during the period of the judges. God would seem to be absent and the land would be filled with sorrows (Deut. 31:16,17 [Deuteronomy 31:16,17]). Israel needed a king who could teach them how to keep their covenant with the Lord. . . .
"The central section of Judges (3:7-16:31 [Judges 3:7 -- Judges 16:31]), the bulk of the book, makes an extensive use of repetition. The author describes a repeating sequence of events. The Israelites do evil in the eyes of the Lord, turning to serve other gods. God becomes angry and delivers them up to oppressors. They cry out for help, and God raises up a judge to deliver them. The judge brings peace, but the nation returns to sin as soon as the judge dies. The repeated phrasing describing this pattern reinforces the point that the Israelites were unrepentant. While each judge and the details of the deliverance he brought varies, the end was inevitable: the people again did evil in the eyes of the Lord.
"Six major judges are described, interspersed with the mention of six lesser judges. The opening and closing sections of the book are like bookends, enclosing the cyclical narratives about the judges. The introduction (1:1-2:5 [Judges 1:1 -- Judges 2:5]), points out Israel's general failure to conquer the land according to the provisions of the covenant God had made with them. The cycles of the twelve judges show that the judges could not lead the people into faithfulness to the covenant. There was a downward spiral of increasing disobedience. The conclusion (chs. 17-21 [Judges 17 -- Judges 21]), recounts two especially grievous examples of covenant disobedience. The writer repeats the brief, tragic observation, 'There was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.'
"The writer of Judges, like the authors of the other historical books, calls the community of faith to obey the covenant, applying to their lives the teaching of Deuteronomy. He points to the successes and failures of previous generations, and challenges the people of David's time to be faithful to the covenant. He warns them prophetically about the dangers of the wrong kind of leadership.
"According to JUDGES, Israel was falling away from the covenant and worshiping false gods as they forgot the Lord's acts of salvation in the past (2:10; 6:13 [Judges 2:10; Judges 6:13]). As in Deuteronomy, the sin of seeking other gods is the continuing pattern of covenant disobedience (Judg. 2:11,12 [Judges 2:11,12]; 3:7,12 [Judges 3:7,12]; 8:33 [Judges 8:33]; 10:6,10 [Judges 10:6,10]; Deut. 4:23 [Deuteronomy 4:23]). The repeated cycles with the constant refrains, the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord (2:11 [Judges 2:11]; 3:7,12 [Judges 3:7,12]; 4:1 [Judges 4:1]; 6:1 [Judges 6:1]; 10:6 [Judges 10:6]; 13:1 [Judges 13:1]), and everyone did what was right in his own eyes (17:6 [Judges 17:6]; 21:25 [Judges 21:25]; cf. Deut. 12:8 [Deuteronomy 12:8]; 31:16,17 [Deuteronomy 31:16,17]), were a sharp warning to Israel in David's early kingship that they absolutely needed a king who could enable the nation to keep the terms of their covenant with God.
"Beyond these immediate applications for the original audience of JUDGES, we should observe that later readers doubtless saw in the book the hope for a new David who would teach them to keep their covenant with the Lord. This would be especially true of those who read the book in the days of the divided monarchy or during and after the exile to Babylon. In New Testament days, the gospel of Jesus, the son of David (Matt. 1:1 [Matthew 1:1]), answers the longing of the readers of Judges for the presence of a godly king, and heightens the church's expectation of His return in glory." -- The Reformation Study Bible: The Word That Changes Lives -- The Faith That Changed the World, New King James Version, pp. 331,332
A study of the books of Judges and Micah (we recommend Calvin's Commentary on Micah), reveals that Bible Magistracy, executed by leaders of Church and by leaders of State, turns back the wrath of God. It could be argued this is an underlying theme throughout the Bible. Terrorism against the United States, abroad and at home, can be seen as the wrath of God punishing a wayward people. Practicing Bible Magistracy in society, then, is central to stopping terrorism. When men enforce the Law of God, then they turn back the wrath of God. The conclusion of David's life in 2 Samuel 23:3: The God of Israel said, the Rock of Israel spake to me, He that ruleth over men must be just, ruling in the fear of God.

*Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), The Glory, Majesty, Dominion and Power of Jesus Christ, 1643. Alternate title: A SERMON PREACHED TO THE HONORABLE HOUSE OF COMMONS: AT THEIR LATE SOLEMNE FAST, WEDNESDAY, JANU. 31. 1643. BY SAMUEL RUTHERFURD (sic), PROFESSOR OF DIVINITIE IN THE UNIVERSITIE OF ST. ANDREWS. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. [Daniel 6:26], 1644. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available [THE GLORY, MAJESTY, DOMINION AND POWER OF JESUS CHRIST, 1643] on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9, #25, and #29.
"Here Rutherford covers a wide range of topics including Christ's kingship and dominion over civil governments, what lawful power (civil and ecclesiastical), is, God's providence, suffering (especially among those covenanted to Him), the oppression and martyrdom of the saints, the wrath of God, apologetics, the fear of God, the visible church, assurance and the weak believer, the free offer of the Gospel, the sovereignty of God, antinomianism, Arminianism, and much more. However, whatever the subject, Rutherford can be found focusing on and exalting the Lord Jesus Christ and His truth in a way that few others have been granted the ability to do -- notwithstanding the fact that he himself wrote, 'I have neither tongue nor pen to express to you the happiness of such as are in Christ.' (Letters of Samuel Rutherford, p. 47). Classic Rutherford, preached before some of the most powerful civil leaders of his day!" -- Publisher
"It hath been the sin of this Land, that when Episcopacy, Anti-Christian Ceremonies, Superstition, and Will-worship were enjoined by Law, to pleasure an earthly King, you willingly followed after the command, against the direction of the King of Kings: and now hath the Lord delivered the people of the Land into the hand of their KING. And for this the Sword of the Lord hath gone through the Land." -- Samuel Rutherford (1600-1661)

Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), Sadness Because Christ's Headship not set Forth -- His Cause Attended With Crosses -- The Believer Seen of all, a letter. Available (THE LETTERS OF SAMUEL RUTHERFORD, PDF and MP3) on the Puritan Hard Drive.
Letters of Samuel Rutherford
http://archive.org/details/lettersofsamuelr00ruthrich
Letters of Samuel Rutherford
http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/letterCXV.htm

*Shields, Alexander (1660?-1700), A Hind let Loose, or An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland for the Interest of Christ With the True State Thereof in all its Periods. Together with a Vindication of the Present Testimony Against Popish, Prelatical, and Malignant Enemies of That Church, as it is now Stated, for the Prerogatives of Christ, Privileges of the Church, and Liberties of Mankind; and Sealed by the Sufferings of a Reproached Remnant of Presbyterians There, Witnessing Against the Corruptions of the Time: Wherein Several Controversies of Greatest Consequence Are Enquired Into, and in Some Measure Cleared; Concerning Hearing of the Curates, Owning of the Present Tyranny, Taking of Ensnaring Oaths and Bonds, Frequenting of Field-Meetings, Defensive Resistance of Tyrannical Violence, With Several Other Subordinate Questions Useful for These Times, 1797, 1744, 1687. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, #26.
"First printed in 1687 (near the end of the 'killing times'), we have used the 1797 edition for this rare bound photocopy because all of the Latin has been translated into English (an obvious improvement for English readers). This rare Covenanter classic, concerning Calvinistic political philosophy and tactics of civil resistance, is comparable to Samuel Rutherford's LEX, REX; in fact it could rightly be referred to as 'Lex, Rex volume two.' It is solidly in the line of John Knox's teachings on civil disobedience and addresses numerous topics that are relevant to today's Christian. 'In A HIND LET LOOSE, Shields justified the Cameronian resistance to royal absolutism and the divine right of kings. He argued that government is divinely ordained, but the people are entitled to bring a king to judgement for wrongdoing. Parliament is commissioned by the people to oversee the nation's affairs, but the compact between the people and their rulers does not entail a forfeiture of the people's power to depose tyrants and confer authority on someone else. Government is by consent, and must justify itself to the consciences of the people. God has given men the right of self defence, and this extends to a right not only passively to resist, but also to kill relentless persecutors,' writes Isbell in the DICTIONARY OF SCOTTISH CHURCH HISTORY AND THEOLOGY, p. 773. Controversial chapter titles include: 'Concerning Owning of Tyrants Authority;' 'Defensive Arms Vindicated;' 'Of Extraordinary Execution of Judgement by Private Men;' and 'Refusing to Pay Wicked Taxation Vindicated.' This book sets forth the Crown rights of King Jesus, against all usurpers in both church and state, giving a history of some of faithful sufferings endured by the elect, in maintaining this truth. It bears testimony against 'the popish, prelatical and malignant enemies' of Christ and proclaims the only true basis of liberty for mankind. 'The matter is argued with a vast abundance of Biblical illustration, and with much reference to Reformation and Puritan divines. It should be consulted, if practicable, by all who wish fully to understand the inner spirit of the Covenanting Movement,' writes Purves in FAIR SUNSHINE (p. 202). Isbell interestingly notes that Shields was once 'amanuensis to the English Puritan John Owen'." -- Publisher
A Hind let Loose; Or An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland. . . . by Mr. Alexander Shields, Minister of the Gospel, in St. Andrews
http://www.truecovenanter.com/shields/
Brutus, Junius, The Covenant Between God and Kings, from A DEFENSE OF LIBERTY
http://www.constitution.org/vct/vindiciae1a.htm

Simms, Samuel, The Prince of Peace: or, The Gospel the Grand Civilizer of Mankind and the Pacificator of the Nations of the Earth; A Discourse Delivered Before the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in Ireland on Monday Evening, 9th July, 1855.

Spurgeon, C.H. (1834-1892), The Mediator -- Judge and Saviour, a sermon by C.H. Spurgeon delivered on Lord's-day Morning, May 30, 1880, at the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, Sermon no. 1540.
Spurgeon carefully analyses Peter's sermon at Pentecost that brought about the visitation of the Holy Spirit.
http://www.spurgeongems.org/vols25-27/chs1540.pdf

Stevenson, George, and William S. Plumer, The Offices of Christ: Abridged From the Original Work of the Rev. George Stevenson, 1834. Alternate title: A TREATISE ON THE OFFICES OF CHRIST.

*Sundry Ministers of London, A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ, And to our Solemn League and Covenant; As Also Against the Errours, Heresies and Blasphemies of These Times, and the Toleration of Them. Wherein is Inserted a Catalogue of Divers of the Said Errours &c. All of them being collected out of their authors own books alleadged in the margin, and laid down in their own words; except one that was maintained in a dispute in Oxford, December 11, 1646, and six or seven which were asserted before a Committee of the Honourable House of Commons in the Star-Chamber, and reported to the House, Sept. 12, 1643. Subscribed by the Ministers of Christ Within the Province of London, December 14 &c., 1647.
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/a-testimony-to-the-truth-of-jesus-christ
Sundry Ministers of London, Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ and our Solemn League and Covenant
http://www.truecovenanter.com/anti_toleration/testimony_truth.html

*Symington, Andrew (1785-1853, the older brother of William), Headship of Christ Over the Nations, 1841. Alternate title: INTRODUCTORY LECTURE ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #13, #25.
"Provides Scriptural evidences for Christ's headship over the nations and the church, demonstrating the importance of this doctrine to the kingdom of Christ. A lecture excerpted from the book LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION, edited by Andrew Symington." -- Publisher
Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

*Symington, Andrew (1785-1853, the older brother of William, editor), and Ministers of The Reformed Presbyterian Church, Scotland, Introductory Lecture on the Principles of the Second Reformation, 1841. Alternate titles: LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION, and HEADSHIP OF CHRIST OVER THE NATIONS. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18, #30.
"Contents: Second Reformation / Andrew Symington
Headship of Christ Over His church / James Ferguson
Evils, Constitutional and Practical of the Prelatic Establishment of the British Empire / Thomas Neilson
The Revolution Settlement of the Church of Scotland / John Graham
Patronage Opposed to the Independence of the Church and to the Scriptural Rights of Christian people / W.H. Goold
Headship of Christ Over the Nations / Andrew Symington
Nature and Obligation of Public Vows / William Symington
The sin and Danger of Union Between the Church of Christ and the Immoral or Anti-christian Civil Government / Stewart Bates."
Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

*Symington, William (1795-1862), Messiah the Prince or, The Mediatorial Dominion of Jesus Christ, ISBN: 0966004434 0921148054. The 1884 edition is available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #13, #25, and #26.
"It is the standard work on the kingdom of God in English! There is nothing else like it." -- Publisher
"It was deemed essential to the salvation of men that their Redeemer should possess the powers at once of a prophet, a priest, and a king. These offices, while essentially distinct, are necessarily and inseparably connected with one another. Such a union has been by some utterly denied; and its denial has laid foundation for some capital errors, which have exerted a pernicious influence on the Christian church. By others it has been criminally overlooked; and the neglect with which it has been treated has occasioned vague and conflicting conceptions regarding the great work of man's deliverance from sin and wrath by the mediation of the Son of God." -- William Symington (1795-1862)
"It is the standard work on the kingdom of God in English! There is nothing else like it; it is one-of-a kind! It covers the necessity, reality, and qualifications of Christ's dominion over not only the church, but all nations too. Anything less is to rob Christ of His magnificent, majestic, mediatorial glory -- for He is the King of kings and Lord of lords. 'While books on the priestly work of the Redeemer, and especially on the Atonement, are numerous,' notes the introduction to the American edition, 'no formal and exhaustive discussion of the kingly office of the Messiah . . . and its application to various classes of moral agents is elsewhere to be found . . . It is cause for satisfaction that the only treatise, as yet, upon this subject, is a work of signal ability, lucid in arrangement, reverent in spirit, and with hardly an exception, sound and judicious in its conclusion. Its very merits are probably, in part, the reason why no other work on the same subject has appeared, and until it is supplanted by a better work -- an event not likely soon to occur -- it will have a value peculiar to itself'." -- Publisher
Chapters include "The Necessity of the Mediatorial Dominion," "The Universality of the Mediatorial Dominion," "The Mediatorial Dominion Over the Church," and "Over the Nations," plus much more.
Symington, William, Messiah the Prince or, The Meditorial Dominion of Jesus Christ (1881)
http://archive.org/details/messiahtheprince00symiuoft
Symington, William, Messiah the Prince or, The Mediatorial Dominion of Jesus Christ
http://www.reformed.org/eschaton/symington/index.html
Symington, William, Messiah the Prince or, The Mediatorial Dominion of Jesus Christ
http://reformedchurchpublications.org/messiah_the_prince_by_william_symington.htm

*Symington, William (1795-1862), Nature and Obligation of Public Vows; With an Explanation and Defense of the British Covenants, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
"More from the author of the classic MESSIAH THE PRINCE OR, THE MEDIATORIAL DOMINION OF JESUS CHRIST. A lecture excerpted from the book LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION, edited by Andrew Symington." -- Publisher
Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

*Symington, William (1795-1862), On the Atonement and Intercession of Jesus Christ, 1854. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #20.
"This is the companion volume to Symington's classic MESSIAH THE PRINCE OR, THE MEDIATORIAL DOMINION OF JESUS CHRIST. In part one, we find an extensive work comparing differing views regarding the nature, necessity, matter, value, extent, and result of the atonement. Part two deals with the reality, nature, matter, properties and results of the intercessory work of Christ. Encouraging and precise. Over 300 pages." -- Publisher
On the Atonement and Intercession of Jesus Christ (1836), William Symington
http://archive.org/details/onatonementandi02symigoog
Nave's Topical Bible -- Christ, Prayers of
http://bible.crosswalk.com/Concordances/naves-topical-bible/ntb.cgi?number=T2807

Thomson, George, An Essay Upon Christ's Mediatory Kingdom, its Nature and Extent, the Subordination or Dependence That the Kingdoms of the World Have Upon it, or Their Connection With Religion . . . With Several Extracts From Thomas Goodwin, Dr. Reynolds, and Gillespie, . . . By George Thomson, . . . Glasgow, 1795.

Tisdall, William, A Seasonable Enquiry Into That Most Dangerous Political Principle of the Kirk in Power, viz. That the Right of Dominion in the Prince, and the Duty of Allegiance in his Presbyterian Subjects, are founded upon the prince's being a subject of what they call, Christ's Kingdom of Presbytery: or, Upon his Professing and Maintaining the Presbyterian Religion.

*VanderKemp (Van der Kemp), Johannes, The Christian Entirely the Property of Christ, in Life and Death: Exhibited in Fifty-three Sermons on the Heidelberg Catechism, ISBN: 9781142354152 1142354156. See: "all editions" in WorldCat.org.
The Christian Entirely the Property of Christ in Life and Death (Free download, Kindle format)
http://archive.org/details/christianentire00kempgoog

*Willson, James McLeod (1809-1866), Bible Magistracy: or, Christ's Dominion Over the Nations: With an Examination of the Civil Institutions of the United States, 1842. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #12.
"A Covenanter examination of the Biblical doctrine of the Kingship of Christ and the Civil Magistrate. Written in 1842 by James McLeod Willson, the son of James Renwick Willson, this book also contains a critique of the United States' Constitution in Light of Scripture." -- Publisher
Willson, James McLeod, Bible Magistracy
http://archive.org/details/BibleMagistracyChristsDominionOverTheNations
Willson, James McLeod, Bible Magistracy
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/6/29/bible-magistracy-or-christs-dominion-over-the-nations-with-an-examination-of-the-civil-institutions-of-the-united-states

*Willson, James Renwick (1780-1853), Prince Messiah's Claims to Dominion Over all Governments: and the Disregard of His Authority by the United States in the Federal Constitution, 1832. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (PRINCE MESSIAH'S CLAIMS TO DOMINION, PDF and MP3) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #12, #13, #25.
"Why treat thus all religion? Why disfranchise, by a solemn act the church of the living God? Is the benevolent, pure, holy, heaven born religion of Emmanuel, hostile to the happiness of the republic? Shall commerce, agriculture, the arts, literature -- all the other lawful pursuits, be countenanced, fostered, protected, and established on as permanent a basis, as possible and the true religion be put under the ban of the empire? But they say, let religion alone. Do they, however, adopt the laissez nous faire, in relation to manufactures and trade? No. We cherish all, but respecting the advancement of religion, Congress shall never do any thing. When the child is born, were the father and mother to say, laissez l'infant faire -- leave the babe to itself -- would that lie to act as a nursing father and mother? Surely no. There must be a far different kind of constitution among the nations, when the promise is fulfilled, that 'Kings shall be nursing fathers.' God Almighty says, in the text quoted above, that civil rulers shall nurse the church -- the Constitution says they shall not. Which is right? 'Ah! sinful nation, laden with iniquity.' God spares thee for the sake of his redeemed, that his moral subjects on earth may be, by the gospel of his Son, reclaimed from sin and rebellion -- that on the earth, through his own holy religion, he may expatiate the glories of redemption. The Constitution says religion shall be discountenanced by the Congress of the United States." -- James Renwick Willson
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath be kindled but a little. (Psalm 2:12). This book will go a long way to exposing the fact, as Willson writes, that 'ungodly men have occupied, and do now occupy, many of the official stations, in the government,' and that 'Tyrants are yet on their thrones, and unholy republics refuse to acknowledge Him (Christ -- RB), as Lord of all'." -- Publisher
Willson, James Renwick, Prince Messiah's Claims to Dominion Over all Governments
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/24/prince-messiahs-claims-to-dominion-over-all-governments-and-the-disregard-of-his-authority-by-the-united-states-in-the-federal-constitution

*Willson, James Renwick (1780-1853), The Subjection of Kings and Nations to Messiah, 1820. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #13, #29.
"A lengthy sermon of 64 pages preached Dec. 6, 1819. Based on the text: All Kings shall bow down before him: all nations shall serve him. (Psalm 72:11). Maintains that this text refers to a commanded duty, concerning Christ not Solomon, and should be translated Let all kings bow down before him: Let all nations serve him. Explains this national duty, inquires as to how it is to be nationally preformed, then proceeds to make practical application of the subject. Shows that nations have a duty, as nations, to bind themselves to Christ by covenant, to consecrate themselves to Him, to swear allegiance to Him (as their King and Lord), and to obey all His holy law! Furthermore, Willson maintains that it is a great sin for nations to remain in rebellion against Christ by not performing these duties. He also demonstrates how and why a high-handed sin of this nature brings corporate guilt upon the nation. Moreover, this sin provokes God to wrath (as seen in an escalation of national calamities), until the day, barring repentance, that the national 'cup of wrath' overflows. Also contains helpful direction regarding the individual's social responsibility as a Christian in times of national corporate defection from Christ's crown and covenant (i.e in times exactly like those that we live in)." -- Publisher
The Subjection of Kings and Nations to Messiah, 1820
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/james-r-willsons-sermon-on-subjection-of-kings-and-nations-to-messiah

Willson, James Renwick (1780-1853), The Written Law: or, The Law of God Revealed in the Scriptures by Christ as Mediator: The Rule of Duty to Christian Nations in Civil Institutions.
Willson, James Renwick, The Written Law, or The Law of God Revealed in the Scriptures, by Christ as Mediator; The Rule of Duty to Christian Nations to Civil Institutions
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/james-r-willsons-sermon-on-the-written-law
Covenanter and Reformed Presbyterian Pamphlets
http://www.covenanter.org/pamphlets/

Willson, James Renwick (1780-1853), and Gordon J. Keddie, Political Danger: Essays on the Mediatorial Kingship of Christ Over Nations and Their Political Institutions 1809-1838, ISBN: 9781884527302 1884527302.

*Wylie, James Aiken (1808-1890), The Papacy is the Antichrist, 1888. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #13 (and 14,15,16,17,18).
"Classic Protestant Historicism demonstrating why both futurism and preterism are hermeneutically flawed.
"This book contains the classic teaching of the Protestant Reformation regarding Antichrist (an integral part of that Reformation, we might add -- as all the Reformed creeds and confessions attest). The easy reading format and style make this book an ideal introduction to this topic." -- Publisher
The Papacy is the Antichrist (1 of 3), (1888), Reformation Eschatology by J.A. Wylie [audio file]
"This sermon quickly climbed to the #2 spot (for the day), on Sermon Audio (out of 16,620 sermons).
"Brief Overview: Contains the teaching of Scripture and the Protestant Reformation (Historicism) exposing the Papacy as the Antichrist or 'that Man of Sin.' The original WCF [1646] even applied 666 to the Papacy. This doctrine was an integral part of the Reformation as all the Reformed creeds, covenants, and confessions attest.
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonID=111502234113
The Papacy is the Antichrist (2 of 3), (1888), Reformation Eschatology by J.A. Wylie [audio file]
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonID=111702165824
The Papacy is the Antichrist (3 of 3), (1888), Reformation Eschatology by J.A. Wylie [audio file]
http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonID=111702212150
The Papacy is the Antichrist, J.A. Wylie, a free PDF
http://www.historicism.net/readingmaterials/thepapacy.pdf

*Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), Story of the Covenant and the Service of the Covenanters to the Reformation in Christendom and the Liberties of Great Britain, 1880. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"A fine historical introduction to the battle for Godly government and liberty against the forces of anti-Christian bondage (to national sin and Satanic deception). The Covenanters are responsible, more than any other group historically, for maintaining 'the crown rights of King Jesus' -- even at peril of severe torture and the loss of their earthly lives. Their covenanting principles are still the purest and most faithful form of Christianity known to man, and the revival of these eminently Biblical views are a sure hope for the future! For a more extensive 'Cameronian' treatment of this subject: Howie's SCOTS WORTHIES." -- Publisher

Wylie, Samuel Oliver, Messiah's Royal Beauty Seen by the Saints: A Discourse Preached in the First Reformed Presbyterian Church (Sullivan Street), New York, on Sabbath Evening, September 16th, 1860, After the Dispensation of the Lord's Supper.

Young, Thomas (1587-1655), Dies Dominica, 1672.

See also: The incarnation of our lord (the deity of the lord jesus christ), The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), Pride, ambition, self-aggrandizement, arrogance, ego, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, The glory of the lord jesus christ, The inspiration and infallibility of scripture (the doctrine of revelation, the doctrine of plenary inspiration, the doctrine of divine inspiration, the doctrine of verbal inspiration, theopneustia, sufficiency of scripture), The ten commandments: the moral law, The commandments of christ, Judges, Psalm 2, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Nahum, Matthew, Revelation, The covenant faithfulness of god, Lordship of jesus christ, Christ's kingdom, Trusting god, The all-sufficiency of christ, The history of reformation of the church, The duty of nations, Covenant theology and the ordinance of covenanting, The covenant of redemption, History "his-story," Christ's influence on western civilization, A theological interpretation of american history, The mediatorial reign of christ: the crown rights of christ, An introduction to the covenanted reformation, The covenanted reformation, The covenanted reformation of scotland background and history, The national covenant, God's deliverance of nations, The solemn league and covenant, The westminster confession of faith (1646), (westminster standards) and related works, Unity and uniformity in the visible church: unity in the truth, The covenanted reformation author/title listing, Biography of covenanters, The one and the many, Individual responsibility for corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Confession of national sin and covenant renewal, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Treason and impeachment, Covenanting in america, The scottish covenanting struggle, alexander craighead, and the mecklenburg declaration, David steele (1803-1887) and the reformed presbytery of north america, Testimony, testimony-bearing, The reformed presbytery of america, and other smaller reformed associations, Acts of faithful assemblies, National establishment of religion: establishmentarianism, The second coming, parousia, and escatological coming of christ, and the preterist, futurist, and historical approaches to the apocalypse, Politics, Church and state, Sermons preached before governing bodies, Justice, the theology of judgment, god's final judgment, the great white throne judgment, the day of the lord, Bible magistracy, Justifying faith, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Conscience, casuistry, cases of conscience, Forgiveness, Sanctification, Hope, Heaven, Systematic theology, Calvinism, The religion of secular humanism: man as god, human autonomy, Conspiracy, corruption, organized crime, Toleration, liberty of conscience, pluralism, "religious freedom," and neutrality, Reform, state sovereignty, and corporate immunity: reform of corporations, Political and economic freedom, Politics and economics, Biblical economics, Slavery, our systems of enslavement, economic enslavement, Power, Authority, Power religion, Secret societies, ungodly alliances, voluntary associations, Oaths, ensnaring vows, promises, and covenants, bonds with the ungodly, Unfaithful reformed ministries, Churches that abuse, Priestcraft, pharisaism, soul-stealing, Pseudo-christian movements: a selection of works, Glory in iniquity, the temptation of vainglory, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), Idolatry, syncretism, Sexual wholeness, Rebellion and lawlessness: wickedness, demonic possession, substance abuse, abnormal behavior, insanity, mental illness, mental retardation, Arminianism, Caveats, and so forth, and so on.
TCRB5: 692, 695, 701, 702, 707, 708, 710, 715, 716, 718, 726, 735, 872, 873, 1229, 1355, 1368, 1463, 2012, 2152, 2483, 2619, 2731, 2732, 2863, 2977, 2979, 3014, 3078, 3117, 3360, 3364, 3421, 3807, 3838, 3849, 4123
TETB: Kingdom, 3. Eternal Kingdom of God and Christ . . .

Related Weblinks

Christ the King of All
http://www.bright.net/~covvie/king.html

Christ the Mediator (FGB #183)
Christ the Mediator of the new Covenant, Watson, Thomas (1620-1686) | Of Christ the Mediator, London Baptist Confession 1689 | Of Christ's Offices in General, Boston, Thomas (1676-1732) | Mediator of the Covenant Described in His Person, Nature, Whitaker, William (1548-1595) | A Mediator, Spurgeon, C.H. (1834-1892) | Fullness of the Mediator, Gill, John (1697-1771)
https://www.chapellibrary.org/book/ctmefg/christ-the-mediator

The Historicism Research Foundation
http://www.historicism.net

The Mediatorial Reign of Christ Homepage
http://www.covenanter.org/MediatorialReign/mediatorialreign.htm

Nave's Topical Bible -- Christ, Prayers of
http://bible.crosswalk.com/Concordances/naves-topical-bible/ntb.cgi?number=T2807

Nave's Topical Bible -- Commandments
http://bible.crosswalk.com/Concordances/naves-topical-bible/ntb.cgi?number=T1189

Nave's Topical Bible -- Kingship of Christ
http://bible.crosswalk.com/Concordances/naves-topical-bible/ntb.cgi?number=T2806

Nave's Topical Bible -- Precepts of Jesus, Explicitly Stated, or Implied in Didactic Discourse
https://www.biblestudytools.com/concordances/naves-topical-bible/commandments.html

Nave's Topical Bible -- Prophecies Concerning Universality of the Kingdom of Christ
http://bible.crosswalk.com/Concordances/naves-topical-bible/ntb.cgi?number=T2806

Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism

The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration
http://www.lettermen2.com/craig.html

The Treasury of David, Psalm 93, C.H. Spurgeon
Thy throne is established of old: thou art from everlasting. (Psalm 93:2)
"It is the Psalm of Omnipotent Sovereignty: Jehovah, despite all opposition, reigns supreme. Possibly at the time this sacred ode was written, the nation was in danger from its enemies, and the hopes of the people of God were encouraged by remembering that the Lord was still King. What sweeter and surer consolation could they desire?" -- C.H. Spurgeon
http://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps093.php

The Treasury of David, Psalm 99, C.H. Spurgeon
The king's strength also loveth judgment; thou dost establish equity, thou executest judgment and righteousness in Jacob. (Psalm 99:4)
"This may be called THE SANCTUS, or, THE HOLY, HOLY, HOLY PSALM, for the word 'holy' is the conclusion and the refrain of its three main divisions. Its subject is the holiness of the divine government, the sanctity of the mediatorial reign." -- C.H. Spurgeon
http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps099.php

The United States Constitution and Classic Verses National Establishments of Religion (Appendix B). Found in BIBLICAL CIVIL GOVERNMENT VERSUS THE BEAST; AND, THE BASIS FOR CIVIL RESISTANCE. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
"Hence it ought to be observed that something remarkable is here demanded from princes, besides an ordinary profession of faith; for the Lord has bestowed on them authority and power to defend the Church and to promote the glory of God. This is indeed the duty of all; but kings, in proportion as their power is greater, ought to devote themselves to it more earnestly, and to labor in it more diligently." -- John Calvin, Commentary on Isaiah (1550).
http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/6/29/national-establishments-of-religion



Covenant Theology and the Ordinance of Covenanting

See the Theological Notes: "God's Covenant of Grace" at Genesis 12:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

Know therefore that the Lord thy God, He is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep His commandments to a thousand generations. (Deuteronomy 7:9)

Nothing so much distinguished our ancestors, as their public covenanting with God. Divinely assured, that, in the days of Moses, Joshua, Asa, Joash, Josiah, and Nehemiah, the Hebrews had, with his approbation, thus dedicated themselves and their seed to the Lord. Convinced that public covenanting is no where, in the sacred page, represented as a ceremonial service, and so must be equally lawful under the New dispensation as under the old. Convinced that it was expressly promised to take place under the Gospel [Isaiah 19:18,21]; and, with apostolic approbation, was probably practiced in the Macedonian church [2 Corinthians 8:5]. Convinced, that if subjects, on proper occasions, may enter into a solemn association and bond, to promote the service, honor, and safety of their Sovereign, the professed subjects of Jesus Christ, may, in a social manner, devote themselves to promote his interest and honor. Convinced, that if a number of purchasers at once may take out a charter fort their property, wherein they constitute themselves and their heirs the vassals of a Prince, Duke or Lord; there can be nothing unreasonable if a number of men take hold of the everlasting covenant, and God in it, for their God, and the God of their seed; and hereon devote themselves and posterity to be his honorable vassals and servants. Convinced, that if one man may solemnly devote himself to his Maker, hundreds, nay, thousands, may do so together; convinced, that if one, or more, may in baptism surrender his seed to the Lord, a whole nation may surrender their posterity to him; -- therefore they did so in their public covenants. -- Alway supposing such vows good in their matter, plain in their form, seasonable in their juncture, and taken in truth, judgment, and righteousness, our ancestors were convinced, the three first precepts of the moral law approved thereof. The first requires us to avouch the Lord to be our God; -- why may not a number do this together? The second enjoins our receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, the ordinances of God's worship; -- why may we not vow to be faithful to this trust, and to cleave to the Lord? Especially, when the third requires us to swear by his name, and vow to the mighty God of Jacob. -- John Brown (of Haddington, 1722-1787)

Calvin's Commentary on Psalm 89:1-52
I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant. (v. 3)
Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations. (v. 4)
And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints. (v. 5)
For who in the heaven can be compared unto the LORD? who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the LORD? (v. 6)
God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him. (v. 7)
O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee? (v. 8)
Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: they shall walk, O LORD, in the light of thy countenance. (v. 15)
In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy righteousness shall they be exalted. (v. 16)
For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our king.(v. 18)
http://www.biblestudyguide.org/comment/calvin/comm_vol10/htm/xxiv.htm

Incline your ear, and come unto me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, even the sure mercies of David. (Isaiah 55:3)

As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever. (Isaiah 59:21)

See the Theological Notes: "The Kingdom of God," at Luke 17:20 in The Reformation Study Bible.

See the Theological Notes: "The Humble Obedience of Christ," at John 5:19 in The Reformation Study Bible.

See the Theological Notes: "The Church," at Ephesians 2:19 in The Reformation Study Bible.

See the Theological Notes: "The Sacraments," at Matthew 28:19 in The Reformation Study Bible.

For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people. (Hebrews 8:10)

See the Theological Notes: "Heaven," at Revelation 21:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it. (Nehemiah 9:38)

Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth upon them. And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers. And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law of the LORD their God one fourth part of the day; and another fourth part they confessed, and worshipped the LORD their God.
Then stood up upon the stairs, of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried with a loud voice unto the LORD their God. Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said,
Stand up and bless the LORD your God for ever and ever:
And blessed be thy glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise. Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.
Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham; And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous:
And didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea; And shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land: for thou knewest that they dealt proudly against them. So didst thou get thee a name, as it is this day. And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters. Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar; and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go.
Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments: And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant: And gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and promisedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give them.
But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments, And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.
Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations; Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go. Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst. Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.
Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan. Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it. So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the land, that they might do with them as they would. And they took strong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all goods, wells digged, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness.
Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations. Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, who vexed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours, who saved them out of the hand of their enemies.
But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee: therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies; And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments (which if a man do, he shall live in them), and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear. Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands. Nevertheless for thy great mercies' sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God.
Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day. Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly: Neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou didst testify against them. For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works.
Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it: And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress. And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it.
(Nehemiah 9:1-38)

The prophets are advocates for God in a covenantal lawsuit. For their arguments for the continued obligation of covenantal faithfulness and the hope of God's covenantal faithfulness see:

  • Isaiah, a covenant prosecutor,
  • Jeremiah's theme of judgment for covenant breaking,
  • The themes of the wrath, severity, covenant faithfulness, trustworthiness, and ultimate goodness of God in the book of Lamentations,
  • Ezekiel's message of judgment against Israel, then judgment against foreign nations, and then grace and mercy to Israel, and the themes of the holiness, transcendence, grace, mercy, and sovereignty of God along with individual responsibility,
  • Daniel, the covenant head, with his theme of the absolute sovereignty of God in the affairs of man,
  • Hosea's theme of covenant relationship,
  • Joel's themes of covenant, the day of the Lord, and repentance unfeigned,
  • Amos furthering the prosecution's case for the covenantal lawsuit with themes of idolatry and social injustice,
  • The emphasis on God's sovereign justice by Obadiah,
  • Jonah's themes of the sovereignty of God and the universality of God's goodness,
  • The themes of Micah, covenant relationship, salvation is of the Lord, the church rebellious and perverse, and judgment followed by restoration,
  • Nahum's theme of God's government of history according to his covenant,
  • Habakkuk, the forefather of the Reformation, and his themes of God is sovereign in history and persistence in prayer,
  • Zephaniah's themes of covenant, the day of the Lord, and the restorative nature of God's wrath,
  • Haggai's theme of covenant,
  • Zechariah's themes of the presence, kingship and deliverance of God and Christ, and Christ dwelling among his people, and
  • Malachi, another advocate of God in the covenant lawsuit, with his themes of the continued obligation of covenantal faithfulness, and hope.
  • I do judge, and in conscience believe, that no power on earth can absolve, and liberate the people of God from the bonds and sacred ties of the oath of God. I am persuaded that Asa acted warrantably, in making a law, that the people should stand to the covenant, in receiving into the covenant such as were not of his kingdom, 2 Chron. 15:9,10 [2 Chronicles 15:9,10]. -- Samuel Rutherford (1600-1661), Testimony to the Covenanted Work of Reformation

    Hear, O you ends of the earth; the mighty God, the Lord has spoken: Gather My saints unto Me, those who have made a covenant with Me by sacrifice (Psalm 50:1, 5). Behold, I establish My covenant between Me and you (Genesis 17:7). By My holiness have I sworn that I will be your covenant Friend. I lift up My hand to heaven. I swear I live forever, and because I live you shall live also (John 14:9). I will be yours (Jeremiah 32:38-40), your for all intents and purposes, your refuge and your rest (Jeremiah 50:6; Psalm 90:1; Psalm 46:1), your patron and your portion (Psalm 73:26; Isaiah 25:4-5), your heritage and your hope, your God and your guide (Psalm 48:14). While I have, you shall never lack; and what I am to Myself, I will be to you (Psalm 34:9-10). You shall be My people, a chosen generation, a kingdom of priests, a holy nation, a peculiar treasure unto Me above all people (Exodus 19:5-6; 1 Peter 2:9). I call heaven and earth to witness this day that I take you for Mine forever. My name shall be upon you, and you shall be pillars in the temple of your God, and shall go out no more (Revelation 3:12). -- Joseph Alleine (1634-1668)

    A doctrine once held to be important by early Presbyterians and most Puritans that, today, is largely forgotten and even held in disrepute is social or national covenanting. The Presbyterians of the First and Second Reformation periods of Scotland were so dedicated to socio-religious covenanting as a biblical tool for reformation and solidifying national religious attainments that they came to be called Covenanters. They took seriously Jesus' command to disciple whole nations (cf. Matthew 28:18-20). They believed that this Commission is not fulfilled until every nation bows the knee to Christ and covenants with Him. The Puritans understood that the Bible presents Israel, including its covenant and covenant law code (excluding any laws that have been abrogated or set out of gear by the death of Christ), as a model for all nations (cf. Deuteronomy 4:5-8). The gospel of Jesus Christ is to transform individuals and even whole cultures and nations. It should result in progressive sanctification in society as people learn all that Christ has commanded. When the majority of people are committed to the Lord, they will formally recognize the Redeemer in their constitutions; will establish the true Christian religion on a national and local level; and will seek to base all their laws on the law of God revealed in Scripture.
    In the book Rev. Schwertley not only sets forth the biblical case for social or national covenanting in a simple, organized and comprehensive manner, but also critiques the modern Presbyterian alternative to the original Presbyterian teaching on this and related topics. -- Publisher, National Covenanting and Christ's Victory Over the Nations

    Traditionally, law was never construed as legalist. It was always construed as a result of covenant. If we can define the word covenant as bond, that lovely four letter word, b-o-n-d, then it's a relationship, it's a solidarity with God or with another person. And from that relationship flows duty. So we can think of convent as that marvelous combination of promise and duty. And so I really see law as a response to a relationship. -- Joseph Kickasola

    Pray against the power of your lusts by calling on the gospel covenant. God was not bound by the first covenant to stir a foot for man's help. Man by his own accord went over into the Devil's camp. He deserted God, and chose a new lord. And God may have left him there, without offering any help for his rescue from his rebellion, as he did in leaving the fallen angels without a Savior. It was only by free grace that God undertook the recovery of men through the gospel covenant. So then, if you are a covenanter with God by accepting the terms on which God offers to save us in the gospel covenant -- that is by faith and repentance -- then call upon God to remember His covenant, and to cause you to renounce your sins, those armies of lusts which war against your soul. Then you shall find that those with you are greater than those that are against you, that sin shall no more have dominion over you." Why? Because you are not under law, but under grace, -- Romans 6:14. That is, you are not under the law covenant which God made with Adam, but are under the gospel covenant that God made with the Second Adam, Christ, and through Him to all believers. Oh, how many lose their prayers against sin because they do not have the gospel covenant to plead against them! They do not stand in federal relation to God, and they do not take care to get into it. -- William Gurnall (1617-1679)

    Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is wellpleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. (Hebrews 13:20,21)

    Anderson, John, and W.C. Brownlee, A Catechism, Setting Forth the Principles of Public Covenanting as it is Practiced in the Session Church (1889). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "On covenanting the preface perceptively notes, 'In this exercise the covenanter engages to no new duty but declares upon oath that he believes the doctrine and practice of this church to be the very truth of God, and engages in the strength of promised grace to continue faithful to Christ and his cause. The unrest and spirit of change that moves the church of today is the chief reason why this ordinance is so much opposed. It carries with it a certainty of knowledge, a fixedness of principle, and steadfast in profession that is counter to the Spirit of our times. A declining church is not a covenanting one; it (covenanting -- RB), has only been practiced by those churches that were seeking to hold that to which they had attained.' A concise and easy-to-read introduction to covenanting. 88 pages." -- Publisher

    Anonymous, The Case of the Accommodation, 1671, 134 pages. Alternate title: THE CASE OF THE ACCOMMODATION LATELY PROPOSED BY THE BISHOP OF DUMBLANE, TO THE NON-CONFORMING MINISTERS EXAMINED: WHEREIN ALSO THE ANTIENT PROSTASIA, OR EPISCOPUS PRAESES, IS CONSIDERED; AND THE SOLEMNE LEAGUE AND COVENANT OCCASIONALLY VINDICAT. TOGETHER WITH A COPY OF THE TWO LETTERS HEREIN REVIEWED. WHEREUNTO ALSO IS SUBJOINED AN APPENDIX. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "This title has been attributed to Robert M'Ward [McWard]." -- Publisher

    Anonymous, A Letter: Wherein the Scriptural Grounds and Warrants for the Reformation of Churches by way of Covenant, are Succinctly Considered and Cleared. In Opposition to Some, who, of late, have too boldly (and yet without Censure), vented their heterodox Notions against our solemn and sacred National Covenants. By a Welwisher to a Covenanted Reformation, 1727.

    Anonymous, National Covenanting for Reformation Defended: Wherein Particularly, the National, and Solemn League and Covenants of These Lands . . . Are Vindicated From the Unjust Calumny and Reproach Cast Upon Them, by Mr. Smith . . . in a pamphlet intitled, An account of the form and order of the Church of God, &c. Published, 1765. By a remnant, who, . . . are still endeavouring to bear witness to, and contend for Scotland's covenanted reformation.
    See: Smith, James, The Defence of National Covenanting, Non-toleration, and Sword of Steel, for Reformation Under the New Testament, by Mr. Flocker, &c. shewed to be insufficient: and the doctrine in the tract, intitled "A compendious account of the church of God, taken from Holy Scripture only, established.

    Baker, J. Wayne, Heinrich Bullinger and the Covenant: The Other Reformed Tradition, ISBN: 0821405543 9780821405543.

    Baker, J. Wayne, and Heinrich Bullinger, Covenant and Society: The Republica Christiana in the Thought of Heinrich Bullinger.

    Ball, John, A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace, 1645. Also attributed to Simeon Ash. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Barrow, Reg, Calvin, Covenanting, Close Communion and the Coming Reformation, 1996, a book review of ALEXANDER AND RUFUS . . . by John Anderson, 1862. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1, #3.
    "Shows how Calvin practiced covenanting and close communion and how the biblical view of these ordinances is intended to purify the individual, church and nation. Refutes the Popish, Independent and paedocommunion heresies -- as well as all views of open communion (so common in our day). Also argues that Arminians, anti-paedobaptists, anti-regulativists, and all those who openly violate the law of God (and are unrepentant), should be barred from the Lord's table -- as a corrective measure ordained of God for their recovery. Also demonstrates that those that would not swear to uphold the Geneva Confession (or 'human constitution,' as it was agreeable to the Word of God), of 1536 in Calvin's day were to be excommunicated and exiled from Geneva. This is Reformation History Notes number two." -- Reg Barrow
    Calvin, Covenanting and Close Communion
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/CalvinCC.htm

    Belcher, Richard P., A Comparison of Dispensationalism and Covenant Theology, 46 pages, ISBN: 0925703389 9780925703385.
    "This short work is neither a polemic for or against one or the other of these two systems. Rather a chapter is devoted to each system and then a third is used to compare the two. The author has stressed objectivity in order to aid the reader in determining his own system of theology . . ." -- GCB

    Blake, Thomas, Anthony Burgess, and Samuel Shaw, A Treatise of the Covenant of God Enterd With Man-kinde: In the Several Kindes and Degrees of it, in which the agreement and respective differences of the covenant of works and the covenant of grace, of the old and new covenant are discust. Alternate title: VINDICIæ FOEDERIS. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2.

    Bogue, Carl W., Jonathan Edwards and the Covenant of Grace.

    Boston, Thomas (1676-1732), A View of the Covenant of Grace From the Sacred Records: Wherein the parties in that covenant, the making of it, its parts conditionary and promissory, and the administration thereof, are distinctly considered. Together with the trial of a saving personal inbeing in it, and the way of instating sinners therein unto their eternal salvation. To which is subjoined, a memorial concerning personal and family fasting and humiliation, presented to saints and sinners. Available (THE MARROW OF MODERN DIVINITY), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE MARROW OF MODERN DIVINITY), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    Brooks, Thomas (1608-1680), Covenant of Grace. A Christian classic. Available (THE WORKS OF THOMAS BROOKS), on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Brown, John (of Haddington, 1722-1787), Our Modern Day Malignants. An excerpt from THE ABSURDITY AND PERFIDY OF ALL AUTHORITATIVE TOLERATION OF GROSS HERESY, BLASPHEMY, IDOLATRY, POPERY, IN BRITAIN. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Brown also includes a helpful section on a point some modern day malignants are once again attempting to use to overthrow the biblical attainments of the Covenanted Reformation. This section shows that 'the intrinsic obligation of promises, oaths, vows, and covenants which constitutes their very essence or essential form, is totally and manifestly distinct from the obligation of the law of God in many respects'." (p. 120) -- Publisher

    *Buchanan, James (1804-1870), The Doctrine of Justification: An Outline of its History in the Church and of its Exposition From Scripture. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #20. (ACL, DVD Five, CD #25)
    "The doctrine of justification by faith is like Atlas: it bears a world on its shoulders, the entire evangelical knowledge of saving grace." -- Publisher
    "This is still the best textbook on its subject, from the standpoint of the classic covenant theology." -- J.I. Packer

    *Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

    *Burgess, Anthony (d. 1664?), Vindiciae Legis: or, A Vindication of the Moral Law and the Covenants, From the Errors of Papists, Arminians, Socinians, and More Especially, Antinomians (1646). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    " 'A nonconformist clergyman,' Burgess 'was a member of the [Westminster] Assembly of Divines. Ejected at the Restoration . . . his works are much valued and have become very scarce.' (Darling, Cyclopedia Bibliographica, p. 439). This book contains 30 lectures preached at London 'against the antinomian errors of the times.' It is the second edition corrected and augmented. Burgess says that he wrote to 'maintain the dignitie and use of the Morall Law against late errours about it.' Taking on all the errorists listed in the subtitle Burgess also notes that he has 'endeavoured to give the Law its due, and the Gospel its due, remembering that of Luther . . . He that knoweth how to distinguish between Law and Gospel, let him give thanks to God, and know he is a Divine' [i.e. a scholar of Scripture -- RB].
    "An exceedingly rare item that sells for over $300 a copy on the rare book market. This book should be read by everyone in the Protestant Reformed church (or anyone who must deal with them), as it demolishes their (i.e. Protestant Reformed), errors concerning covenants -- especially in regard to their denial (and disregard for the biblical, 'Westminster' view), of the covenant of works. Some of its 62 chapter heads include: 'What a man cannot do by the power of nature;' 'Whether there are any antecedaneous works upon the heart before grace;' 'What does this Image [of God in man -- RB], consist;' 'Whether God did enter into a covenant with Adam;' 'How God can be said to covenant, or enter into a promise with man;' What Law this delivered in Mount Sinai is, and what kind of laws there are, and why it's called the Moral Law;' Whether this Law repeated by Moses, be the same with the law of nature implanted in us;' 'Why God gave the Moral Law;' Whether the Law be an instrument of sanctification;' 'Whether the Law be a covenant of grace;' Wherein the Law and Gospel do oppose or differ from each other; under which is handled the false differences between the Law and Gospel made by Anabaptists, Papists, and Antinomians;' 'Whether the Law command faith;' 'How Christ is the end of the Law.' Indexed." -- Publisher

    Calamy, Edmund (1600-1666), The Great Danger of Covenant-refusing, and Covenant-breaking. Alternate title: THE GREAT DANGER OF COVENANT-REFUSING, AND COVENANT-BREAKING: PRESENTED IN A SERMON PREACHED BEFORE THE RIGHT HONORABLE THOMAS ADAMS, LORD MAYOR, AND THE RIGHT WORSHIPFULL THE SHERIFFES, AND THE ALDERMEN HIS BRETHREN, AND THE REST OF THE COMMON-COUNCELL OF THE FAMOUS CITY OF LONDON, JAN. 14, 1645. UPON WHICH DAY THE SOLEMNE LEAGUE AND COVENANT WAS RENUED BY THEM. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    Vow, and pay unto the Lord your God. (Psalm 76:11a)
    When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it: for he hath no pleasure in fools; pay that which thou hast vowed.
    Better it is that thou shouldest not vow, than that thou shouldest vow and not pay.
    (Ecclesiastes 5:4,5)
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/calamy_sermon_danger_of_covenant_refusing_and_breaking.html

    *Calvin, John (1509-1564), Epistle to the Faithful Showing That Christ is the end of the law. Alternate title: CHRIST IS THE END OF THE LAW; CALVIN'S PREFACE TO OLIVETAN'S NEW TESTAMENT; PREFACE TO THE GENEVA BIBLE OF 1550; or, informally, CALVIN ON THE GOSPEL. (Not to be confused with Calvin's "The Argument on the Gospel of Jesus Christ According to Matthew, Mark, and Luke," in the front matter of CALVIN'S COMMENTARIES: MATTHEW, MARK AND LUKE [volume 16 of the Baker edition], which is [THE ARGUMENT], also sometimes referred to as CALVIN ON THE GOSPEL).
    Calvin wrote "Christ is the end of the law," in 1534, "about the year of his conversion. . . . It is his first statement of faith as a Protestant, and an eloquent defense of it." -- Joseph Haroutunian
    Therefore, it is sometimes thought of as Calvin's testimony.
    Available in Desideius Erasmus, Robert Olivetan, and John Calvin (reviser and preface), OLIVETAN'S NEW TESTAMENT.
    "The New Testament in the Latin of Erasmus' version, and in the French of Olivetan, revised by Calvin."
    Also available in English and somewhat abridged in Jean Calvin (1509-1564), and T. Weedon (translator), Christ the end of the law: Being the Preface to the Geneva Bible of 1550.
    Calvin (1509-1564), Jean, and T. Weedon (translator), Christ the End of the Law: Being the Preface to the Geneva Bible of 1550 (1850)
    https://archive.org/details/christendlawbei00calvgoog
    Also available in another English translation in John Calvin (1509-1564), and Joseph Haroutunian (editor, translator), CALVIN: COMMENTARIES. This is a single volume in the Library of Christian Classics Series (Volume 23). It is composed of "Extracts from Calvin's commentaries topically arranged.
    "The present text, from the Opera, C.R. 9, pp. 791 f., contains additions Calvin made after 1534."
    John Calvin (1509-1564), and Joseph Haroutunian (translator), Epistle to the Faithful Showing that Christ is the end of the law
    http://books.google.com/books?id=NJ7UJGX8otkC&pg=PA58&dq=calvin+preface+Pierre+Robert+Oliv%C3%A9tan%E2%80%99s+French+translation+of+the+New+Testament#v=onepage&q=calvin%20preface%20Pierre%20Robert%20Oliv%C3%A9tan%E2%80%99s%20French%20translation%20of%20the%20New%20Testament&f=false

    *Cameron, Richard (1648-1680), God Defends His Covenanted Remnant. Available (MP3) on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Cameron, the 'lion of the Covenant,' had to travel to Holland to receive ordination at the hands of two of Samuel Rutherford's former students, McWard and Brown of Wamphray (who were earlier exiled to the Netherlands for faithfulness to Christ's cause). Cameron could not be ordained in Scotland due to the fact that all the other 'presbyterian' ministers remaining in Scotland had defected from the covenanted cause. But Cameron (as Elijah and others before him), persevered, as the church is often brought to such extremities concerning her public testimony. Holding to the attainments won at Westminster and in the Solemn League and Covenant, Cameron refused to yield an inch of the blood bought ground he occupied. He was later joined by a second minister, Donald Cargill, and both were eventually martyred for their unwillingness to 'sell' even the least of the church's covenanted attainments (Prov. 23:23 [Proverbs 23:23]). He was said to be a powerful preacher and this sermon gives us a glimpse of what it must have been like to hear him. It covers numerous topics but focuses on Christ's victory in His church and God's anger against those who oppose his faithful servants. It contains a testimony against unlawful civil rulers and against Scotland's national apostasy (and covenant breaking). It also defends the use of defensive arms, the testimony of the Scottish martyrs during the killing times and some of the specific attainments of the Covenanted Reformation. Here again we get a taste of Covenanter field preaching in days of great persecution. This sermon is read (by Ruling Elder Lyndon Dohms), from the book SERMONS IN TIMES OF PERSECUTION IN SCOTLAND, BY SUFFERERS FOR THE ROYAL PREROGATIVES OF JESUS CHRIST." -- Publisher

    Clemens, R.E., Prophecy and Covenant, 1965.

    Colquhoun, John, A Treatise on the Covenant of Works, 1821.

    Copeland, E. Clark, The Church a Covenant Community as Seen in the Jerusalem Council, 1967.

    *Cunningham, John (1819-1893), The Ordinance of Covenanting, 1843. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #3, #27.
    "This book is considered by many as the classic work on covenanting. 'The theology of Covenanting is here unfolded with a richness of scriptural research and a maturity of intellectual strength which would have made the grey eye of Peden glisten with delight. The treatise is a valuable addition to that solid theological literature of which the Reformed Presbyterian Church has produced repeated and enduring specimens, and stamps Mr. Cunningham as a distinguished disciple of the thoughtful and scriptural school of Mason and the Symingtons.' (Presbyterian Review [1844] as cited by Johnston, Treasury of the Scottish Covenant)
    "The author himself notes that 'prayer and the offering of praise are universally admitted to be duties of religion. The Scriptures announce a place among these for the exercise of solemn Covenanting . . . What the word of God unfolds concerning it, is addressed to the most resolute consideration of all, and is capable of engaging the most extensive and prolonged investigation. And yet, though none have found this subject, like all God's judgements, else than a great deep, still in meditating upon it, the ignorant have been brought to true knowledge, and the wise have increased in wisdom. The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant. (Psalm 25:14). Mutual federal engagements, concerning things religious and civil, whether entered into merely by simple promise, or confirmed by the solemn oath, have been made from the highest antiquity to the present. The hostility to some such engagements, and also the proud disregard for their obligation, which have been evinced by some in all ages, demand a most careful examination into their nature and design . . . Furnished with the key of Scripture, approaching the subject, we are enabled to open the mysteries in which ignorance and prejudice had shut it up; and equipped with the armour of light shooting forth its heavenly radiance, in safety to ourselves we assail the darkness thrown around it, and behold the instant flight of the spirits of error which that darkness contains. Standing alone in beauteous attractions descended from heaven upon it, this service beckons us to approach it, and engages to connect extensive good with a proper attention to its claims. The observance, under various phases, is described in Scripture as an undisputed and indisputable reality.'
    "In this book Cunningham exhaustively covers the subject of covenanting in over 400 pages. He deals with the manner, duty and nature of covenanting (including personal and social covenanting), the obligation covenanting confers, how covenanting is provided for in the everlasting covenant, how it is adapted to the moral constitution of man and how it is according to the purposes of God. Numerous Divine examples are cited from Scripture and covenanting is shown to be one of the great privileges of the Christian life.
    "An interesting chapter covers 'Covenanting Enforced By the Grant of Covenant Signs and Seals;' which touches on circumcision, baptism, the Sabbath, the Priesthood, the new heart and the person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ. Furthermore, this book demonstrates how God's approbation rested upon Covenanters in former ages, how covenanting is predicted in prophecy, how it is recommended by the practice of the New Testament Church and at what seasons it is appropriate. The appendices touch on the relationship of covenanting to immoral and unscriptural civil governments, the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland, the British constitution and the apostasy of the Revolution settlement.
    "Additionally, Cunningham acknowledges that the true church is 'bound by the obligations of the Church of God is past times' and is still obligated to pay what it has vowed to the Lord in those magnificent attainments of the Second Reformation (the epitome of these attainments being embodied in the Solemn League and Covenant and the Westminster Standards).
    "If you are interested in the ordinance of covenanting this is the most extensive treatment you will find in one book. It is a gold mine of Scriptural references and should be read at least once by everyone who calls upon the name of Christ." -- Publisher
    "David Steele dedicated this work [NOTES ON THE APOCALYPSE -- compiler], to John Cunningham (1819-1893), author of THE ORDINANCE OF COVENANTING." -- Publisher
    The Ordinance of Covenanting
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/6/29/ordinance-of-covenanting

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Church and State, the Biblical View: A Compilation of Articles From Some of the Best Christian Minds in History. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "A compilation of articles from some of the best Christian minds in history, including Cunningham, Smeaton, M'Crie, Symington, Gillespie, the Westminster Divines, Bannerman, Owen and Shaw. This book shows that, generally speaking, the leaders of the Reformed faith have all come to substantial agreement regarding what the Scriptures teach about Christ's Kingship over the nations and the Church. Establishmentarianism is clearly seen to be the historically Reformed consensus, and this has a huge impact on the way one views both the Church and the state, in relation to Scripture." -- Publisher

    Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Discussions on Church Principles: Popish, Erastian, and Presbyterian, ISBN: 0921148232 9780921148234. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    Cunningham, Discussions on Church Principles: Popish, Erastian, and Presbyterian
    http://archive.org/details/discussionsonchu00cunnuoft

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), The Westminster Confession on the Relationship Between Church and State. Alternate title: REMARKS ON THE TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTER OF THE CONFESSION OF FAITH, AS BEARING ON EXISTING CONTROVERSIES. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    "Chapter eight excerpted from DISCUSSIONS ON CHURCH PRINCIPLES. Answers the false claims that the Westminster Divines contradicted themselves on this issue and/or that they were Erastians. Proves that changes made to the original Westminster Confession, concerning church and state issues, were in error -- clearly demonstrating why this is so." -- Publisher
    The Westminster Confession on the Relation Between Church and State, William Cunningham
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-westminster-confession-on-the-relation-between-church-and-state.php

    *Davies, Samuel (1723-1761), The Divine Government the Joy of the World. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Expands upon the reign and rule of King Jesus and the great blessings that this entails." -- Publisher
    The Divine Government the Joy of the World, Samuel Davies
    http://books.google.com/books?id=q2msGwAACAAJ&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html

    *De Graaf, Simon Gerrit, Promise and Deliverance, 4 volumes (Scarsdale, NY [Westminster Discount Book Service, P.O. Box 125H, Scarsdale 10583]: Westminster Discount Book Service, 1977). Translated from the Dutch by H. Evan Runner and Elisabeth Wichers Runner. A Christian classic.
    "A landmark in interpreting the simple stories of the Bible . . . an invaluable resource for teachers, ministers, and parents." -- Christianity Today
    "In Scripture, religion means covenant. By His Word, God called into being an order of creation culminating in man. By that Word He also gave man His favor and brought him into a life of conscious covenantal fellowship with Himself. As De Graaf himself puts it: 'Without covenant, there is no religion, no conscious fellowship between man and God, no exchange of love and faithfulness. Without the covenant, man would be just an instrument in God's hand. When God created man, He had more than an instrument in mind: He made a creature that could respond to Him. . . .'
    "This renewed insight into Biblical revelation is the perspective undergirding De Graaf's treatment of all Bible stories. It makes his book a unique presentation of God's revelation of Himself in the covenant and keeps his interpretations of the stories from degenerating into mere moralizing. Religion is not morality." -- H. Evan Runner
    "I highly recommend this book. One of the best books available." -- R.C. Sproul

    Drummond, Andrew Landale, and James Bulloch, The Scottish Church, 1688-1843: The Age of the Moderates, ISBN: 0715201867 9780715201862.

    Duncan, J. Ligon, The Covenant Idea in Ante-Nicene Theology.
    This thesis argues that the covenant idea was more significant in the writings of particular ante-Nicene theologians than has generally been admitted in patristic research or general surveys of the history of the covenant idea in the Christian tradition. Indeed, this survey of the covenant idea in the ante-Nicene period demonstrates a significant usage, development, and modification of the covenant concept as it is found in the OT and NT writings, and early Judaism. This investigation reveals that the covenant idea functions in several arenas of early Christian thought. It is employed (1) to stress moral obligations incumbent upon Christians; (2) to show God's grace in including the Gentiles in the Abrahamic blessings; (3) to deny the reception of these promises to the Israel of the flesh, that is, Israel considered merely as an ethnic entity; (4) to demonstrate continuity in the divine economy; and (5) to explain discontinuity in the divine economy. . . .
    "This study is significant for at least these following reasons. (1) It confirms current research on the Jewish matrix of early Christianity, from a vantage-point not yet exploited. (2) It reviews in greater detail the early Christian covenant thought which is now being acknowledged to have been influential on the sixteenth-century Reformers (such as Bullinger and Calvin). (3) As the first extensive patristic survey of the covenant idea, it fills a significant lacuna in the history of ideas. (4) It lays the groundwork for more detailed considerations of the covenant concept in the pre-Nicene and post-Nicene eras." -- J. Ligon Duncan
    The Covenant Idea in Ante-Nicene Theology
    http://ligonduncan.com/the-covenant-idea-in-ante-nicene-theology/
    The Covenant Idea in Ante-Nicene Theology (PDF file of thesis in full)
    https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/10618

    Erskine, Ralph (1685-1752), Christ the People's Covenant. A Sermon preached immediately before the celebration of the Lord's supper, at Dunfermline, August, 19. 1722. To which is annex'd the substance of some discourses after the sacrament, upon the same subject. By Mr. Ralph Erskine. the fourth edition, corrected and amended, Glasgow, 1739. Available in Erskine, THE SERMONS AND OTHER PRACTICAL WORKS OF THE LATE REVEREND RALPH ERSKINE, DUNFERMLINE (1865), vol. 1 of 10.
    http://archive.org/details/sermonsotherpr01ersk

    Erskine, Ralph (1685-1752), Covenanted Grace for Covenanting Work: A Sermon Preached at Stirling, December 28, 1743, in the Evening of That day, on Which the Ministers of the Associate Presbytery did, With Uplifted Hands, Solemnly Renew the National Covenants, 1865 Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    Erskine, Ralph, The Sermons and Other Practical Works of the Late Reverend Ralph Erskine, Dunfermline (1865), vol. 1
    http://archive.org/details/sermonsotherpr01ersk

    Fisher, Edward, Marrow of Modern Divinity, ISBN: 0585074550 9780585074559. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "A controversial and detailed book on covenant theology. Distinguishes the Covenant of Works from the Covenant of Grace, and embraces ideas of theonomic thought, and expounds the Ten Commandments as well." -- GCB

    Fitzgerald, David, and William Hetherington (1803-1865), A True and Brief Account of the Proceedings Between Mr. David Fitz-Gerald and William Hetherington Before His Majesty in Councel on Friday the 11th of February, 1680/81 . . .: and also the articles of the said Hetherington against Mr. Fitz-Gerald: with Mr. Fitz-Gerald's answer to each article: with six high and transcendent articles preferred by the said Mr. Fitz-Gerald against the said Hetherington, fully proved before His Majesty in councel.

    George, R.J., The Covenanter Vision, 1917. Alternate title: LECTURES IN PASTORAL THEOLOGY, THIRD SERIES: THE COVENANTER VISION. ISBN: 0524074216 9780524074213. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    Gib, Adam, Kaina kai Palaia: Sacred Contemplations: In Three Parts. I. A View of the Covenant of Works; in its Natural State, as Common to all Mankind, -- and in its Positive State, as Peculiar to our First Parents: Discovering the Singular Goodness of God, in That Positive State. II. A View of the Covenant of Grace; in the Establishment of it From Eternity, the Accomplishment of it in Time, and the Effect of it Through Eternity. III. A View of the Absolute and Immediate Dependence of all Things on God: in a Discourse Concerning Liberty and Necessity. To which is added, an appendix, containing explications of some difficulties in the work, 1786.

    *Gillespie, Patrick (1617-1675), The Ark of the Covenant Opened; or, A Treatise of the Covenant of Redemption Between God and Christ, as the Foundation of the Covenant of Grace, 1677. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "John Owen, in his preface to this treatise writes, 'I do freely declare my judgement that for order, method, perspicuity in treating, and solidity of argument, the ensuing discourse exceedeth whatsoever single treatise I have seen written with the same design.' (cited in Johnston, Treasury of the Scottish Covenant, p. 337). David Lachman tells us that 'in addition to arranging his brother's papers (published as Miscellany Questions [now found in George Gillespie's two volume Works, -- RB]), Gillespie used his materials also for the beginning of the first of a five-volume work on the covenant. Only two were published: THE ARK OF THE TESTAMENT OPENED . . . (1661) and THE ARK OF THE COVENANT OPENED . . . (1677), respectively treating the nature and kinds of covenants and the Mediator of the covenant. The third, on the condition of the covenant and the instrumentality of faith in justification, was extant in 1707, when the remaining two, respectively on the privileges and duties of the covenant, were believed lost (Analecta, I, 168-9) . . . Gillespie (was a -- RB) Covenanter, Principal of Glasgow University, and leading Protester.' (Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 382). In this volume Gillespie proves:

    1. That there is such a Covenant (of Redemption).
    2. The necessity of it.
    3. The nature, properties, and parties thereof.
    4. The tenor, articles, subject matter of Redemption.
    5. The commands, conditions, and promises annexed.
    6. The harmony of the Covenant of suretyship made with Christ, and the Covenant of reconciliation made with sinners: wherein they agree, wherein they differ.
    7. Grounds of comfort from the Covenant of suretyship; and, of course, much, much more!
    "Owen, in his preface (who also notes his long friendship with Gillespie), further underscores the importance of this work when he writes, 'For the Doctrine hereof, or the truth herein, is the very Center wherein all the lines concerning the Grace of God and our own duty, do meet; wherein the whole of Religion doth consist. Hence unto the understanding, Notions, and Conception, that men have of these Covenants with God, and according as the Doctrines of them is stated in their minds, their Conceptions of all other sacred Truths, or Doctrines, are conformed'." -- Publisher
    Ark of the Covenant Opened: Chapter 3
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/supralapsarian/pgilles_aoc_cap03.html

    *Gilmour, Robert, Samuel Rutherford: A Biographical and Historical Study in the History of the Scottish Covenant. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #10.
    "In CRITICAL REVIEWS RELATING CHIEFLY TO SCOTLAND (also in this bound photocopy section), compiled by Hay Fleming, we read, 'Mr. Gilmour has produced an excellent volume, which is worthy of being placed alongside any of its predecessors . . . Scattered throughout its pages there are numerous quotations from Rutherford's own works . . . Rutherford's admirers will relish it, because of its keen sympathy with and high appreciation of him.' Rutherfurd (sic) was a master scholar of Scripture, a great devotional writer (see his Letters), a devoted minister of Christ, one of the Scotch commissioners to the Westminster Assembly, and a world class political philosopher (whose LEX, REX forever changed the face of political thought). Gilmour writes, 'that, as regards religious fervour, scholastic subtlety of intellect, and intensity of ecclesiastical conviction, Samuel Rutherford is the most distinctively representative Scotsman in the first half of the seventeenth century.' Few saints in history were given the gifts this man possessed." -- Publisher

    Guthrie, James (1612?-1661), and Ebenezer Erskine (1680-1754), The Great Danger of Backsliding and Defection From Covenanted Reformation Principles: In a Sermon on Isaiah LVII, 13, 14 [Isaiah 57:13,14]: Preached Before the Sectaries, April 21st 1661.

    Guthrie, John (1632-1669), Covenanting and God's Blessing and Wrath. Available (MP3) on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Guthrie, John (1632-1669), A Sermon Preach'd Upon Breach of Covenant by That Reverend and Worthy Servant of Jesus Christ, Mr. John Guthrie Sometime Minister of the Gospel at Tarboltoun, 1663.

    Guthrie, William (1620-1665), Sermons of William Guthrie. Available in SERMONS DELIVERED IN TIMES OF PERSECUTION IN SCOTLAND. Available (SERMONS DELIVERED IN TIMES OF PERSECUTION IN SCOTLAND) on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    William Guthrie
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/guthrie/guthindex.html

    Guthrie, William (1620-1665), Michael Bruce, John Welwood, Richard Cameron, Donald Cargill, Alexander Peden, Alexander Shields, John Livingstone, John Welch, and John Guthrie, Sermons Delivered in Times of Persecution in Scotland, ISBN: 1899003959 9781899003952. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Hall, David W., The Practice of Confessional Subscription.
    "A unique and historical study of how various Reformed churches view adherence to their confessions. Expert theologians survey a range of traditions and practical considerations.
    "David W. Hall is the author or editor of SAVIOR OR SERVANT? PUTTING GOVERNMENT IN ITS PLACE, THE ARROGANCE OF THE MODERN, PARADIGMS IN POLITY, ELECTION DAY SERMONS, and 10 other volumes." -- Publisher

    Hay Fleming, David (1849-1931), The Story of the Scottish Covenants in Outline. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "A great short (96 pages of larger print), easy reading introduction to the covenants and the Covenanters. Tells the story of many of the Scottish religious bonds and the people and places that surrounded them. A good introductory study for homeschoolers or those that do not have time for the larger volumes covering this topic." -- Publisher
    http://archive.org/details/storyofscottishc00flemiala

    Henderson, Alexander, and William Smith, A Plea for the Protestant Faith: or, An Antidote Against the Infectious Contagion of Anti-Christian Darkness; Vended by Mr. Alexander Pirie . . . in which the morality of national covenanting is asserted, maintained, and defended; and the British martyrs vindicated, who lost their lives in the quarrel of the national covenant of Scotland, and solemn league and covenant of the three nations. Addressed to the young and rising generation. By a member of the associate session at Auchtermuchty.

    Henderson, George David, The Idea of the Covenant in Scotland, Evangelical Quarterly, 27, 1955, 1-14.

    Hendriksen, William, The Covenant of Grace, ISBN: 0801041953 9780801041952.
    "Here is an easy reading explanation of the Covenant of Grace by a master theologian and commentator. Need something to give to new members? Here it is." -- GCB

    Henry, Matthew (1662-1714), and Allan M. Harman, Matthew Henry's Unpublished Sermons on the Covenant of Grace, ISBN: 1857927966 9781857927962.

    *Hislop, Alexander (1807-1865), Christ's Crown and Covenant or National Covenanting Essentially Connected With National Revival, 1860.

    Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), A Memorial of Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27. Also available in WORKS [of Thomas Houston], DOCTRINAL AND PRACTICAL, volume 3.

    Howell, Robert Boyte C., The Covenants.
    "Originally published in 1855, this is a book on God's covenants with nine chapters covering the covenant of works, Eden, redemption, promise in Christ to Abraham, the Law, old and new covenants, and much more." -- GCB

    *Hurst, Henry, Whether Well-composed Religious Vows do not Exceedingly Promote Religion, 1661. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "A Puritan sermon on a much neglected means to spiritual victory, ecclesiastical revival, and national reformation." -- Publisher

    Karlberg, Mark W., Covenant Theology in Reformed Perspective: Collected Essays and Book Reviews in Historical, Biblical, and Systematic theology, ISBN: 1579103154 9781579103156.

    *Kerr, James (1847-1905, editor), and et al., The Covenants and the Covenanters: Covenants, Sermons, and Documents of the Covenanted Reformation, 1895, ISBN: 9781406876109 1406876100. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    "The Reformed Presbytery (in 1879), has well noted the following incongruity that is still with us today, 'We heard from various quarters the cry, 'maintain the truth, stand up for the principles of the Second Reformation:' and yet many of those who are the most loud in uttering this cry, appear desirous to bury in oblivion those imperishable national and ecclesiastical deeds, by which the church and kingdom of Scotland became 'married to the Lord.' (A Short Vindication of Our Covenanted Reformation, p. 20). This book should go a long way to remedying the above noted ignorance and hypocrisy among those who now call upon the name of the Lord especially those who claim a Reformation heritage and are still open to further growth as it spells out in no uncertain terms what lay at the heart of the Second Reformation. Moreover, these covenants (landmarks of the Lord), stand as beacons to all nations of their continuing moral duty to bind themselves to Christ (First Commandment), or suffer His avenging wrath. (Ps. 2 [Psalm 2]). And make no mistake about it, the Lord will utterly destroy all those who quarrel with His covenant bonds, whether individuals, churches or nations the mystery of iniquity will fall! The prefatory note to this magnificent volume well describes its value: The Covenants, Sermons, and Papers in this volume carry the readers back to some of the brightest periods in Scottish history. They mark important events in that great struggle by which these three kingdoms (England, Scotland and Ireland -- RB), were emancipated from the despotisms of Pope, Prince, and Prelate, and an inheritance of liberty secured for these Islands of the Sea. The whole achievements of the heroes of the battlefields are comprehended under that phrase of Reformers and Martyrs, 'The Covenanted Work of Reformation.' The attainments of those stirring times were bound together by the Covenants, as by rings of gold. The Sermons here were the product of the ripe thought of the main actors in the various scenes -- men of piety, learning, and renown. Hence, the nature, objects, and benefits of personal and national Covenanting are exhibited in a manner fitted to attract to that ordinance the minds and hearts of men. The readers can well believe the statements of Livingstone, who was present at several ceremonies of covenant-renovation: 'I never saw such motions from the Spirit of God. I have seen more than a thousand persons all at once lifting up their hands, and the tears falling down from their eyes.' In the presence of the defences of the Covenants as deeds, by these preachers, the baseless aspersions of novelists and theologians fade out into oblivion. True Christians must, as they ponder these productions, be convinced that the Covenanters were men of intense faith and seraphic fervour, and their own hearts will burn as they catch the heavenly flame. Members of the Church of Christ will be stirred to nobler efforts for the Kingdom of their Lord as they meditate on the heroism of those who were the 'chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof;' and they will behold with wonder that 'to the woman were given two wings of And Statesman will discover how princes, parliaments, and peoples united in the hearty surrender of themselves to the Prince of the kings and kingdoms of the earth; and will be aroused to promote that policy of Christian Statesmanship which, illustrating the purpose and will of God, the Father, shall liberate Parliaments and nations from the bonds of false religions, and assert for them those liberties and honours which spring from the enthronement of the Son of man, and King of kings and Lord of lords. This volume of documents of olden times is sent out on a mission of Revival of Religion, personal and national, in the present times. It would do a noble work if it helped to humble classes and masses, and led them to return as one man to that God in covenant from Whom all have gone so far away. A national movement, in penitence and faith, for the repeal of the Acts Recissory and the recognition of the National Covenants would be as life from the dead throughout the British Empire. The people and rulers of these dominions shall yet behold the brilliancy of the Redeemer's crowns; and shall, by universal consent, exalt Him who rules in imperial majesty over the entire universe of God. For, 'The seventh angel sounded, and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the Kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ.' Here we have some of the most moving sermons ever addressed to a people and their nations, given before the most solemn of occasions national covenant renewal! Alexander Henderson, Andrew Cant, Joseph Caryl, Edmond Calamy and a host of other Puritan Covenanters (even the turncoat Independent Philip Nye), are included here in easy to read modern (1895) type. Anyone interested in seeing the royal prerogatives of King Jesus once again trumpeted throughout the nations, on a national and international scale, needs this book for these men 'were setting up landmarks by which the city of God will be known at the dawn of the millennial day'." (Thomas Sproull cited in the Reformed Presbytery's Short Vindication, p. 38) -- Publisher
    "Contents: The national covenants: Introduction [Part One]. | The national covenant, or confession of faith | Exhortation to the Lords of Council | Sermon at St. Andrews / Alexander Henderson | Exhortation at Inverness / Andrew Cant | Sermon at Glasgow / Andrew Cant | Sermon at Edinburgh / Andrew Cant [Part Two]. | The solemn league and covenant | Act of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland | Exhortation at Westminster / Philip Nye | Address at Westminster / Alexander Henderson | Sermon at Westminster / Thomas Coleman | Sermon at Westminster / Joseph Caryl | Sermon at London [the first, of Sat., 30th Sept., 1643] / Thomas Case | Sermon at London [the second, of Sun., 1st Oct., 1643] / Thomas Case | An ordinance of the Lords and Commons | Exhortation by the Westminster Assembly | Sermon at London / Edmund Calamy [Part Three]. | The national covenants. Coronation sermon at Scone / Robert Douglas | Charles II, taking the covenants | The acts rescissory | The Torwood excommunication | Act against conventicles | The Sanquhar Declaration | Protestation against the Union | Secession from the revolution church."
    The Covenants and the Covenanters: Covenants, Sermons, and Documents of the Covenanted Reformation. Introduction on the National Covenants by James Kerr, 1895
    http://archive.org/details/covenantscovenan00kerr
    The Covenants and the Covenanters
    Project Gutenberg free e-text online.
    http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/19100

    Koo Jeon, Jeong, Covenant Theology: John Murray's and Meredith G. Kline's Response to the Historical Development of Federal Theology in Reformed Thought, ISBN: 0761815104 9780761830627 0761830626 9780761815105.
    "In COVENANT THEOLOGY, author Jeong Koo Jeon makes a much-needed contribution to 21st century biblical and systematic theology. He explores the debate between John Murray and Meredith G. Kline, placing their ideas in the larger context of Biblical studies that have had a direct influence on Reformed theology and evangelicalism in North America." -- Publisher

    Leith, John H., Assembly at Westminster: Reformed Theology in the Making, 1973, ISBN: 0804208859 9780804208857.

    Lumsden, John, The Covenants of Scotland, 1914. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    Includes "The Ladies Covenant."

    *Maier, Walter A., The Book of Nahum.
    "A lengthy, critical commentary in which every word of each verse is evaluated and expounded in light of the theme of the book. Very extensive." -- Cyril J. Barber

    *Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), Covenanting With God Pressed. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #5.
    "Two sermons on Psalm 119:106 printed in vol. 8 of THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON."
    "Manton notes, 'remember the great quarrel that God hath against the Christian world and all the professors of his name is about his covenant and oath taken. What is the reason God doth visit Christendom with famines, pestilences, inundations, and wars? Because they do not stand to the oath of God that is upon them. Every professor of the name of Christ, he is supposed to be in covenant with God.' This book explains our duty to covenant with God and what that means. It also shows how the blessings and cursings of the covenant come upon individuals and nations." -- Publisher
    See also:
    Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), David's Covenanting our Duty Also. Available (THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON and singly as two MP3 files), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available at archive.org, THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON.
    "Read by Elder Lyndon Dohms. Manton was a covenanted English Presbyterian (he swore the Solemn League and Covenant). He was also chosen to write the 'Epistle to the Reader' in the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (which speaks volumes as to his credibility among the preachers and scholars of his day). Sermons like this show us the great depth of the knowledge that was prevalent during the covenanting period, not only in Scotland, but in England also." -- Publisher

    Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), David's Covenanting our Duty Also. Available (THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON and singly as two MP3 files), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available at archive.org, THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON.
    "Read by Elder Lyndon Dohms. Manton was a covenanted English Presbyterian (he swore the Solemn League and Covenant). He was also chosen to write the 'Epistle to the Reader' in the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (which speaks volumes as to his credibility among the preachers and scholars of his day). Sermons like this show us the great depth of the knowledge that was prevalent during the covenanting period, not only in Scotland, but in England also." -- Publisher

    Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), Loving God by Loving his Law. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON, Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #5.
    Contents: "Twelve sermons from Psalm 119:165-176 on the love of God's Law by believers."
    Jesus said, If ye love me, keep my commandments. (John 14:15) John points out, and hereby we do know that we know him, if we keep his commandments. He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him (1 John 2:3-4). Manton uses these themes, as a departure point, relative to Psalm 119, to show the proper relationship between law, love and loving the law -- as it relates to the greatest law lover, the Lord Jesus Christ!" -- Publisher

    *Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), Psalm 119, ISBN: 0851515762. See: THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON (Volumes 1 to 11). Available (THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THOMAS MANTON), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #4.

    Marshall, John Lewis, Natural Law and the Covenant: The Place of Natural Law in the Covenantal Framework of Samuel Rutherford's "Lex, Rex."
    A dissertation. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Theological Seminary, 1995.

    *Mason, Archibald (d. 1831), Observations on the Public Covenants Betwixt God and the Church: A Discourse (1799). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    Contents: Observations on the public covenants betwixt God and the church / Archibald Mason -- Paleopresbyterianism vs. neopresbyterianism / Michael Wagner -- Permanence of covenant obligation -- The preface and bibliography to the rare bound photocopy: obligation of social covenanting -- The binding nature of national covenants with God -- The Solemn League and Covenant -- Guide for studying the Westminster Confession, in suggested order of reading -- Terms of ministerial and Christian communion in the Reformed Presbyterian Church -- Corporate sanctification: holding fast the attainments of Reformation / John Brown -- What is a moral person? How God views the church and the nations / David Scott, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton -- A hind let loose / Alexander Shields -- Of separation from corrupt churches -- Old landmarks -- confession and testimony.
    What is a Moral Person? How God Views the Church and the Nations, David Scott, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/moral.htm
    Observations on the Public Covenants, Betwixt God and the Church, -- Archibald Mason (d. 1831)
    http://archive.org/details/spiritualillumin00maso

    *McComiskey, Thomas Edward, The Covenants of Promise: A Theology of the Old Testament Covenants, ISBN: 0801061830 9780801061837 0801062004 9780801062001.
    "An assessment of Covenant Theology. One of very few book-length examinations of the structural relationship of the Old Testament covenants. The author places the covenants into the categories of promissory and administrative and opens them up to the reader from this point of view." -- GCB

    McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander (1774-1833), The Character, History, Death and Resurrection of "The Two Witnesses . . ." With an Introduction, Notes, and Extracts From Various Writers on Prophecy, 1843.

    *McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander (1774-1833), Lectures Upon the Principal (sic) Prophecies of the Revelation, 1814. Alternate title: WHO IS ANTICHRIST (666); 666: THE NUMBER OF THE BEAST; ANTICHRIST: CIVIL AND ECCLESIASTICAL; THE TWO WITNESSES, OR LECTURES UPON THE PRINCIPAL PROPHECIES OF THE REVELATION. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available (PDF and MP3 files), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (PDF and MP3 files), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #12, #13, #14, #15, and #17.
    "M'Leod, a Reformed Presbyterian, here defends (in 480 pages), classic historicist Reformation eschatology from the book of Revelation. David Steele, in his massive NOTES ON THE APOCALYPSE commends this work numerous times. Steele writes, 'the best works to be obtained as helps to understand the prophetic parts of scripture, will be found in the labors of those who, from age to age, have obeyed the gracious call of Christ' -- who have 'come out from mystic Babylon,' from the Romish communion, from the mother and her harlot daughters, and who have associated more or less intimately with the witnesses. Among these may be consulted with profit the works of Durham, Mason and M'Leod (p. 312) . . . The late Rev. Alexander M'Leod, D.D., who had the works of learned predecessors before him, has successfully corrected many of their misinterpretations in his valuable publication, entitled LECTURES UPON THE PRINCIPAL PROPHECIES OF THE REVELATION. At the time when he wrote that work, he possessed several advantages in aid of his own expositions. He had access to the most valuable works which had been issued before that date (1814). He was then in the vigor of youthful manhood; and he was also comparatively free from the trammels which in attempts to expound the Apocalypse, have cramped the energies of many a well disciplined mind, political partialities. At the time of these profound studies, he occupied a position 'in the wilderness,' from which as a stand point, like John in Patmos, he could most advantageously survey the passing scenes of providence with the ardor of youthful emotion, and with unsullied affection for his divine master . . . expressing my obligations to the Doctor's labors, to whose system of interpretation as well as to most of his details, I cheerfully give my approbation in preference to all other expositors whose works it has been in my power to consult (pp. 317-19) . . . Doctor M'Leod and Mr. Faber I consider among the best expositors of the prophecies on which they severally wrote . . . On material points they have shed much light where those who preceded them left the reader in darkness, or involved him in perplexing labyrinths. Faber preceded M'Leod, and the latter availed himself of all the aid furnished by the former; yet till the 'mystery of God shall be finished,' his people will be receiving accessions of light from the 'sure word of prophecy . . .' (p. 321). I can again cordially recommend to his attention the LECTURES of Doctor M'Leod, as the best exposition of those parts of the Apocalypse of which he treats, that has come under my notice.' (p. 324). But Steele is not shy about pointing out that 'the principal defect pervading the LECTURES, and one which most readers will be disposed to view in an opposite light, appears to be, a charity too broad, a catholicity too expansive, to be easily reconciled with a consistent position among the mystic witnesses. Their author, however, deriving much information from the learned labors of English prelates on prophecy, could not 'find in his heart' to exclude them from a place in the honorable roll of the witnesses. I am unable to recognize any of those who are in organic fellowship with the 'eldest daughter of Popery,' as entitled to rank among those who are symbolized as 'clothed in sackcloth.' The two positions and fellowships appear to be obviously incompatible and palpably irreconcilable. It is true that there have been and still are in the English establishment divines who are strictly evangelical; but the reigning Mediator views and treats individuals, as he views and treats the moral person with which individuals freely choose to associate; and we ought to have the mind of Christ. (I Cor. 2:16 [1 Corinthians 2:16], pp. 322-23, bold emphases added throughout). Notwithstanding a few shortcomings, this is probably the best book available (at present), on the book of Revelation." -- Publisher
    Lectures Upon the Principal Prophecies of the Revelation, Alexander McLeod [M'Leod]
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/17/alexander-mcleods-lectures-on-the-principal-prophecies-of-revelation
    Lectures Upon the Principal Prophecies of the Revelation
    https://archive.org/details/lecturesuponprin00mcle

    McMaster (M'Master), Gilbert (1778-1854), Ecclesiastical and National Covenanting: An Ordinance of God, 1828.

    Miller, Samuel (1769-1850), Doctrinal Integrity: The Utility and Importance of Creeds and Confessions and Adherence to Our Doctrinal Standards. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Miller deals with the necessity of written creeds and subscription to them. He shows that the principle doctrines of Scripture are proclaimed in the Westminster Standards and answers common objections against confessions. Creedalism is inescapable, thus this book is of prime importance for those interested in the purity and peace of the church. . . . Related items include: Gentry's USEFULNESS OF CREEDS or OUR REFORMATION HERITAGE." -- Publisher
    "With the turbulent decades of the 1820's and 1830's, Miller arose to defend the doctrine and order of the Westminster Standards. His most prominent statements on doctrinal purity are found in his book CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS and his open letters on "Adherence to Our Doctrinal Standards." This book contains these writings." -- GCB
    Doctrinal Integrity: The Utility and Importance of Creeds and Confessions and Adherence to our Doctrinal Standards
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/DI_ch0.htm

    Moots, Glenn A., Politics Reformed: The Anglo-American Legacy of Covenant Theology.
    "Many studies have considered the Bible's relationship to politics, but almost all have ignored the heart of its narrative and theology: the covenant. In this book, Glenn Moots explores the political meaning of covenants past and present by focusing on the theory and application of covenantal politics from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Moots demands that we revisit political theology because it served as the most important school of politics in early modern Europe and America. He describes the strengths of the covenant tradition while also presenting its limitations and dangers. Contemporary political scientists such as Eric Voegelin, Daniel Elazar, and David Novak are called on to provide insight into both the covenant's history and its relevance today. Moots's work chronicles and critiques the covenant tradition while warning against both political ideology and religious enthusiasm. It provides an inclusive and objective outline of covenantal politics by considering the variations of Reformed theology and their respective consequences for political practice. This includes a careful account of how covenant theology took root on the European continent in the sixteenth century and then inspired ecclesiastical and civil politics in England, Scotland, and America. Moots goes beyond the usual categories of Calvinism or Puritanism to consider the larger movement of which both were a part. By integrating philosophy, theology, and history, Moots also invites investigation of broader political traditions such as natural law and natural right. POLITICS REFORMED demonstrates how the application of political theology over three centuries has important lessons for our own dilemmas about church and state. It makes a provocative contribution to understanding foundational questions in an era of rising fundamentalism and emboldened secularism, inspiring readers to rethink the importance of religion in political theory and practice, and the role of the covenant tradition in particular." -- Publisher

    Murray, John (1898-1975), Covenant of Grace: A Biblico-Theological Study, ISBN: 0875523633 9780875523637.

    *Packer, J.I. (1926-2020), A Quest for Godliness: The Puritan Vision of the Christian Life, ISBN: 0891078193.
    "Packer writes of that golden age of Christian theology, when giants of the faith pursued holiness in life and practice like a hound follows a scent. Those Puritans of the 17th century (a little before and a little after), had as their aim to be fully conformed to the image of God, and to be seen at home and abroad as close imitators of Christ Jesus. . . .
    "There are lessons for us in their passion for effective action. They had no time for lazy or passive persons. They were men of action in the pure Reformed mold -- crusading activists without a jot of self-reliance; workers for God who depended utterly on God to work in and through them. . . . There are lessons for us in their program for family stability. It is hardly too much to say that the Puritans created the Christian family in the English-speaking world. The Puritan ethic of marriage was to look not for a partner whom you do love passionately at this moment, but rather one whom you can love steadily as your best friend for life, and then to proceed with God's help to do just that. . . .
    "In the introduction Packer gives his personal testimony as to how much he owes to the Puritans for his depth of knowledge, firmness of purpose, his dedication to fulfilling God's purposes in his life, and his love of the truth as revealed in the Scriptures. Because of his appreciation of this background of Puritan influence on his life, he has often written and lectured on the subject of the importance of the Puritans. Many of our freedoms and just laws can be traced to their influence on all our lives. This book contains the following themes: The Puritans in Profile; The Puritans and the Bible; The Puritans and the Gospel; the Puritans and the Holy Spirit; The Puritan Christian Life; The Puritans in Ministry. . . .
    "This reviewer would love to persuade every single reader of these words to read this book. You would get a view of Christians which would inspire you, which would perhaps lead you, which would perhaps lead you to repentance, but also to heights of spirituality you would not enjoy without them. What Packer has said about their influence on his life can be repeated almost word for word in a resume of this reviewer's life. If you want to grow in grace, and in usefulness to God's cause, read the writing of the Puritans.
    "We will repeat what we said in reviewing John Owen's THE DEATH OF DEATH IN THE DEATH OF CHRIST, that Packer's well balanced definition of Calvinism in the introduction to that volume is by far the best we have seen in 42 years of intensive reading. And that superb piece appears in this volume in full, which alone is worth the price of this book.
    "The book jacket has these words: 'Dr. Packer masterfully uncovers the hidden treasures of Puritan life and thought. With crystalline clarity he reveals the depth and breadth of Puritan spiritual life, contrasting it with the superficiality and deadness of modern Western Christianity. Drawing on a lifetime of study Dr. Packer takes the reader on a survey of the lives and teachings of great leaders such as John Owen, Richard Baxter, and Jonathan Edwards. He offers a close look at such subjects as the Puritan view of the Bible, spiritual gifts, the Sabbath, worship, social action, and the family. He concludes that a main difference between the Puritans and ourselves is spiritual maturity -- the Puritans had it; we do not. In a time of failing vision and decaying values, this powerful portrait of Puritans is a beacon of hope that calls us to radical commitment and action when both are desperately needed'." -- Jay P. Green, Sr. (1918-2008)
    "Contrary to popular opinion, the Puritans were no dour lot of killjoys. In fact, Packer says, there's a lot we can learn from them about truly authentic and joyous spirituality. In this book Packer explores the Puritans' own writings on the Bible, the Gospel, the Holy Spirit, Christian life, and ministry. For each topic he beautifully demonstrates how the Puritans can help us press on toward godliness. If you're intrigued by the Puritans but don't know where to start reading them, this book will be a valuable guide!" -- CBD
    "Packer is a well-known author, lecturer, and theologian. He is currently Professor of Systematic and Historical Theology at Regent College, Vancouver, B.C." -- Publisher
    J.I. Packer's Introduction to The Death of Death in the Death of Christ by John Owen
    http://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/packer_intro.html
    The Death of Death in the Death of Christ, by John Owen
    http://www.monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/packer_intro.html
    The Death of Death in the Death of Christ: Redemption and Reconciliation That is in the Blood of Christ (Limited Atonement), 1 of 33, [audio file]
    An audio file reading by Still Waters Revival Books from THE WORKS OF JOHN OWEN. Currently (October 2018), there are 77 readings of John Owen by SWRB and Reformed Baptist of Holland (Michigan), (Thomas Sullivan), at SermonAudio.com available for listening online, downloading as MP3 files, [audio file], and listening on iPhone, mobile phones, and MPE players.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=47081639571

    Pink, Arthur W. (1886-1952), The Divine Covenants, ISBN: 0801069386 9780801069383.
    "In this complete and helpful book on the covenants Pink covers the following: The Everlasting Covenant, The Adamic Covenant, The Noahic Covenant, The Abrahamic Covenant, The Sinatic Covenant, The Davidic Covenant, The Messianic Covenant, and The Covenant Allegory (Galatians 4)." -- GCB

    *Price, Greg L., The Complete 1 John Series, an audio cassette [audio file], series of 27 tapes, 1997-1998. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #20, #22, #27, etc.
    "This series is a good example of contemporary Puritan preaching, as well as a taste of the teaching of one of the leading figures in the growing movement toward a third Reformation in our day. Price maintains and promotes the biblical balance between individual and corporate (i.e. ecclesiastical and civil), sanctification, all the while exalting the Lord Jesus Christ as Prophet, Priest and King!" -- Publisher

    *Price, Greg L., Covenant Theology and its Implications. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27 and #28.
    "An easy-to-understand introduction to the basics of Covenant Theology. Explains what Covenant Theology is, while adducing a number of practical and theological implications which must follow when this view of Scripture is adopted. Shows how Covenant Theology is (and was), foundational to all true Reformation. Refutes Dispensationalism. Includes overviews (with Scripture proofs), of the covenant of Redemption, the covenant of Works and the covenant of Grace. In short, Price proclaims the classic Reformed position on covenants (and the implications of covenant theology), as it has been declared in the best Reformed Confessions (e.g. The Westminster Confession of Faith [1646]), and in books like THE MARROW OF MODERN DIVINITY (by Fisher and Boston), THE COVENANT OF LIFE OPENED (by Samuel Rutherford), THE ARK OF THE COVENANT OPENED and THE ARK OF THE TESTAMENT OPENED by Patrick Gillespie and THE LIFE OF JUSTIFICATION OPENED (by John Brown of Wamphray). This is the best single tape sermon on Covenant Theology that we have knowledge of." -- Publisher
    Covenant Theology and its Implications a sermon by Greg Price
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=22801202653

    *Price, Greg L., The National Covenant of Scotland, 2 audio cassettes [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9, #27.
    "This covenant has been considered (along with the Solemn League and Covenant), as one of two major historical covenants binding the moral person of the church -- since the days of the covenants of Old Testament Israel. Price gives a fascinating account of what led up to this watershed document, what is contained in it (and why), and shows why this is of great importance to the church today. If you are interested in the present testimony concerning the Lord's covenanted Zion, this is one of the best places to start. Teaching like this has not been heard in North America for some time and it marks the revival of the most consistent Calvinism that the church has attained thus far in history." -- Publisher
    The National Covenant of Scotland
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sid=8501202735

    *Price, Greg L., Peacemakers at war With sin, audio cassette [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Focusing on Matthew 5:9, Blessed are the peacemakers, Price demonstrate what this portion of Scripture means by contrasting it with what it does not mean. Using this 'Turretin-like' method of proclaiming the truth some surprising results are often mined from God's Word, and this sermon is no exception. Special attention is given to marriage and family relationships, but how this verity applies to the church and the state is also covered -- the United Nations receiving its share of scathing rebukes for the false, anti-Christian peace it promotes. Mere external 'peace' and 'obedience' are condemned as Price sets his sights on promoting classic Puritan experimental heart Christianity. Showing that true peace only consists in reconciliation based on God's truth, the peacemaker's Scripture refers to are often judged by the carnal and disaffected to be the greatest troublemakers -- the Lord Jesus Christ being the prime example. He hated and fought against idolatry, covenant breaking and all other violations of God's law (as the greatest peacemaker that ever lived), to such an extent that those who desired the peace of the world tortured and murdered him. Prophets and wise men since have often fared no better in seeking to set forth the only true peace. Biblical peace is not based on compromise, pragmatism or the removal of Biblical (Reformation) landmarks, it is seen in this sermon to be based on truth and faithfulness. Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God. (James 4:4). Heresy, the false ecumenical movement of mystery Babylon, Calvin on schism, unity and numerous other points are all addressed. Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid." (John 14:27) -- Publisher
    Peacemakers at war With sin
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=101005105926

    Price, Greg L., The Preface and Bibliography to the Rare Bound Photocopy: The Duty and Perpetual Obligation of Social Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in THE DUTY AND PERPETUAL OBLIGATION OF SOCIAL COVENANTING.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/Pref&Bib.htm

    Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland, Historical Part of the Testimony of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Britain and Ireland, Containing an Account of the Faithful Contendings of the Witnesses of Christ . . . (In overture), 1863. Available (REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN TESTIMONY) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN TESTIMONY, 1842.

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), An Explanation and Defence of the Terms of Communion, Adopted by the Community of Dissenters, etc. Alternate title: AN EXPLANATION AND DEFENCE OF THE TERMS OF COMMUNION, ADOPTED BY THE COMMUNITY OF DISSENTERS: TOGETHER WITH AN INTRODUCTION, CONTAINING SOME REMARKS ON THE PROPRIETY OF TERMS OF COMMUNION, IN GENERAL, THE WHOLE INTENDED TO OBVIATE SOME MODERN OBJECTIONS AND TO SATISFY THE MINDS OF THOSE WHO ARE WILLING TO BE INFORMED ON THE SUBJECT. Available (PDF and MP3) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2 and #19.
    "Defends the inescapable necessity of creeds and confessions, while promoting a fully creedal church membership. Shows how the law of God obliges all Christians to think the same things, and to speak the same things; holding fast the form of sound words, and keeping the ordinances as they have been delivered to us (Col. 3:13), [Colossians 3:13]. After laying some basic groundwork, this book proceeds to defend the six points of the 'Terms of Ministerial and Christian Communion Agreed Upon by the Reformed Presbytery.' These six points are the most conservative and comprehensive short statements of consistent Presbyterianism you will likely ever see. Besides the obvious acknowledgement of the alone infallible Scriptures, the Westminster Standards, and the divine right of Presbyterianism, these points also maintain the perpetual obligation of our Covenants, National and Solemn League, the Renovation of these covenants at Auchensaugh in 1712, and the Judicial Act, Declaration and Testimony emitted by the Reformed Presbytery. In short, this book sets forth adherence to the whole of the covenanted reformation, in both church and state, as it has been attained by our covenanting forefathers." -- Publisher
    An Explanation and Defense of the Terms of Communion, Adopted by the Community of Dissenters, etc.
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/24/an-explanation-and-defense-of-the-terms-of-communion

    Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), Historical Part of the Testimony of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Scotland: Containing a Brief Sketch of the Contendings of the Witnesses, From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 1841.

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), Reformed Presbyterian Testimony, 1842. Alternate title: TESTIMONY OF THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN SCOTLAND: HISTORICAL AND DOCTRINAL (Glasgow: John Keith, 1842), over 400 pages. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Keddie describes this as 'a doctrinal and historical statement, explaining and expanding upon the RPC's commitment to the Westminster Standards, the National Covenant, and the Solemn League and Covenant.' (Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 699). It contains the historical part of the testimony of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in Scotland including a brief sketch of the contending of the witnesses from the earliest period to the present time. The doctrinal section of the Church's testimony follows, covering everything from 'Divine Revelation' to 'Covenanting'." -- Publisher

    Roberts, Frances, Mysterium and Medulla Bibliorum: The Mysterie and Marrow of the Bible: viz. God's Covenants With Man, in the first Adam before the fall, and in the last Adam, Iesvs Christ, after the fall, from the beginning to the end of the world: unfolded and illustrated in positive aphorisms and their explanation, 1657.

    *Roberts, William Louis (1798-1864), The Duty of Nations, in Their National Capacity, to Acknowledge and Support the True Religion, 1853. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1, #27.
    "Excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM below, this book deals with the inescapable necessity, of the demand found in the Word of God, for the Civil establishment of Christ as King and Lawgiver over every nation on earth. If you are sick of the cease-fire with humanism, set forth by the syncretistic, Satanic and pragmatic pagan politicians of our day (those who bargain with votaries of Antichrist [the Pope], publicly tolerate all manner of false religions (e.g. Islam) and idolatry, and comprise their policy and draw their pretended authority from the beast [and not the Word of God], this book is for you! For all pagan politics is summed up in the words of the Cameronian (Covenanter) political philosopher Alexander Shields, as 'rotting away under the destructive distempers of detestable neutrality, loathsome lukewarmness, declining, and decaying in corruptions, defections, divisions, distractions, confusions; and so judicially infatuated with darkness and delusions, that they forget and forego the necessary testimony of the day.' (A Hind let Loose, 1797 edition, p. 20). Pick up this book and begin the political walk in the 'footsteps of the flock,' traveling the covenanting road of Reformation and Scripture (with the magisterial Reformers of the past)!" -- Publisher
    On the Duty of Covenanting and the Permanent Obligations of Religious Covenants.
    Being Section 11 in THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM by William L. Roberts
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/PresCatCov.htm
    A Hind let Loose; Or An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland. . . . by Mr. Alexander Shields, Minister of the Gospel, in St. Andrews
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/shields/
    A Hind let Loose: or, An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland, for the Interest of Christ: With the True State Thereof in all its Periods, Shields, Alexander
    http://archive.org/details/hindletlooseorhi00shie
    Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
    http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism

    *Roberts, William Louis (1798-1864), The Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, ISBN: 0524065543 9780524065549. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available from ATLA 1991-2638.
    A magnificent catechism that sets forth the Crown Rights of The King of Glory and Lord of Lords. It also presents incontrovertible evidence that the United States Constitution is not a Christian document, and that it is, in fact, a slavery document.
    "A manual of instruction, drawing from such notable authors as William Symington and J.R. Willson, presenting arguments and facts confirming and illustrating the 'Distinctive Principles' of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Chapters deal with: 'Christ's Mediatorial Dominion in General;' Christ's Exclusive Headship Over the Church;' 'The Supreme and Ultimate Authority of the Word of God in the Church;' Civil Government, the Moral Ordinance of God;' Christ's Headship Over the Nations;' 'The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ;' The Word, or Revealed Will of God, the Supreme Law in the State;' 'The Duty of Nations, in Their National Capacity, to Acknowledge and Support the True Religion:' 'The Spiritual Independence of the Church of Christ:' 'The Right and Duty of Dissent From an Immoral Constitution of Civil Government;' 'The Duty of Covenanting, and the Permanent Obligations of Religious Covenants;' 'The Application of These Principles to the Governments, Where Reformed Presbyterians Reside, in the Form of a Practical Testimony;' and finally 'Application of the Testimony to the British Empire. . . '." -- Publisher
    Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
    http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism
    On the Mediatorial Dominion of The Lord Jesus Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_01_mediatorial_dominion.html
    The Exclusive Headship of The Lord Jesus Christ Over the Church of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_02_christs_headship_over_the_church.html
    Civil Government the Moral Ordinance of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_04_civil_government.html
    On Christ's Headship Over the Nations, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_05_christs_headship_over_nations.html
    The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_06_subjection_of_nations_to_christ.html
    See also: The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration, SECRET PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION; CONSPIRACY IN PHILADELPHIA: THE ORIGINS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, and A THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

    *Roper, David H., The New Covenant in the Old Testament, ISBN: 0876804652 9780876804650.
    "An informative and instructive study showing how the New Covenant relationship was anticipated and 'mirrored' in the Old Testament, and how in the Gospels, in the writings of Paul, and in the epistle to the Hebrews we have an explanation of the way in which believers in Christ may benefit from its soteriological blessings." -- Cyril J. Barber

    *Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), Christ Dying, and Drawing Sinners to Himself, 1647 (1727 edition). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9, 21.
    "The title continues (providing a nice summary for this rare valuable work): 'Or, A Survey of our Saviour in His Soul-Suffering, His Loveliness in his Death, and the Efficacy thereof. In Which Some Cases of Soul-trouble in weak Believers, Grounds of Submission under the Absence of Christ, with the Flowings and Heightenings of free Grace, are opened. Delivered in Sermons on the Gospel according to John, Chap. xii. ver. 27,28,29,30,31,32,33 [John 12:27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. Where are also interjected some necessary Digressions, for the Times, touching divers Errors of Antinomians; and a short Vindication of the Doctrine of Protestants, from the Arminian pretended Universality of Christ's Dying for All and every One of Mankind; the moral and feigned Way of irresistible Conversion of Sinners; and what Faith is required of all within the visible Church, for the Want whereof, many are condemned.' The DICTIONARY OF SCOTTISH CHURCH HISTORY AND THEOLOGY says of this work, 'Rutherford's writings during the London years provide a significant commentary of the theology of the Westminster Confession (1646) and Catechisms. In CHRIST DYING AND DRAWING SINNERS TO HIMSELF Rutherford elaborately scrutinizes the Antinomian notion that the law has no obligation for the Christian.' (p. 736). This book contains an extensive index, is 760 pages in length and is an excellent example of sound and faithful Covenanter preaching, balancing both faith (doctrine) and manners (practice). Classic Rutherford!" -- Publisher

    *Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), The Covenant of Life Opened; or, A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace, Containing Something of the Nature of the Covenant of Works, the Sovereignty of God, the Extent of the Death of CHRIST, the Nature and Properties of the Covenant of Grace: And Especially of the Covenant of Suretyship or Redemption Between the LORD and the SON JESUS CHRIST, and the Seal of Baptism: With Some Practical Questions and Observations (1655). A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9.
    "A exceedingly rare Covenanter classic! These are deep waters and this title is recommended for those who have already developed some fair strength in swimming the strong theological currents of the Second Reformation. Containing some of Rutherford's most mature thought, this book was published six years before Rutherford passed on to glory." -- Publisher

    *Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), A Testimony Left by Mr. Rutherfoord (sic) to the Work of Reformation, in Britain and Ireland, Before his Death, With Some of his Last Words. February the last, 1661. To Which is Added a Testimony of one of the Ministers of the Church of Scotland, Against the Oath of Abjuration, a little before it was taken, 1719. Alternate title: MR. (SAMUEL) RUTHERFORD'S TESTIMONY TO THE COVENANTED WORK OF REFORMATION (FROM 1638 TO 1649), IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #10.
    "This is Rutherford's dying testimony. It sets forth what he thought most important to communicate in his last earthly words. Rutherford was one of the Scottish commissioners to the Westminster Assembly and has been acknowledged by many Reformed theologians since his time as a theological genius of the first order. Walker said of Rutherford, 'It is not easy to find any one in Church history with whom to compare this remarkable man . . . a man of power, I may say of genius, fresh, bold, penetrating, to whom no subject came amiss, teeming with intellectual energy, distinguished for his learning, but never cumbered by it, the greatest scholastic of our Presbyterian Church, and yet we are told, the plain and faithful preacher, the fieriest of Church leaders and the most devout of saints, equally at home among the tomes of Aquinas, and writing letters to a poor congregation. Altogether a sort of intellectual, theological, religious prodigy!' (The Theology and Theologians of Scotland), p. 13). Men graced with Rutherford's abilities, intellect and faith come but once or twice a millennium. Augustine, Calvin and Gillespie are others of this class. If you want to know what one of the greats of church history was thinking just before he went to be with the Lord, pick up this item." -- Publisher
    Mr. Rutherford's Testimony to the Covenanted Work of Reformation (From 1638 to 1649), in Britain and Ireland
    http://covenanter.org/Rutherfurd/rutherfurdtestimony.htm
    A Testimony Left by Mr. Rutherford to the Work of Reformation
    http://www.apuritansmind.com/WCF/RutherFordTestimonyCovenant.htm
    A Testimony Left by Mr. Rutherfoord (sic) to the Work of Reformation
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/RuthTest.htm

    *Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), George Gillespie (1613-1648), John Brown (of Wamphray, 1610-1679), Greg L. Price, The Session of the Puritan Reformed Church of Edmonton/Prince George (compiler), et al., The Duty and Perpetual Obligation of Social Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, #27.
    "The material found in this bound photocopy addresses a forgotten and neglected ordinance of God: social covenanting. God's people in times of repentance and thanksgiving, trial and blessing have been a covenanting people. In the most pure times of ecclesiastical and civil reformation throughout history, both church and state under the mediatorial rule of Christ have by the grace of God bound themselves together by covenant to promote and defend the true Christian religion. The first document adopted by the Westminster Assembly was in fact, the Solemn League and Covenant (1644). It united the kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland in a covenanted reformation of both church and state in order to preserve, promote and defend the true Christian religion (as summarized in the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], Larger and Shorter Catechisms, Directory For Public Worship, and Form of Church Government), and in order to expose and uproot all false teaching contrary to the Scripture and these standards. Furthermore, it was not only the desire of the Westminster Assembly to unite in covenant the three British kingdoms, but rather to include in this covenanted reformation all of the Reformed Churches throughout Europe. Consider the goal of the Assembly as summarized by Hetherington: 'There was one great, and even sublime idea, brought somewhat indefinitely before the Westminster Assembly, which has not yet been realized, the idea of a Protestant union throughout Christendom, not merely for the purpose of counterbalancing Popery, but in order to purify, strengthen, and unite all true Christian churches, so that with combined energy and zeal they might go forth, in glad compliance with the Redeemer's commands, teaching all nations, and preaching the everlasting gospel to every creature under heaven. This truly magnificent, and also truly Christian idea, seems to have originated in the mind of that distinguished man, Alexander Henderson. It was suggested by him to the Scottish commissioners, and by them partially brought before the English Parliament, requesting them to direct the Assembly to write letters to the Protestant Churches in France, Holland, Switzerland, and other Reformed Churches. . . . and along with these letters were sent copies of the Solemn League and Covenant, a document which might itself form the basis of such a Protestant union. The deep thinking divines of the Netherlands apprehended the idea, and in their answer, not only expressed their approbation of the Covenant, but also desired to join in it with the British kingdoms. Nor did they content themselves with the mere expression of approval and willingness to join. A letter was soon afterwards sent to the Assembly from the Hague, written by Duraeus (the celebrated John Dury), offering to come to the Assembly, and containing a copy of a vow which he had prepared and tendered to the distinguished Oxenstiern, chancellor of Sweden, wherein he bound himself 'to prosecute a reconciliation between Protestants in point of religion'. . . . On one occasion Henderson procured a passport to go to Holland, most probably for the purpose of prosecuting this grand idea. But the intrigues of politicians, the delays caused by the conduct of the Independents, and the narrow-minded Erastianism of the English Parliament, all conspired to prevent the Assembly from entering farther into that truly glorious Christian enterprise. Days of trouble and darkness came; persecution wore out the great men of that remarkable period; pure and vital Christianity was stricken to the earth and trampled under foot. . .' (William Hetherington The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, pp. 337-339). The material presented herein is commended to the reader with the sincere prayer and confidence that God will again restore the Church of Jesus Christ to a glorious covenanted reformation -- one that will even surpass that one to which she had attained at the time of the Westminster Assembly. However, when the Lord brings that future covenanted reformation it will not be limited to only three kingdoms of the earth, but by the grace and power of Christ our King, it will be a covenanted reformation that will encompass all of the nations of the earth (Psalm 2:6-12; Isaiah 2:1-4; Matthew 28:1-20), and will bring to the church a visible unity and uniformity that (unlike pleas for unity today), is firmly grounded upon the truth." (Greg Price, Preface). The material contained in this compilation was gathered together by the session of the Puritan Reformed Church of Edmonton/Prince George. Its 210 pages contain the following items, as listed in this bibliography for social covenanting:

    1. Samuel Rutherford, Due Right of Presbyteries, pp. 130-139.
    2. George Gillespie, The Works of George Gillespie, Vol. 2, pp. 71-88.
    3. John Brown of Wamphray, An Apologetic Relation, pp. 167-175, 181-207.
    4. David Scott, Distinctive Principles of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, pp. 14-90.
    5. William Roberts, The Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, pp. 134-152.
    6. The Reformed Presbytery, An Explanation and Defence of the Terms of Communion, pp. 181-187.
    7. The Reformed Presbytery, Act, Declaration and Testimony, pp. 11-23.
    8. The Reformed Presbytery, The Auchensaugh Renovation, pp. 115-140.
    9. The Church of Scotland (1639), The National Covenant of Scotland, pp. 345-354, in the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] published by Free Presbyterian Publications.
    10. The Westminster Assembly (1644), The Solemn League and Covenant, pp. 355-360, in the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] published by Free Presbyterian Publications.
    11. The Church of Scotland (1648), A Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant, pp. 361-368 in the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] published by Free Presbyterian Publications." -- Publisher
    Price, Greg L., The Preface and Bibliography to the Rare Bound Photocopy: The Duty and Perpetual Obligation of Social Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in THE DUTY AND PERPETUAL OBLIGATION OF SOCIAL COVENANTING.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/Pref&Bib.htm
    The Duty and Perpetual Obligation of Social Covenanting
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/SocCov.htm

    *Schwertley, Brian M., and Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States. Publications Committee, National Covenanting and Christ's Victory Over the Nations. Available at Reformed Online.
    "This is the first book-length, scholarly exposition and defense of national covenanting since 1843. This comprehensive treatment includes the binding nature of covenants, covenant renewals under the godly kings of Israel, objections to covenanting answered, the unbiblical nature of the U.S. Constitution, the unscriptural alteration of the Westminster Confession of Faith in 1789, the necessity of the Old Testament moral law for a Christian nation and the biblical requirements for civil office. In the book, Rev. Schwertley not only sets forth the biblical case for social or national covenanting in a simple and organized manner but also critiques the modern pluralistic alternatives to the original Presbyterian teaching on this topic." -- Publisher
    It was preceded by 'Social Covenanting,' a series of 31 sermons in MP3 format, given by the author starting in the summer of 2012.
    Social Covenanting series of 31 sermons [audio files] by Brian Schwertley
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/search.asp?seriesOnly=true&currSection=sermonstopic&sourceid=ccc&keyword=National+Covenanting&keyworddesc=National+Covenanting

    *Scott, David, Distinctive Principles of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "This book is not designed to discuss 'the (many -- RB), doctrines which the Reformed Presbyterian church holds in common will others,' but is written to set forth RP distinctives. It tackles its subject from three major heads: 'Social Covenanting;' 'The Dominion of Christ;' and 'The Universal Application of Scripture (civil as well as religious).' It shows that while these doctrines 'are held by many, as abstract doctrines of divine truth, they are not embodied in the testimony of any other Christian denomination: nor made necessary to ministerial or Christian fellowship. Although other individuals may hold these doctrine, it is a "distinctive" feature of the RPC to embody them in her testimony; and to make them terms of communion.' It also explains how these are the same distinctives that were maintained 'at the era of the reformation the covenanted church of Scotland bore a distinguished testimony for all the offices of Christ, as prophet, priest and king: and for the pure doctrines, worship, discipline, and government of the house of God.' The author states that 'the great object aimed at is to help forward the glorious triumph of the Messiah, so beautifully described in the 72nd Psalm [Psalm 72]. When "all Kings shall fall down before him; and all nations shall serve him"'." -- Publisher

    *Shaw, J.W., Hephzibah Beulah. Our Covenants the National and Solemn League; and Covenanting by the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in America: Considered, 1872. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "A very useful, easy-to-read, introductory work (by an RPCNA minister), to the topics it deals with. General Scriptural principles upon which this book is based are:

    1. Departure from former laudable attainments, is a great evil, severely threatened in the Holy Scriptures; and that for which every one, who is guilty, must be accountable to the Righteous Judge of all the earth.
    2. They who consent unto the unrighteous deeds of others, are chargeable with guilt, as well as the principal actors.
    3. Societies, or individuals, having once publicly and solemnly vowed unto the Most High God; and still, after the strictest enquiry, remain satisfied in their own mind, that their vows were scriptural; should seriously endeavor to act up to the true spirit and intention of these vows; and no power upon earth, nor any class of men, whether majority or minority, in a nation, can ever possibly dissolve the obligation.
    "Chapters include: The National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant reviewed; Their Binding Obligations Shown; The Possibility That Adherence to Them may be Professed, While They are Virtually Abandoned; The Covenant Sworn and Subscribed by Synod at Pittsburgh, May 27th, 1871; Is it a Renovation or a new Covenant?; The Covenant Does not Contain all That the Church is Bound to in America; Charges Against the Covenant; Reason why Some who do not Like it, Swear it; The Covenants National and Solemn League Must Be Maintained." -- Publisher
    Shaw, Hephzibah Beulah our Covenants the National and Solemn League; And Covenanting by the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in America: Considered
    http://truecovenanter.com/covenants/shaw_hephzibah_beulah.html

    Sheehan, Robert, Chosen for Glory, ISBN: 0906731968 9780906731963.
    "Sheehan points out the evidence from the Bible that God has chosen his people and that man must choose the service of God." -- GCB

    *Sibbes, Richard (1577-1635), The Faithful Covenanter, 1639. Available (THE WORKS OF RICHARD SIBBES), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "An amazing sermon opening the narrow road of faithful covenanting -- as seen first and foremost in the Lord Jesus Christ, our perfect covenant keeper! Expounds on the four periods of time relating to the renewing of the covenant of grace in history. Shows that 'whatsoever we give the supremacy of the inward man to, whatsoever we love most, whatsoever we trust most, whatsoever we fear most, whatsoever we joy and delight in most, whatsoever we obey most -- that is our God.' Applies this to the first commandment, as a part of the law of the covenant, and works out the implications (which involve numerous areas). Goes on to give Scriptural marks whereby covenant keepers can be distinguished from covenant breakers and connects the everlasting covenant with the sacraments and their meaning. A meaty meal, recommended for those who are willing to advance theologically and practically." -- Publisher

    Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly, Acts 1:11; Romans 13 (1 of 3 audio files [MP3]). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Great historical teaching, Singer at his best!" -- Publisher
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=124071413102

    Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly, Hebrews 11:39; 1 Peter 2:13-14 (2 of 3 audio files [MP3]). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Great historical teaching, Singer at his best!" -- Publisher
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=125071244422

    Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly, Daniel 4:35; Acts 13:17 (3 of 3 audio files [MP3]). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Great historical teaching, Singer at his best!" -- Publisher
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=12607114250

    *Smellie, Alexander (1857-1923), Men of the Covenant: The Story of the Scottish Church in the Years of the Persecution, 534 pages, ISBN: 0851512127. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    " 'A great book dealing with one of the most inspiring periods of Church history,' said Dr. C. Gregg Singer. Brilliant sketches of Covenanter history addressed to ordinary readers who do not have the opportunity or leisure for protracted personal studies in this area. A testimony, as Smellie notes, to 'the dogged fighters for freedom in Church and State.' The great sufferings these Christians endured gave them a seriousness about the faith, and a 'vision' of the truth, which has been unequaled since -- stirring reading!" -- Publisher
    "Recounts the events in seventeenth century Scotland in which men and women, bound by 'covenant' to Christ, laid down their lives for His cause. Recaptures the intensity, zeal, heroism, and faith of these martyrs, as well as the craftiness and cruelty of their persecutors. First published in 1903." -- Cyril J. Barber
    Men of the Covenant, volume 1 of 2
    http://archive.org/details/menofcovenant01smeluoft

    *Smith, B.M., Family Religion, or the Domestic Relations as Regulated by Christian Principles (1859). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #22.
    "Smith's family was greatly influenced by Samuel Davies. Smith himself was a friend of R.L. Dabney. As the editor notes, the importance of this book is seen in the fact that 'reform of the family would soon diffuse itself throughout the whole constitution of society, a higher tone of morals would be inspired, and not only would the moral influence of the church be enlarged, but the stability and security of the state would be perpetuated.' Or as the DIRECTORY FOR FAMILY WORSHIP, appended to the Westminster Confession, so wisely points out, 'besides the public worship in congregations, mercifully established in this land in great purity, it is expedient and necessary that secret worship of each person alone, and private worship of families, be pressed and set up; that, with national reformation, the profession and power of godliness, both personal and domestic, be advanced.' This was a prize winning essay, covering, in depth, the family and its duties." -- Publisher

    Smith, George, The Three Kingdomes Healing-plaister, or, The Solemne Covenant of Reformation and Defence Explained: Wherein is Shewed the Authority, Antiquity and use of an Holy Covenant, the Occasions Moving to it and the Ends in Doing it, the Necessity of it at this Time for Diverse Reasons Herein Expressed: Also a full explanation of each article of the covenant to the satisfaction of all, shewing the benefit that may redound by it viz., Gods protection and blessing to heale our miseries and establish truth in religion, peace and lasting happinesse to the three kingdomes: likewise shewing the danger of refusing it and Gods curse upon us if we enter into it deceitfully.

    *Sproull, Thomas (1803-1892), The Duty of Social Covenanting Illustrated and Enforced: A Sermon Preached March 14th, 1841, in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Allegheny. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    The Duty of Social Covenanting Illustrated and Enforced, Thomas Sproull
    http://www.covenanter.org/TSproull/dutyofsocialcovenanting.htm

    *Sproull, Thomas (1803-1892), The Reformed Presbytery's Short Vindication
    A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, Reformed Presbytery
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/26/a-short-vindication-of-our-covenanted-reformation

    *Stalker, James, John Knox: His Ideas and Ideals. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    "Published the year before the Quatercentenary 'of the birth of the greatest of Scotsmen,' as Stalker calls Knox, this is an easy-reading look at this great Reformer. Expressing great gratitude for David Laing's 'immortal labours' in editing Knox's Works, and humbly directing the reader to these six volumes 'if he desires to see Knox face to face,' Stalker summarizes his intent, stating, 'I do not pretend to have given a complete collection of Knox's good things; but at least I have creamed them and furnished enough to familiarize the reader not only with his ideas but with the remarkable phraseology in which these were expressed; and my hope is that the following pages may help to make it true that he, being dead, yet speaketh.' For the bibliophiles this item contains a nice chapter summarizing Knox's books and letters." -- Publisher

    Steele, David (1803-1887), The Nature and Duty of Covenanting With God, 1850. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    *Steele, David (1803-1887), Notes on the Apocalypse, ISBN: 0978098706 9780978098704. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #14.
    "In 1779, in their TESTIMONY AND WARNING AGAINST THE BLASPHEMIES AND IDOLATRY OF POPERY, the Reformed Presbytery called Durham's COMPLETE COMMENTARY . . . ON THE BOOK OF REVELATION 'the best exposition of that book that has yet been published.' (p. 61n). Had they had the privilege of reading Steele's NOTES ON THE APOCALYPSE we are quite certain that they would have given it a similar endorsement. Though written in a different style than Durham's work, Steele's NOTES ON REVELATION may be even more valuable in many respects, Steele having taken a more decided position 'in the wilderness.' Steele also had the benefit of many more resources, having written over two centuries later. Steele's aim in writing this book is made clear in his own words taken from the preface,

    As this work is intended for the instruction and edification of the unlearned, rather than for the entertainment of the learned, words of foreign extract are used as seldom as possible. Practical remarks and reflections are rarely introduced; the principal aim being simply to ascertain and present to the reader the mind of the Holy Spirit. How far this object has been accomplished, is of course left to the judgment of the honest inquirer. The reader, however, in forming his judgment of the value of these NOTES, may be reminded of that inspired rule in searching the Scriptures, "Comparing spiritual things with spiritual." To assist him in the application of this divine rule, many chapters and verses are quoted from other parts of the Bible, but especially within the Apocalypse itself; that by concentrating the various rays upon particular texts or symbols, their intrinsic light may be rendered more luminous. Thus the interpretation given, if correct, may be confirmed and illustrated.
    "Appendices include a section on, The New Jerusalem, The Antichrist, The Image of the Beast, The Beast's 'deadly wound,' The Little Book, The Death of the Witnesses, The Mark of the Beast, The First Resurrection, The Identity of the Two Witnesses, Sounding of the Seventh Trumpet and The Title of this Book (i.e. the Book of Revelation -- RB). This work also includes various 'animadversions on the interpretations (of Revelation -- RB), of several among the most learned and approved expositors of Britain and America.'
    "Comments on this work include the four given below, all which were given without the solicitation or knowledge of the author. The Evangelical Repository notes,
    the author adduces a greater number of Scriptural illustrations than any other writer on prophecy we ever met with.
    "Hutcheson writes,
    I can recommend it to any person as condensing the best thoughts to be had on the subject.
    "Brooks says,
    I have derived more knowledge of the Apocalypse from this work than from all other expositions which I have consulted.
    "And finally, John Cunningham comments,
    It is neither a dictionary nor concordance; neither a confession of faith, nor an encyclopedia, but a thesaurus of Theology, embodying the characters of all these.
    "Steele dedicated this work to John Cunningham, author of THE ORDINANCE OF COVENANTING." -- Publisher
    Notes on the Apocalypse, David Steele
    "A commentary on the entire book of Revelation from an historicist and postmillennial perspective incorporating the insights of Covenanting principles and a concern for the standards of the Reformed Presbyterian church." -- Publisher
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/17/david-steeles-notes-on-the-apocalypse
    Steele, David (1803-1887), Notes on the Apocalypse
    http://archive.org/details/notesonapocalyps00stee
    Steele, David (1803-1887), Notes on the Apocalypse
    http://archive.org/details/notesontheapocal14485gut

    *Steele, David (1803-1887, editor), Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite," The Contending Witness (vol. 1:1 -- 2:6, Apr. 1841 to Feb. 1843), The Reformation Advocate (vol. 1:1 -- 1:12, March 1874 to Dec. 1876), The Original Covenanter (vol. 2:1 -- 2:16, March 1877 to Dec. 1880), and The Original Covenanter (vol. 3:1 -- 3:16, March 1881 to Dec. 1884). Available (all four volumes, a complete set of this continuous periodical under its various names) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (all four volumes, a complete set of this continuous periodical under its various names) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
    "The following list [complete and found above -- compiler] of [continuous issues under various names -- compiler] magazines, edited by David Steele, comprise what is likely the best compilation of Christian periodicals ever amassed under one set of bindings. Nothing we know of (before or since), authored as magazine articles related to full-orbed nation shaking biblical Reformation, even comes close to the consistent quality of writing found in these short works on various subjects. Steele himself should probably be considered the best theologian of the nineteenth century, and the other contributors to these magazines were all approaching the same class. A healthy portion of Steele's writing is found in these magazines, as he only wrote a few other books, so the reader is encouraged to sample for himself some of the best writing (defending the Covenanted Reformation), you will find anywhere!" -- Publisher
    Various excerpted articles may be found elsewhere in the topical listing for David Steele.
    David Steele (editor), The Reformation Advocate, vol. 1, September 1874, no. 3, "Has the Government of the United States a Christian Character?"
    http://www.gcpublications.com/Documents/The%20Reformation%20Advocate/5_Has%20the%20US%20a%20Christian%20Character.pdf
    David Steele (editor), The Reformation Advocate, vol. 1, December 1874, no. 4, Signs of the Times
    http://www.gcpublications.com/Documents/The%20Reformation%20Advocate/6_Signs%20of%20The%20Times.pdf
    David Steele (editor), The Reformation Advocate, vol. 1, March 1874, no. 1, "To our Patrons"
    http://www.gcpublications.com/Documents/The%20Reformation%20Advocate/1_To%20Our%20Patrons.pdf
    David Steele (editor), The Reformation Advocate, vol. 1, June 1874, no. 2, "Christmas Trees"
    http://www.gcpublications.com/Documents/The%20Reformation%20Advocate/4_Christmas%20Trees.pdf
    David Steele (editor), The Reformation Advocate, vol. 1, March 1874, no. 1, "Are Hymns Idols"
    http://www.gcpublications.com/Documents/The%20Reformation%20Advocate/3_Are%20Hymns%20Idols.pdf

    The Contending Witness magazine, Vol. 1:1-2:6, Apr. 1841 to Feb. 1843. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Reformation Advocate magazine, Vol. 1:1-1:12, March 1874 to Dec. 1876. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Original Covenanter magazine, Vol. 2:1-2:16, March 1877 to Dec. 1880. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Original Covenanter magazine, Vol. 3:1-3:16, March 1881 to Dec. 1884. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    See also: Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Publishing, The Best of The Original Covenanter and Contending Witness Magazine. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available from Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Publishing.
    http://www.covenanter.org

    *Stevenson, David (b. 1942), The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland's Century, 1590-1710, ISBN: 0521396549 9780521396547. Alternate title: LODGE OF EDINBURGH (MARY'S CHAPEL) NO.1.
    Apparently "This book is a new edition of David Stevenson's classic account of the origins of Freemasonry," THE FIRST FREEMASONS: SCOTLANDS EARLY LODGES AND THEIR MEMBERS.
    "Professor Stevenson, a non-mason, has stumbled upon freemasonry while specializing in the history of the Scottish covenanters. He adds academic structure and his formidable historic knowledge to the unwritten part of Scottish masonry -- an oral tradition of memorized texts and a rich variety of lodge rituals -- way before George I's (a Hanoverian who spoke no English) attempt in 1717 to create a system of control by establishing the Grand Lodge of England. Mr. Stevenson may be forgiven for not understanding Masonic imagery, however he has given us a well presented insight into Scottish masonry. His impressive work sets new standards in Masonic history, based on verifiable and reproducible evidence rather than on wishful thinking. A highly recommendable book." -- Reader's Comment
    "Stevenson, professor emeritus of history at the University of St. Andrews, argues that Masonic history ought to be treated like any other kind of history: with objective analysis of the available evidence taken in context of the wider history in which it occurred. When he set out to take on the subject, he discovered to his surprise that the available evidence overwhelmingly points to modern freemasonry having developed not in England, as is generally claimed, but rather in Renaissance and early modern Scotland. Not a Mason himself, Stevenson wrote with the full cooperation of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the resulting book, though academic in tone, is worth reading for anyone with an interest in Masonic history, in medieval and early modern Scottish history, or in historiography." -- Reader's Comment
    "The first seventy pages or so are extremely dry, and after a while started to wear on my patience. My advice: bear with Stevenson as he lays out the facts here, grounding Freemasonry's murky prehistory firmly in the socioeconomic facts of Medieval Scotland. From this he can demonstrate convincingly how Renaissance elements of Hermeticism, Neo-Platonism, the Art of Memory, and Vitruvian valorizations of architecture came to inform the self-characterizations and common practices of these prior craft guilds, gradually transforming the latter in the process. He sticks closely to previously unconsidered primary sources of the time in question rather than later reconstructions so as to uncover the unfolding of this complicated process, mining fragmentary manuscripts, local records, and other such often overlooked sources tucked away in the shadowy corners of old archives for what they have to tell us -- cautiously and painstakingly distinguishing certain fact from plausible but ultimately unverified speculation based on those facts as he goes along. In the bargain he makes a strong case for his rather original thesis that much of early Freemasonry as we know it today developed in Scotland and only then spread to England (and from there to the rest of the world), substantially altering our picture of this intriguingly complex process thereby.
    "And it's rather amusing to think that it all started with a stray reference the author came across in the midst of pretty much unrelated historical research, one he decided to follow up on for the heck of it, and maybe write a little article -- an article that grew into two whole books, this one and the more locally detailed THE FIRST FREEMASONS: SCOTLANDS EARLY LODGES AND THEIR MEMBERS. Stevenson's extensive consideration of the Scottish proto-Freemason Robert Moray -- crucial in accounting for the evolution of Freemasonry's symbolism, social values, and ethical orientation -- has apparently also blossomed recently into his editing of LETTERS OF SIR ROBERT MORAY TO THE EARL OF KINCARDINE, 1657-73. So what started out as a lark has grown into a sustained scholarly pursuit, of which THE ORIGINS OF FREEMASONRY here is a key work and perhaps the most accessible for the generalist. Indeed, if you are looking for a sober, reliable book on this topic, this one fits the bill nicely." -- Reader's Comment
    "Beginning in Britain, Freemasonry swept across Europe in the mid-eighteenth century in astonishing fashion -- yet its origins are still hotly debated today. The prevailing assumption has been that it emerged in England around 1700, but David Stevenson demonstrates that the real origins of modern Freemasonry lie in Scotland around 1600, when the system of lodges was created by stonemasons with rituals and secrets blending medieval mythology with Renaissance and seventeenth-century history. This fascinating work of historical detection will be essential reading for anyone interested in Renaissance and seventeenth-century history, for freemasons themselves, and for those readers captivated by the secret societies at the heart of the bestselling THE DA VINCI CODE. David Stevenson is Emeritus Professor of Scottish History at the University of St. Andrews. His many previous publications include THE SCOTTISH REVOLUTION, 1637-1644; REVOLUTION AND COUNTER-REVOLUTION IN SCOTLAND, 1644-1651; and THE FIRST FREEMASONS; SCOTLAND, EARLY LODGES AND THEIR MEMBERS. His most recent book is THE HUNT FOR ROB ROY (2004)." -- Reader's Comment
    "The Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No.1 is a Masonic Lodge in Edinburgh, Scotland under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. It is number 1 on the Roll, and as it possesses the oldest minute of any Masonic lodge in existence (July 1599) and the first historical reference of a non-operative or speculative freemason being initiated as a member (1634), it is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world.
    "It is often styled Mary's Chapel or The Ancient Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel, the former of which derives from its ancient origins, where it first met within the old chapel of St. Mary's on Niddrie's Wynd in Edinburgh, which has since been demolished to make way for Edinburgh's South Bridge." -- Wikipedia article
    "His study is a welcome and refreshing antidote to all the junk that has been written about Freemasonry in the past three centuries. It explodes Masonic authors' extravagant claims for an origin in ancient civilizations and possession of powerful supernatural secrets. It also undermines anti-Masonic authors' equally bizarre accusations of pacts with supernatural forces of evil. . . .
    "If you only read one book about Freemasonry in your lifetime, this is the book to read." -- Reader's Comment
    Review of The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland's Century 1590-1710, by David Stevenson, T.E. Wilder
    http://www.contra-mundum.org/cm/reviews/tw_masonry.pdf

    Sutherland, Donald, An Essay on Covenanting: As it is a True, Scriptural, Important, and National Duty, Bound Upon all Ranks in These Lands: Wherein is Endeavoured to Show the Certain Sound of the Reformation Trumpet.

    *Symington, William (1795-1862), Nature and Obligation of Public Vows; With an Explanation and Defense of the British Covenants, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "More from the author of the classic MESSIAH THE PRINCE OR, THE MEDIATORIAL DOMINION OF JESUS CHRIST. A lecture excerpted from the book LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION, edited by Andrew Symington." -- Publisher
    Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

    *Thomson, James Pringle, Alexander Henderson the Covenanter (1583-1646). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The period which followed the Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England contains the opening of that contest between Presbytery and Episcopacy, which occupies so much of our history, and some of its most interesting episodes took place between 1618-1646, the years which comprise the active public life of him who is the subject of the following pages. For this reason the life and career of Alexander Henderson must always possess the greatest interest to any student of Scottish history . . . The virtues of the great are apt to be overestimated after they are dead and gone, but there is not one word of exaggeration in the eulogy which Baillie delivered to the General Assembly in 1647, . . . 'That glorious soul of blessed memory, who now is crowned with the reward of all his labours for God and for us, I wish his remembrance may be fragrant among us, so long as free and pure Assemblies remain in this land, which we hope shall be to the coming of the Lord. You know he spent his strength, and wore out his days, he breathed out his life in the service of God and of his Church. This binds it on our back, as we would not prove ungrateful, to pay him his due. If the thoughts of others be conformed to my inmost sense, in duty and reason, he ought to be accounted by us and posterity the fairest ornament, after John Knox, of incomparable memory, that we the Church of Scotland did enjoy.' (pp. 5, 158). Henderson had a major hand in the writing of and international subscription to the Solemn League and Covenant. He was also one of the Scottish commissioners to the Westminster Assembly." -- Publisher
    Alexander Henderson (1583-1646), the Covenanter, Thomson
    http://archive.org/details/alexanderhenders00thomuoft

    Timorcus, Theophilus, Thomas Gataker (1574-1654), Richard Vines (1600?-1656), and Richard Baxter (1615-1691), The Covenanters Plea Against Absolvers: or, A Modest Discourse, shewing why those who in England and Scotland took the Solemn League and Covenant, cannot judge their consciences discharged from the obligation of it, by any thing heretofore said by the Oxford men; or lately by Dr. Featly, Dr. Gauden, or any others. In which also several cases relating to promissory oathes, and to the said Covenant in special, are spoken to, and determined by Scripture, reason, and the joynt suffrages of casuists. Contrary to the indigested notions of some late writers; yet much to the sense of the Reverend Dr. Sanderson. Written by Theophilus Timorcus a well-wisher to students in casuistical divinity, 1660.
    "Notes: Attributed to Richard Baxter, Thomas Gataker, and Richard Vines by John Brown in his "An apologeticall relation of the particular sufferings of the faithfull ministers and professours of the Church of Scotland, since August, 1660."

    Todd, Adam Brown, Covenanting Pilgrimages and Studies (1911). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #10.
    "This title was written after the two volumes, THE HOMES, HAUNTS, AND BATTLEFIELDS OF THE COVENANTERS. It represents the author's continuing studies and contains some new information regarding incidents and people noted in the earlier volumes. This is especially true concerning the portrayal of Alexander Peden. Others covered include Renwick, Cargill, Sharp, the Howies, and many more. The story regarding Samuel Rutherford's 'two witnesses' is classic Scottish lore. Official acts (e.g. the proceedings surrounding the signing of Covenants), martyrdoms, Declarations, battles, etc., are all covered." -- Publisher

    Todd, Adam Brown, The Homes, Haunts, and Battlefields of the Covenanters, 2 volumes.

    Vos, Johannes Geerhardus, The Scottish Covenanters: Their Origins, History and Distinctive Doctrines, a dissertation, 1938, ISBN: 0951148443 9780951148440.
    See the detailed contents in three parts in Worldcat.org.

    Wagner, Michael, A Presbyterian Political Manifesto: Presbyterianism and Civil Government. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1 and #25.
    "Philosophical considerations alone should not be considered sufficient to prove that an establishment of religion is a moral obligation. For Christians only the Bible can be accepted as the foundation for any belief, not only those beliefs related to 'spiritual' matters, but also those related to political issues. The critical question, then, for Christians is, 'Does the Bible teach the necessity of the establishment of the Christian religion?' The Bible does indeed demonstrate the need for an establishment of Christianity, and the Old Testament in particular provides the Biblical basis for the concept of an established church. In Old Testament times there was a pervasive cooperation between church and state, and that pattern was not abrogated in the New Testament.
    "In the New Testament the passage with the most explicit teaching on civil government is probably Romans 13. In that chapter it is explained that political rulers 'are ordained of God' (v. 1 [Romans 13:1]); 'they are God's ministers' (v. 6 [Romans 13:6]), who must reward good and punish evil (vv. 3-4 [Romans 13:3,4]). This raises an important question: by what standard is the ruler to distinguish 'good' from 'evil?' Clearly, that standard can only be the Bible. How can rulers be God's ministers and yet not rule according to God's will? In other words, Romans 13:1-6 teaches not only that God has instituted civil government, but also that the rulers must govern according to the Word of God. The Bible is not only the exclusive rule of faith and practice for the church, but also for the state. With the Bible being the standard for the civil authorities, it is unmistakable that Christianity is the foundation of the law order, i.e., the established religion in this sense. Romans 13, then, at least in a general way, teaches the necessity of the establishment of Christianity.
    "At this point it is important to be more specific about what is being proposed as the Biblical concept of established religion. The Bible teaches a cooperation between church and state that has been variously called the 'Scottish Theory of Ecclesiastical Establishments' (Smeaton 1875), the 'Establishment Principle' (Brown n.d., 1), and other similar terms.
    "The Establishment Principle, or the Principle of the National Recognition of Religion maintains the scriptural view of the universal supremacy of Christ as King of Nations as well as King of saints, with the consequent duty of nations as such, and civil rulers in their official capacity, to honour and serve Him by recognizing His Truth and promoting His cause (Brown n.d., 1).
    "As William Cunningham explains it, 'an obligation lies upon nations and their rulers to have respect, in the regulation of their national affairs, and in the application of national resources, to the authority of God's word, to the welfare of the church of Christ, and the interests of true religion' ([1882] 1991a, 391). What is being maintained here is that the true church of Christ, and the civil authorities (both in submission to their common Lord), have as their goal the promotion of God's glory and true Christianity, and that they should work together for the promotion of this common goal. On the one hand, they should be allied together, but on the other hand, they should remain completely sovereign in their respective jurisdictions."
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/presbpol.htm

    Walker, Patrick, and David Hay Fleming, Six Saints of the Covenant: Peden, Semple, Welwood, Cameron, Cargill, Smith, 2 volumes, ISBN: 0790572621 9780790572628. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Covers the lives of Peden, Semple, Welwood, Cameron, Cargill and Smith. These two volumes are edited with illustrative documents, introduction, notes, and a glossary by David Hay Fleming. Walker's advantage in writing of these men, as Hay Fleming points out, can be seen in 'that he lived in the times of which he wrote, that he personally knew many of the Covenanters and martyrs of whom he wrote, and that he was himself a shrewd observer and was endowed with a tenacious memory.' Walker himself had endured imprisonment and torture for the Covenanted cause of Christ and Burton writes that his 'unadorned descriptions of suffering and heroism convey a lesson to the heart which no genius or learning could strengthen,' indexed." -- Publisher
    Six Saints of the Covenant: Peden, Semple, Welwood, Cameron, Cargill, Smith, vol. 1 of 2
    https://archive.org/details/sixsaintscovena00walkgoog
    Six Saints of the Covenant: Peden, Semple, Welwood, Cameron, Cargill, Smith, vol. 2 of 2
    https://archive.org/details/sixsaintscovena02walkgoog

    Waltke, Bruce, Theonomy and Covenental/Dispensational Theology, (Christian Counseling and Educational Foundation).
    Audio cassette CS881 [audio file].

    *Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), [completed and first printed in 1646, approved by the Assembly, August 27, 1647, Session 23 -- compiler] (Glasgow, Scotland: Free Presbyterian Publication [133 Woodlands Road, Glasgow G3 6LE], 1994), ISBN: 0902506080 (case-bound), and ISBN: 0902506358 (paperback). Among the ten greatest works in the English language. Available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) With Scripture Proofs
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    The Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, With the Scripture Proofs at Large: Together With The sum of Saving Knowledge (contained in the Holy Scriptures, and held forth in the said Confession and Catechisms), and Practical use Thereof, Covenants National and Solemn League, Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, Directories, Form of Church-government, &c. of Public Authority in the Church of Scotland, With Acts of Assembly and Parliament, Relative to, and Approbative of the Same (1757) [the original version of 1646, prior to the changes of the "American Version" of 1789 -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/confessionofscot00chur
    " 'The product of Puritan conflict,' stated Shedd, reaching 'a perfection of statement never elsewhere achieved.' All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes Hetherington. (The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, p. 345).
    "Concerning The Shorter Catechism, which is one of the items also included in this book, Mitchell notes: 'it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, p. 431).
    "THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is the greatest of all the creeds of the Christian church. The church of Christ cannot be creedless and live. Especially in an age of doubt and confusion, it is her duty to define and proclaim the one true faith. Nowhere has the Reformed church done this so effectively as in the WESTMINSTER CONFESSION, and family of documents. This book represents Reformed thinking at its purest and best. It was intended, as part of the Covenanted Reformation taking place during its compilation, to be adopted as the binding confessional standard for every individual, family, court, church, and legislature in the British Isles." -- Publisher
    This is considered to be the definitive publication of the Westminster family of documents. It includes the following:

    1. "To the Christian Reader, Especially Heads of Families"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p005-to_head_of_families.html
    2. "Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader"
      https://reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    3. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646), the full and original edition with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    4. THE LARGER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    6. THE SUM OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE
      http://www.reformed.org/master/index.html?mainframe=/documents/sum/sum.html
    7. "The National Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p345-nat_covenant.html
    8. "The Solemn League and Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p355-solemn_league.html
    9. "A Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant; and a Solemn Engagement to all the Duties Contained Therein"
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/scotland_covenant_renewal_1648.html
    10. THE DIRECTORY FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p369-direct_pub_worship.html
    11. THE FORM OF PRESBYTERIAL CHURCH GOVERNMENT
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p395-form_presby_gov.html
    12. "The Directory for Family-Worship, Approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, for Piety and Uniformity in Secret and Private Worship, and Mutual Edification"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is said to be the finest summary of THE HOLY BIBLE available. It is recommended for daily devotions. See the following resources:
    1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS AS A CREED
      http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/signific.htm
    2. "The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms." Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications [and] Protestant Heritage Press CD. Also available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    3. Bordwine, James, A GUIDE TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS: CONFESSION OF FAITH AND LARGER CATECHISM, ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
      Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the CONFESSION and the LARGER CATECHISM.
    4. WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM WITH PROOF TEXTS
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM WITH SCRIPTURE PROOFS
      Arguably the greatest tract ever created, all factors considered.
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
      THE SHORTER CATECHISM
      Free downloadable PDF file.
      http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf
    6. Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
      "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
      http://www.shortercatechism.com/
    7. Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc
    8. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (The Westminster Standards), and Related Works: A Study Guide
      http://www.lettermen2.com/suggest.html
    9. The Scottish Covenanted Reformation continued the work of The Westminster Assembly. David Steel (1803-1887), is considered to be one of the most faithful Covenanter ministers in America. Notice that the citation following is an authorized, complete edition of their final TESTIMONY.
      Reformed Presbytery of North America (Steelite), David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, FOR THE WHOLE OF THE COVENANTED REFORMATION, AS ATTAINED TO, AND ESTABLISHED IN, BRITAIN AND IRELAND; PARTICULARLY BETWIXT THE YEARS 1638 AND 1649, INCLUSIVE. AS, ALSO, AGAINST ALL THE STEPS OF DEFECTION FROM SAID REFORMATION, WHETHER IN FORMER OR LATER TIMES, SINCE THE OVERTHROW OF THAT GLORIOUS WORK, DOWN TO THIS PRESENT DAY (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876).
      This is a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761. It was the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840.
      https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
    10. Church and State
      Works listed here discuss the decline of the influence of Calvinism and the Covenanted Reformation in Great Britain and the United States. The various alterations to the Westminster Standards are also discussed.
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#churchstate
    11. Heresies Defined and the Necessity of Heresies Explained, by George Gillespie, Scottish Commissioner to the Assembly of Divines at Westminster
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/gillespie/ggilles09.html

    Whytock, George, A Defence of Covenanting, Against the Attacks Made Thereon in a Late Publication, Intituled, A Dissertation on the Nature and Genius of the Kingdom of Christ, 1780.

    Willard, Samuel (1639-1707), The Duty of a People That Have Renewed Their Covenant With God: Opened and Urged in a Sermon Preached to the Second Church in Boston in New-England, March 17, 1679[/]80, after that church had explicitly and most solemnly renewed the engagement of themselves to God and one to another.

    *Williamson, G.I. (Gerald Irvin), The Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] for Study Classes, ISBN: 0875525385. A Christian classic.
    "The most thorough work on the Confession since A.A. Hodge." -- William Grier.
    "Describes the Christian faith. You will also find this treatment excellent in coverage and application to contemporary living. Examples of divergent doctrine, problems with other philosophy and cultural standards are presented. The arguments and Q&A after each section makes it practical for knowing and living a Christian life. This is not feel-good theology, but how intelligent and responsible people can seek to understand the breadth of scripture in a concise book." -- Publisher
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm
    Bordwine, James, A Guide to the Westminster Standards: Confession of Faith and Larger Catechism, ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
    Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the Confession and the Catechism.

    *Willson, James McLeod (1809-1866), Social Religious Covenanting, 1856. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27,
    Social Religious Covenanting, 1856.
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/7/27/social-religious-covenanting

    *Witsius, Herman (1636-1708), The Economy of the Covenants. Alternate title: THE OECONOMY OF THE COVENANTS BETWEEN GOD AND MAN, COMPREHENDING A COMPLETE BODY OF DIVINITY. BY HERMAN WITSIUS, . . . FAITHFULLY TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN, AND CAREFULLY REVISED, BY WILLIAM CROOKSHANK, D.D. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED THE LIFE OF THE AUTHOR, VOL. 1., 1774, 3 VOLS., ISBN: 0875528708. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27. A Christian classic.
    Witsius is considered to be the father of Covenant Theology.
    "Witsius (1636-1708), was a Dutch theologian, professor of Divinity at the Universities of Frankes, Utrecht, and Leyden. . . . In the very full introduction by J.I. Packer, you can get a very good overview. And at the same time you will get a succinct but amazingly appropriate overview of the scriptural covenants. . . . Packer compares Witsius to John Owen as a thorough, meticulous scholar who thought through everything before he set his pen to paper. It was this reviewer's blessing to obtain a set of Witsius in his early Christian life, and can testify to much help from them." -- Jay P. Green, Sr. (1918-2008)
    Witsius, Herman, The Economy of the Covenants Between God and Man: Comprehending a Complete Body of Divinity (1837)
    http://archive.org/details/MN41373ucmf_5
    Witsius, Herman, Of Election from ECONOMY OF THE COVENANTS BETWEEN GOD AND MAN
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/gospel/witsius_election.html
    Witsius, Herman, Of Justification, from ECONOMY OF THE COVENANTS BETWEEN GOD AND MAN
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/gospel/witsius_justification.html
    Witsius, Herman, Of the Violation of the Covenant of Works on the Part of Man from ECONOMY OF THE COVENANTS BETWEEN GOD AND MAN
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/gospel/witsius_violation_of_the_Covenant_of_Works.html

    Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), The Establishment Principle as now Interpreted: A Novelty Unknown to our Reformers and Subversive of Christ's Headship.

    *Wylie, James Aiken (1808-1890), The Papacy: Its History, Dogmas, Genius, and Prospects. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
    "In its day, this book, of 572 pages, won the Evangelical Alliance first prize for an essay on Popery. 'With all we have read of Popery, we have yet met with nothing in the English language which we regard to be so complete in itself, and so overwhelmingly destructive to Romanism,' noted the Evangelical magazine. (Evangelical magazines of Wylie's day obviously knew who their enemies were then; there are few that recognize this today. Some, in our day, even teach that a return to Rome is advisable, thinking that an alliance with idolaters will help free the land of social evils. In reality this will only serve as a further provocation against 'the Holy one of Israel,' bringing more curses, wrath and guilt upon our land.) Wylie's book combines the qualities of clear structure, vigorous logic, and eloquent style and yet is written with an absence of unchristian passion and prejudice; making its argument all the more useful to those trapped in Rome's web of deceit (or those seeking a fair and comprehensive treatment of this massive topic). It is also indexed. When this book first appeared in German, the Papists were careful to give it the 'silent treatment,' lest an inquiring Papist should hear of it and be inclined to read it. These same Romanists (later) also invoked the civil power against it, so fearful were they of its contents." -- Publisher

    Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), The Papal Hierarchy: An Exposure of the Tactics of Rome for the Overthrow of the Liberty and Christianity of Great Britain.
    See: The History of Protestantism (1902), vol. 1 of 3.
    http://archive.org/details/historyofprotes01wyli

    Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), Pilgrimage From the Alps to the Tiber; or, The Influence of Romanism on Trade, Justice and Knowledge.

    Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), Protestantism in Scotland (1878), Book 24 (illustrated), from Wylie's THE HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    "For the period covered by this book, Scotland went from a nation of uncivilized barbarians to national covenants with Christ, and then through many ups and downs as various factions tried to destroy true Christianity. From darkness to Hamilton, Wishart, Knox, and Melville, through to the Covenanters, the Westminster Assembly and the tragic deception used by Charles II, Wylie's racy style makes it hard to put this book down. Few other nations and periods of history provide such edifying reading. Highlights include Knox's call to the ministry, his interview with Queen Mary, his trial for treason, Melville's work, the National and Solemn League and Covenant, the civil war, the Westminster Assembly, and more." -- Publisher

    *Wylie, James A. (1808-1890), Story of the Covenant and the Service of the Covenanters to the Reformation in Christendom and the Liberties of Great Britain, 1880. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "A fine historical introduction to the battle for Godly government and liberty against the forces of anti-Christian bondage (to national sin and Satanic deception). The Covenanters are responsible, more than any other group historically, for maintaining 'the crown rights of King Jesus' -- even at peril of severe torture and the loss of their earthly lives. Their covenanting principles are still the purest and most faithful form of Christianity known to man, and the revival of these eminently Biblical views are a sure hope for the future! For a more extensive 'Cameronian' treatment of this subject: Howie's SCOTS WORTHIES." -- Publisher

    Wylie, Richard Cameron, Social Covenanting, 1900.

    Wylie, Samuel B. (1773-1852), The Obligation of Covenants: A Discourse, Delivered, Monday, June 27, 1803, After the Dispensation of the Lord's Supper, in the Reformed Presbyterian Congregation, Glasgow. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Obligation of Covenants
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/samuel-b-wylies-sermon-on-the-obligation-of-covenants

    Wylie, Samuel B. (1773-1852), A Sermon on Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.

    *Wylie, Samuel B. (1773-1852), The two Sons of oil; or, The Faithful Witness for Magistracy and Ministry Upon a Scriptural Basis (1850 edition, reprinted 1995). A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #13, #26.
    "A Covenanter classic opening Revelation 11:3,4 and Zechariah 4:14. It has been hailed as the 'best presentation of the position of the Covenanter Church that has been written.' Noting that the 'time has been, when the whole body of Presbyterians, in Scotland, England, and Ireland, unanimously subscribed' to these principles, 'for civil and ecclesiastical reformation' and that thousands bled and died for the glorious covenanted cause of civil and ecclesiastical reformation; Wylie sets out to explain and defend 'that cause. Not because it is an ancient cause; not because many have sealed it with their blood; but, because,' as he says, 'I thought it the doctrine of the Bible, and the cause of Christ.' This book explains how to tell if a government (especially a civil government), is faithful to Christ and thus to be obeyed for conscience's sake. It also gives direction regarding when and how to resist (and disassociate), yourself from governments which get their power from 'the beast.' Moreover, this book gives clear testimony as to what the Bible requires of civil magistrates, noting 'that civil rulers should exercise their power in protecting and defending the religion of Jesus.' It also gives plain reasons why dissent from the government of the United States (and other covenant breaking nations), is the legitimate Scriptural pattern." -- Publisher
    The two Sons of oil; or, The Faithful Witness for Magistracy and Ministry Upon a Scriptural Basis, Samuel B. Wylie
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/two-sons-of-oil.htm
    The two Sons of oil, or, The Faithful Witness for Magistracy and Ministry Upon a Scriptural Basis (1850), Samuel Brown Wylie and James McLeod Willson
    http://archive.org/details/twosonsofoilorfa00wylirich

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The westminster confession (1646, approved 1647), the westminster standards and related works, the westminster assembly, Justice, the theology of judgment, god's final judgment, the great white throne judgment, the day of the lord, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justification, Justifying faith, Church discipline, Church and state, God's deliverance of nations, Covenant theology and the ordinance of covenanting, The covenant of redemption, The covenant faithfulness of god, The regulative principle of worship, public worship, The covenant faithfulness of god, Acts of faithful assemblies, Background, foundation, and history of the covenanted reformation of scotland, An introduction to covenanted the reformation, The reformed presbytery of america, and other smaller reformed associations, Oaths, ensnaring vows, promises, and covenants, bonds with the ungodly, The covenanted reformation of scotland background and history, The national covenant, The solemn league and covenant, The covenanted reformation of scotland, The covenanted reformation of scotland author/title listing, Biography of covenanters, Acts of faithful assemblies, Covenanting in america, The scottish covenanting struggle, alexander craighead, and the mecklenburg declaration, Confession of national sin and covenant renewal, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Bible magistracy turns back the wrath of god, The doctrine of the lesser magistrates, Reform of the church, The application of scripture to the corporate bodies of church and state, The westminster confession (1646), the westminster standards and related works, The westminster confession of faith (1646), (the westminster standards) and related works: a study guide, The Lord's Supper, Communion, and Close Communion, Reformation eschatology, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), and so forth, and so on.

    Related Weblinks

    Apologetics #04: The Renaissance and the Reformation
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Apologetics, 47 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=3105181649

    Covenant Theology (also known as Covenantalism, Federal Theology, or Federalism)
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenant_theology

    Justifying Faith
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr1cha.html#justfaith

    The Ordinance of Covenanting, John Cunningham
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/6/29/ordinance-of-covenanting

    Puritan Downloads, The Puritan Hard Drive
    http://www.puritandownloads.com/swrb-puritan-hard-drive.html

    The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration
    http://www.lettermen2.com/craig.html

    Sermons by Eminent Covenanting Presbyterians
    http://www.covenanter.org/Sermons/sermonhome.htm

    A Theological Interpretation of American History
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#stiahis

    Works of C. Gregg Singer
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cgsinger



    The Puritan Revolution (1628-1660)

    *Beeke, Joel R., and Randall J. Pederson, Meet the Puritans: With A Guide to Modern Reprints, ISBN: 1601780001.
    "It's endorsed by Packer, Piper, MacArthur, Sproul, Duncan, Mohler, Ferguson -- and the recommendations go on and on.
    "It's packed with terse information, illustrations, great biographies on more than 140 individual Puritan authors, overviews of over 700 individual Puritan volumes, a list of all the known reprints published between 1956 and 2005, excellent articles, and a glossary of terms used. At 900 pages, its a deep well of information. As clothbound, it's made to endure years of use.
    "Important helps include chapters on who the Puritans are, why we should read them, and short histories of the English, Scottish and Dutch Puritans. I found the short history of the resurgence of Puritan literature in the 20th century especially interesting.
    "Here is just one quote, taken from the section explaining why we should read the Puritans today:
    With the Spirit's blessing, Puritan writings can enrich your life as a Christian in many ways as they open the Scriptures and apply them practically, probing your conscience, indicting your sins, leading you to repentance, shaping your faith, guiding your conduct, comforting you in Christ and conforming you to Him, and bringing you into full assurance of salvation and a lifestyle of gratitude to the triune God for His great salvation (xix).
    "Perfect for the beginner and the more advanced reader, MEET THE PURITANS will help guide and direct your way through the forest of Puritan authors.
    "In summary, I cannot say it better than our friend, Dr. Ligon Duncan:
    Joel Beeke and Randall Pederson have produced a tremendous gift to and resource for all who want an entryway into the study of the Puritans. They not only provide accurate biographical and theological introduction to every Puritan whose works have been reprinted in the last fifty years, but also combine with their helpful summaries an insightful analysis. If this were not enough, they've added major appendices that include the so-called Scottish Puritans (that is, the great Scottish theologians who were contemporaries of and like-minded brethren in doctrine and piety with the English Puritans), as well as the Dutch Further Reformation divines. MEET THE PURITANS, WITH A GUIDE TO MODERN REPRINTS is a must have. I know of nothing like it. If you are looking for a reliable window into the life, theology, piety and ministry of the Puritans -- this is it.
    The format of the book is simple. After a Preface explaining how to profit from reading the Puritans, a brief word about where to begin and a brief history of English Puritanism, there comes a long list of authors. Each author has his own chapter containing a short biography and a list of his books that have been reprinted. There is a review of each book along with publishing information and the number of pages. And that is the heart of the book and continues for some 800 pages. Five appendices deal with collections of Puritan writings, Scottish divines, Dutch further Reformation divines, secondary sources on the Puritans and a final word on Puritanism courtesy of J.I. Packer. In short, this is a one-stop-shop for all you could want to know as a beginner to the Puritans. And if you are already a fan of their writing, this book will lead you further and deeper, guiding you to the best books available." -- Reader's Comment

    Bremer, Francis J., Puritan Crisis: New England and the English Civil Wars, 1630-1670, ISBN: 082406173X 9780824061739.

    *Brook, Benjamin, Lives of the Puritans, 3 volumes, ISBN: 1877611794. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "This scarce three volume set was first published in 1813 in London, and there has never been a second printing until now. It contains biography and bibliography of many noted as well as relatively unknown (but not insignificant), Puritan pastors and authors of the 16th and 17th centuries. Brook's massive endeavor was, at his own admission, an updating of Edmund Calamy's classic NONCONFORMIST MEMORIAL. In volume one there are such men as Edward Deering, Bernard Gilpin, and Richard Greenham. In volume two are sketches of Thomas Gataker, Henry Smith, William Perkins, Richard Rogers, Henry Ainsworth, John Preston, Robert Bolton, William Ames, Henry Scudder, Arthur Dent, Daniel Dyke, Samuel Hieron, Nicholas Byfield, Richard Sibbes, and John Ball. Volume three contains Jeremiah Burroughs, Thomas Hooker, Thomas Shepard, Christopher Love, John Cotton, Obadiah Sedgwick, William Gouge, and Thomas Goodwin. And these are but a sampling of the hundreds of godly men you will find profiled." -- Jay P. Green, Sr. (1918-2008)

    Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, The Constitution Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625-1660. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30.
    "This period of time and thought had great bearing on the foundations of many nations, not the least of which include the United States and Canada. These documents are intended to serve either as a basis for the study of the constitutional history of this important period, or as a companion to the political history of the time. Relevant to both church and state." -- Publisher
    The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1628-1660
    http://books.google.com/books?id=wAUwAAAAMAAJ&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html

    *[Geneva Bible 1599 -- compiler] Calvin, John (1509-1564), et al. [John Knox, Theodore Beza, Miles Coverdale, William Whittingham, Anthony Gilby, Martin Luther, and others], Peter A. Lillback (foreword), Tolle Lege Press (preface), Gary DeMar (Notes to the Modern Reader), Marshall Foster (The History and Impact of the Geneva Bible), 1599 Geneva Bible, (Tolle Lege Press), 1400 pages, ISBN: 0975484699 9780975484692 0975484613 9780975484616 0975484621 9780975484623. Available (Tolle Lege Press restoration) on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, they brought along supplies, a consuming passion to advance the Kingdom of Christ, a bright hope for the future, and the Word of God. Clearly, their most precious cargo was the Bible. The GENEVA BIBLE, printed over 200 times between 1560 and 1644, was the most widely read and influential English Bible of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This superb translation was the product of the best Protestant scholars of the day and became the Bible of choice for many of the greatest writers, thinkers, and historical figures of that time [but the translation was surpassed by the AUTHORIZED KING JAMES VERSION in 1611, see 'Textual Criticism' -- compiler]. The GENEVA BIBLE is unique among all other Bibles. It was the first Bible to use chapters and numbered verses and became the most popular version of its time because of the extensive marginal notes. These notes, written by Reformation leaders such as John Calvin, John Knox, Miles Coverdale, William Whittingham, Anthony Gilby, and others, were included to explain and interpret the scriptures for the common people. For nearly half a century these notes helped the people of England, Scotland, and Ireland understand the Bible and true liberty. King James despised the GENEVA BIBLE because he considered the notes on key political texts to be seditious [to question the Divine Right of Kings -- compiler] and a threat to his authority. Unlike the KING JAMES VERSION, the GENEVA BIBLE was not authorized by the government. It was truly a Bible by the people and for the people. You can see why this remarkable version with its profound marginal notes played a key role in the formation of the American Republic. Until now, the only complete version available was a large, cumbersome, and difficult-to-read facsimile edition. But this new edition contains all the original words and notes [see the errata listing below -- compiler], but the type set has been enlarged and the font style change for today's reader." -- Publisher
    "This is the Bible that eventually put an end to Feudalism in Europe, strengthened Puritans, Quakers, and came to America on the Mayflower. This was the first Bible published in the language of the common people, the first Bible to contain commentary and verse numbers, and the first Bible written in English from Greek and Hebrew texts available from Constantinople, not from the Latin Vulgate. The dynamite in this Bible is the commentary accounting for about one third of its length.
    "The Church of England and King James were so upset they determined to create a new translation. They called it the KING JAMES VERSION. They choose to use language so formal and grand, even by the standards of those days, that the common people would find it difficult to understand. The GENEVA BIBLE was found seditious by it's insertions of commentary that spoke directly about the priesthood of lay believers, the church as naturally anti-oligarchy, and setting forth some other ideas considered anarchy by the King, but meaning freedom to the masses who read it. . . .
    "Important facts to remember about this Bible. The Reformation was strong in England and the Lollards were a lay group of huge influence that had to go underground. English Christian theologians, not Catholics and not Anglicans, fled in huge numbers to Geneva for freedom. Geneva was not part of Switzerland at that time, because Geneva was its own city-state. . . . The GENEVA BIBLE was printed 1560-1644. THE KING JAMES VERSION was published in 1611. The GENEVA BIBLE was against the law to own. . . ." -- Reader's Comment
    Available "in printed formats with various binding options from Tolle Lege Press. Tolle Lege Press has given Puritan Downloads permission to provide a PDF copy of their retypeset and fully searchable edition of the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE (Copyright 2006-2008, Tolle Lege Press), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The GENEVA BIBLE is the Puritan Bible with Reformation promoting marginal notes authored by prominent leaders of the Reformation (during the time of John Calvin and John Knox). The New Testament was translated out of the Greek, by Theodore Beza. The GENEVA BIBLE was the predominant English translation during the period in which the English and Scottish Reformations gained great impetus.
    "Iain Murray, in his classic work on revival and the interpretation of prophecy, THE PURITAN HOPE, notes,

    The two groups in England and Scotland developed along parallel lines, like two streams originating at one fountain. The fountain was not so much Geneva, as the Bible which the exiles newly translated and issued with many marginal notes . . . it was read in every Presbyterian and Puritan home in both realms. (p. 7)
    "This time also saw the rise of the forces for covenanted Reformation against the corruption and abuses of prelacy and the royal factions. Darkness was dispelled as people read this Bible and saw for themselves that there is no authority above the Holy Scriptures. Discerning this truth, it became apparent that the civil tyranny and the heretical superstitions imposed by Pope, King and Bishops were to be resisted unto death, if necessary (i.e. because these innovations in church and state were opposed to the Kingship of Christ and the law of His kingdom, as set forth in Holy Scripture).
    "Moreover, this is the Bible that led to the King James edition. James . . . did not want the Calvinistic marginal notes of the GENEVA BIBLE getting into the hands of the people because he considered them 'seditious' hence, he authorized the KING JAMES VERSION as a substitute (though the KJV far surpasses modern translations).
    "Although most people today have never heard of the GENEVA BIBLE, it was so popular from 1560 to 1644 that it went through 140 plus printings. The reason for its popularity among the faithful is obvious: the marginal notes promoted a full-orbed, nation-changing Protestantism! Taking a modern work, such as the SCOFIELD REFERENCE BIBLE, and comparing the notes to those of the GENEVA BIBLE, it will readily be seen that the religion of the Protestant Reformation bears no resemblance to much of the nonsense being prattled today!
    "Additionally, the later editions of the GENEVA BIBLE (like this 1599 edition), are more strongly Calvinistic and anti-Papal noted by Eason in THE GENEVAN BIBLE, NOTES ON ITS PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION. . . ."
    The notes of TOMSON'S NEW TESTAMENT of 1576, which took the place of the New Testament of the Bible of 1560 in many editions from 1587 onward, are entirely different from those in the GENEVA BIBLE. They are taken from Beza's Latin Testament, and are controversial and strongly Calvinistic.
    "Furthermore, Eason cites Pocock (a rabid anti-Calvinist), in the same book,
    The changes adopted in the GENEVA BIBLE and New Testament synchronize with the gradual spread of the Calvinistic heresy and the contemporaneous development of hatred of the whole Papal system of doctrine. The notes attacked the Sacramental teaching of the Church, substituting for it the Calvinistic doctrines of election and reprobation. They taught that Sacraments are nothing more than signs and seals of grace previously given to the elect. All passages about the Sacraments are explained away.
    ("We cite this quote, though it is full of a good deal of devilish nonsense, to demonstrate that even the enemies of biblical truth recognized the powerful impact that the GENEVA BIBLE was having in furthering the Protestant Reformation, as well as to show that the notes in the later versions of the GENEVA BIBLE were moving in the direction of a more distinct testimony against error and for the truth." -- RB) -- Publisher
    "There were three primary editions of the GENEVA BIBLE:
    (1) The editions that follow the first edition of 1560.
    (2) The editions in which TOMSON'S NEW TESTAMENT of 1576 is substituted for the 1560 New Testament.
    (3) The Bibles from 1598 that contain the Notes on Revelation of Francis Junius."
    "In our opinion, the notes in the 1599 edition were the most faithful to Scripture." -- The Genevan Bible, Notes on its Production and Distribution [Of course, the judgment and candor of Calvin are renown. This Bible played a key role in the Reformation, and anyone not using it 'will be the poorer for their neglect.' However, very few works are without caveats. Calvin used the LATIN VULGATE. His comments had to be translated from French. Experts (see 'Textual Criticism'), consider the authorized KING JAMES VERSION to be the most accurate translation. It used a literal approach to translation of the Traditional Text, which is referred to today as the Majority Text or Textus Receptus. Beza's translation of the New Testament is in a different category. One is urged to not neglect the knowledge developed over 400 years of Reformed scholarship since 1599. For example, compare the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE (1400 pages, 1366 in the Tolle Lege restoration edition), annotation with the annotation, theological notes, text notes, scripture notes, and other study aids of the NEW GENEVA STUDY BIBLE (2228 pages), with its own noted caveats. -- compiler]
    "Features of the Tolle Lege 1599 GENEVA BIBLE:
  • Word-for-word accuracy with the 1599 Geneva Bible [see the errata listing below -- compiler]
  • Original cross references
  • Modern spelling
  • Original study notes by Reformers
  • Old English Glossary
  • 2-page Family Tree Chart
  • Presentation page with several family registry pages
  • Easy-to-read print [see the errata listing below -- compiler]
  • Size: 8.75" X 11.5"
  • Approximately 1,400 pages." -- Publisher
  • Excerpts from two articles on the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE may be read at the Puritan Downloads site: "The Forgotten Translation," Gary DeMar, President of American Vision and Honorary Member of the 1599 Geneva Bible Advisory Board, and "Introduction to the 1599 Geneva Bible," Marshall Foster, President of the Mayflower Institute, Member of the 1599 Geneva Bible Advisory Board.
    http://www.swrb.com/bibles/bibles.htm
    "The GENEVA BIBLE has a unique place in history. It is some times called the BREECHES BIBLE. That term comes from the reference in Genesis 3:7 where it says that Adam and Eve clothed themselves in 'breeches' made from fig leaves. It is the product of Protestant scholars who had taken refuge in Geneva, Switzerland during the reign of Queen 'Bloody Mary' of England (1553-1558). It is also known as the Bible that the Pilgrims brought to America. It is older than the KING JAMES VERSION and is considered by some to be more 'Protestant' than the KING JAMES VERSION." [probably because of the Notes of the Geneva Reformers -- compiler] -- Reader's Comment
    "I've seen the facsimile versions of the GENEVA BIBLE and they don't even come close to this edition. The legibility and readability of this edition is far superior to other editions. -- Reader's Comment
    Tolle Lege Press edition of the 1599 Geneva Bible
    http://www.GenevaBible.com
    Perhaps the unique wisdom in the annotation by the Reformers, John Calvin, Martin Luther, John Knox, and Theodore Beza, among others, is due to their doctrinal position of the absolute sovereignty of God and the utter depravity of mankind. The notes are also very concise, explaining the meaning of Scripture and free of pedantic material.
    Sample notes from the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE, the Tolle Lege Press restored edition of 2007:
  • Genesis 1:11 "So that we see it is the only power of God's word that maketh the earth fruitful, which else naturally is barren.
  • Genesis 1:12 "This sentence is so oft repeated, to signify that God made all his creatures to serve to his glory, and to the profit of man: but for sin they were accursed, yet to the elect, by Christ they are restored, and serve to their wealth.
  • Genesis 2:16 "So that man might know there was a sovereign Lord, to whom he owed obedience.
  • Genesis 2:17 "By this death he meaneth the separation of man from God, who is our life and chief felicity: and also that our disobedience is the cause thereof.
  • Genesis 3:4 "This is Satan's chiefest subtlety, to cause us not to fear God's threatenings.
  • Genesis 4:5 "Because he was an hypocrite, and offered only for an outward show without sincerity of heart.
  • Genesis 9:6 "Not only by the magistrate, but oft times God raiseth up one murderer to kill another.
    Therefore to kill man is to deface God's image, and so injury is not only done to man, but also to God.
  • Psalm 37:1,7,11 "1 This Psalm containeth exhortation and consolation for the weak, that are grieved at the prosperity of the wicked, and the affliction of the godly. 7 For how prosperously soever the wicked do live for the time, he doth affirm their felicity to be vain and transitory, because they are not in the favor of God, but in the end they are destroyed as his enemies. 11 And how miserably that the righteous seemeth to live in the world, yet his end is peace, and he is in the favor of God, he is delivered from the wicked, and preserved.
  • Psalm 37:5 "Be not led by thine own wisdom, but obey God, and he will finish his work in thee.
  • Psalm 37:6 "As the hope of the daylight causeth us not to be offended with the darkness of the night: so ought we patiently to trust that God will clear our cause and restore us to our right.
  • Psalm 37:8 "Meaning, except he moderate his affections, he shall be led to do as they do.
  • Psalm 37:12 "The godly are assured that the power and craft of the wicked shall not prevail against them, but fall on their own necks, and therefore ought patiently to abide God's time, and in the meanwhile bewail their sins, and offer up their tears, is a sacrifice of their obedience.
  • Psalm 37:16 "For they are daily fed as with Manna from heaven, and have sufficient, when the wicked have never enough, but ever hunger.
  • Psalm 37:25 "Though the just man die, yet God's blessings are extended to his posterity, and though God suffer some just man to lack temporal benefits, yet he recompenseth him with spiritual treasures.
  • Psalm 37:29 "They shall continually be preserved under God's wings, and have at least inward rest.
  • Psalm 37:30 "These three points are required of the faithful, that their talk be godly, that God's law be in their heart, and that their life be upright.
  • Psalm 37:37 "He exhorteth the faithful to mark diligently the examples both of God's mercies, and also of his judgments.
  • Psalm 37:39 "He showeth that the patient hope of the godly is never in vain, but in the end hath good success, though for a time God prove them by sundry tentations.
  • John 1:1 "The Son of God is of one, and the selfsame eternity or everlastingness, and of one and the selfsame essence or nature, with the Father.
    "From his beginning, as the Evangelist saith, 1 John 1:1, as though he said, that the world began not then to have his being, when God began to make all that was made: for the word was even then when all things that were made, began to be made, and therefore he was before the beginning of all things.
    "Had his being.
    "This word, That, pointeth out unto us a peculiar and choice thing above all other, and putteth a difference between this Word, which is the Son of God, and the Laws of God, which otherwise also are called the word of God.
    "This word (With) putteth out the distinction of persons to us.
    "This word (Word) is the first in order in the sentence, and is that which the learned call (Subjectum) and this word (God) is the latter in order, and the same which the learned call (Predicatum).
  • John 1:3 "The son of God declareth that same his everlasting Godhead, both by the creating of all things, and also by the preserving of them, and especially by the excellent gifts of reason and understanding, wherewith he that beautified man above all other creatures.
    "Paul expoundeth this place, Col. 1:15 and 16 [Colossians 1:15,16].
    "That is, as the Father did work, so did the Son work with him: for he was fellow worker with him.
    "Of all those things which were made, nothing was made without him.
  • Jude 1:24 "He commendeth them to the grace of God, declaring sufficiently that it is God only that can give us that constancy which he requireth of us.
  • Hebrews 13:8b "all precepts of manners, and that is this: That we ought to quiet and content ourselves in Christ only: for there was yet never any man saved without the knowledge of him, neither is at this day saved, neither shall be saved hereafter.
  • Revelation 4:9 "God is said to have glory, honor, kingdom, and such like given unto him, when we godly and reverently set forth that which is properly and only his." -- excerpts from 1599 Geneva Bible, Tolle Lege Press, 2006, 2007)
  • 1599 Geneva Bible, Tolle Lege Press Restoration, Fourth Printing, 2008, Probable Errata Listing
    http://www.lettermen2.com/1599errata.html
    A Resolution That Tolle Lege Press and White Hall Press of Chicago Complete the Limited Modernization of the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE Begun in 2004 and of all Spin-off Publications
    http://www.lettermen2.com/1599resolve.html
    The 1599 Geneva Bible, Tolle Lege edition, online
    http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%201&version=GNV
    There is confusion in certain library records for the 1599 and 1672 Bibles that will only be resolved by physical inspection. The following is thought to be an alternative record for the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE.
    *Beze, Theodore de, Joachim Camerarius, Pierre Loyseleur, Laurence Tomson, and Franciscus Junius, The Bible, That is, The Holy Scriptures Conteined in the Old and New Testament. "Publisher: [Amsterdam?]: [publisher not identified], [approximately 1599]."
    1599 Geneva Bible Notes
    http://www.reformedreader.org/gbn/en.htm

    *Geneva Bible Notes, 1599
    The GENEVA BIBLE contained "marginal notes which were heavily influenced by John Calvin, John Knox, and many other leaders of the Reformation. The GENEVA BIBLE was the predominant English translation during the period in which the English and Scottish Reformations gained great impetus. Iain Murray, in his classic work on revival and the interpretation of prophecy, THE PURITAN HOPE, notes that, 'the two groups in England and Scotland developed along parallel lines, like two streams originating at one fountain. The fountain was not so much Geneva, as the Bible which the exiles newly translated and issued with many marginal notes . . . it was read in every Presbyterian and Puritan home in both realms.' (p. 7). This time also saw the rise of the forces for covenanted Reformation against the corruption and abuses of prelacy and the royal factions. Darkness was dispelled as people read this Bible and saw for themselves that there is no authority above the Holy Scriptures.
    "Although most people today have never heard of the GENEVA BIBLE, it was so popular from 1560 to 1644 that it went through 140 plus printings. The reason for its popularity among the faithful is obvious: the marginal notes promoted a full-orbed, nation-changing Protestantism. . . !
    " 'By 1599, the GENEVA BIBLE . . . added many Calvinist annotations for household use' (Bremer, The Puritan Experiment, p. 12). A number of the notes argued for family worship and instruction by the head of the household. Puritanism in the British Isles is known as an effort to continue the Reformation of the church in the area of worship and church government. However, the Puritans also sought to reform the family life according to Biblical principles . . . as a result of their efforts they 'were creators of the English Christian marriage, the English Christian family, and the English Christian home'." (J.I. Packer, A Quest for Godliness, p. 260) -- Publisher
    1599 Geneva Bible Notes
    http://www.reformedreader.org/gbn/en.htm
    For other GENEVA NOTES text see the following:

  • *KING JAMES BIBLE WITH THE GENEVA BIBLE NOTES, 1672,
  • 1599 GENEVA BIBLE, Tolle Lege Press restoration,
  • THE 1599 GENEVA BIBLE, TOLLE LEGE ONLINE EDITION,
  • "1599 GENEVA BIBLE, Tolle Lege Press Restoration, Fourth Printing, 2008, Probable Errata Listing," and
  • "A Resolution That Tolle Lege Press and White Hall Press of Chicago Complete the Limited Modernization of the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE Begun in 2004."
  • *King James Bible With the Geneva Bible Notes, 1672.
    This is considered to be a superior text to the 1599 GENEVA BIBLE, which is said to be about 80 percent Tyndale translation. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive and in The Amazing Christian Library. [broken link]
    "The best Reformation translation (King James Version), combined with the best Bible notes of the first Reformation, the GENEVA BIBLE notes. [The drawback of the 1672 is that it has never been restored with a modern typeface. -- compiler] A great tool for public, family, and private worship and study. Printed from a marvelously clean original copy, surpassing the quality of all other printings (of the GENEVA BIBLE NOTES in particular), we have seen. Contains almost 1000 (8.5 X 11 inch), pages with notes on the complete Bible (Old and New Testaments), making this a veritable library of study and classic Protestant commentary in just one book." -- Publisher
    The following title is apparently an alternative edition of the 1672 AKJV with GENEVA NOTES:
    James, King of England, Lancelot Andrewes, Theodore de Beze, Franciscus Junius, and John Canne, The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testament; Newly translated out of the originall tongues and with the former translations diligently compared and revised by his Majesties speciall command; With most profitable Annotations [probably the GENEVA NOTES -- compiler] upon all the hard places, and other things of great importance; Which notes have never before been set forth with this new translation; but are now placed in due order with great care and industrie. "Publisher: [Amsterdam]: [Stephen Swart], Printed in the Year MDCLXXII."
    The Authorized King James Version of 1611 (Pure Cambridge Edition), Digital Text
    "The PURE CAMBRIDGE EDITION (first published circa 1900), is the product of the process of textual purification that has occurred since 1611 when the AUTHORIZED VERSION was completed, and has been used (often unwittingly), as the received text for many decades. Millions of copies conformed to this edition were issued by Bible and missionary societies in the twentieth century. This text stands in contrast to all other editions (especially newly edited and modernized ones). . . ." -- excerpt from Bible Protector homepage
    https://archive.org/details/king-james-bible-pure-cambridge-edition-pdf

    Miller, Perry (editor), and Thomas H. Johnson (editor), The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings, two volumes in one, ISBN: 0486416011 9780486416014.
    "Critically acclaimed classic lets Puritans speak for themselves in crucial documents covering history, theory of state and society, religion, customs, behavior, biographies and letters, poetry, literary theory, education, science, and more. Regarded by historian Samuel Eliot Morison as 'the best selection ever made of Puritan literature, point of view and culture.'
    "This thematic consideration of primary source material covers the major epochs of early American Puritanism. It includes the Puritan's views on the state and society, this world and the next, poetry, education, and so on. First published in 1938." -- Cyril J. Barber

    Solt, Leo F., Saints in Arms: Puritanism and Democracy in Cromwell's Army.

    Symonds, Richard, Diary of the Marches of the Royal Army During the Great Civil War.

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Church and state, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justification, Justifying faith, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Puritanism: works by and about puritans, Puritan paperback series from banner of truth, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, The covenanted reformation of scotland author/title listing, Background, foundation, and history of the covenanted reformation of scotland, The application of scripture to the corporate bodies of church and state, Reformation eschatology, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), and so forth, and so on.

    Related Weblinks

    Puritanism
    The Puritan Theological and Cultural Heritage
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Puritan Heritage, 47 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=9220394856

    The Puritan Political Heritage
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Puritan Heritage, 47 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=922039503

    The Departure From the Puritan Heritage
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Puritan Heritage, 52 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=92903104657



    Unity and Uniformity in the Visible Church: Unity in the Truth

    The Treasury of David, Psalm 133, C.H. Spurgeon
    Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! (Psalm 133:1)
    http://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps133.php

    For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office: So we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one members one of another. (Romans 12:4,5)

    Therefore I, the prisoner of the Lord, implore you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling with which you have been called, with all humility and gentleness, with patience, showing tolerance for one another in love, being diligent to preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all. (Ephesians 4:1-6)

    But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ, from whom the whole body, being fitted and held together by what every joint supplies, according to the proper working of each individual part, causes the growth of the body for the building up of itself in love. (Ephesians 4:15,16)

    Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. (Philippians 2:2)

    For you must give up your own right if you would discharge your duty: a regard to your own interests must not be put in preference to Christ's glory, or even placed upon a level with it. -- John Calvin commenting on Philippians 2:21

    See the Theological Notes: "The Church," at Ephesians 2:19 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ. (Ephesians 4:15)

    Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
    There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling;
    One Lord, one faith, one baptism,
    One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.
    (Ephesians 4:3-6)

    And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient, in meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth; And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. (2 Timothy 2:24-26)

    See the Theological Notes: "Heaven," at Revelation 21:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! (Psalm 133:1)

    The Treasury of David, Psalm 133, C.H. Spurgeon
    Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! (Psalm 133:1)
    http://archive.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps133.php

    And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 12:25)

    Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom. But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth. This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work. But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace. (James 3:13-18)

    That their hearts might be comforted, being knit together in love, and unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the acknowledgement of the mystery of God, and of the Father, and of Christ; In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. (Colossians 2:2,3)
    It is an evil which prevails everywhere among mankind, that every one sets himself above others, and especially that those who seem in anything to excel cannot well endure their inferiors to be on an equality with themselves. And then there is so much morosity almost in all, that individuals would gladly make churches for themselves if they could; for they find it so difficult to accommodate themselves to the ways and habits of others. The rich envy one another; and hardly one in a hundred can be found among the rich, who allows to the poor the name and rank of brethren. Unless similarity of habits or some allurements or advantages draw us together, it is very difficult even to maintain a continual concord among ourselves. Extremely needed, therefore, by us all is the admonition to be stimulated to love and not to envy, and not to separate from those whom God has joined to us, but to embrace with brotherly kindness all those who are united to us in faith. And surely it behoves us the more earnestly to cultivate unity, as the more eagerly watchful Satan is, either to tear us by any means from the Church, or stealthily to seduce us from it. And such would be the happy effect, were no one to please himself too much, and were all of us to preserve this one object, mutually to provoke one another to love, and to allow no emulation among ourselves, but that of doing "good works." For doubtless the contempt of the brethren, moroseness, envy, immoderate estimate of ourselves, and other sinful impulses, clearly show that our love is either very cold, or does not at all exist.
    Having said, Not forsaking the assembling together, he adds, But exhorting one another; by which he intimates that all the godly ought by all means possible to exert themselves in the work of gathering together the Church on every side; for we are called by the Lord on this condition, that every one should afterwards strive to lead others to the truth, to restore the wandering to the right way, to extend a helping hand to the fallen, to win over those who are without. But if we ought to bestow so much labor on those who are yet aliens to the flock of Christ, how much more diligence is required in exhorting the brethren whom God has already joined to us?
    As the manner of some is, etc. It hence appears that the origin of all schisms was, that proud men, despising others, pleased themselves too much. But when we hear that there were faithless men even in the age of the Apostles, who departed from the Church, we ought to be less shocked and disturbed by similar instances of defection which we may see in the present day. It is indeed no light offense when men who had given some evidence of piety and professed the same faith with us, fall away from the living God; but as it is no new thing, we ought, as I have already said, to be less disturbed by such an event. But the Apostle introduced this clause to show that he did not speak without a cause, but in order to apply a remedy to a disease that was making progress. -- John Calvin commenting on Hebrews 10:25

    "It should be kept in mind that 'spiritual unity' [the unity between persons having the same objective faith in the Gospel -- compiler], is much more intimate than physical unity can be [Spiritual unity transcends geographical distance and transcends temporal time to eternity. Therefore, a Christian funeral, while bittersweet, is also a great celebration. The spirit may have left the body, but there is a love among the faithful that transcends space and temporal time into eternity, and that oneness is felt by the Elect at a funeral. -- compiler], and that such physical analogies of spiritual unity as the Lord's Supper and marriage, rather than exaggerating the intimacy of spiritual unity, do not even approach it." -- John W. Robbins commenting on Philemon 4-7 in Slavery Christianity

    All things in life are interrelated. It was in recognition of this that universities (for unity in diversity), were instituted for higher learning. Recognition of Christ as the center of all things: Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free: but Christ is all, and in all. (Colossians 3:11b) For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever. Amen. (Romans 11:36) It becomes easier to understand the necessity for unity of believers. "And for real worship to take place there must be unity." -- Ravi Zacharias

    Acheson, Thomas Houston, Our Desires Concerning Unity in Religion, and Uniformity of Church Government, as a Special Mean to Conserve Peace in His Majesty's Dominions: Being an Offprint of Appendix I of the History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, by William Maxwell Hetherington.

    Anderson, John, Overcoming Division and Unifying the Visible Church: A Rebuke Against the Sin of Occasional Hearing, 1794 Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "A sermon on Cease, my son, to hear the instruction that causeth to err from the words of knowledge. (Proverbs 19:27). What is aimed at in this discourse is, to strike at a principal root of the numerous divisions now in the visible church. It teaches that we ought not to be in a state of separation from any church-communion, but upon such grounds as are scriptural; and upon such considerations, as involving the declarative glory of God, are of inconceivable and infinite importance. Were this doctrine embraced, there would be no separate church-communions upon trivial pretences; or for the sake of religious tenets or usages in the worship of God which have no foundation in his word; no separate church-communions on account of local customs, uncertain opinions, or uninstituted ceremonies; no separate church-communions founded on the narrow and interested views of a faction. What is here attempted is a seasonable application of the cautions, with which the scriptures abound, against false teachers. To direct church-members to the right use and application of such cautions will be the endeavor of the faithful ministers of Christ; an endeavor which is rendered peculiarly necessary by the corruptions which prevail in the present (divided -- RB), state of the visible church. Those who reckon that practical religion is not concerned in the subject of this discourse should consider that true believers have it for their distinguishing character, that they abhor false doctrine, and avoid communion with the teachers of it. (John 10:5, Rev. 14:4 [Revelation 14:4]),' notes the author. 24 pages." -- Publisher

    Anonymous, A Vindication of the Presbyteriall-government, and Ministry: Together, with an Exhortation, to all the ministers, elders, and people, within the bounds of the province of London, whether joyning with us, or separating from us. Published, by the ministers, and elders, met together in a provinciall assembly, Novemb. 2d. 1649. Wherein, amongst other things, these ensuing particulars are contained; 1. That there is a Church-government, by divine right. 2. That the magistrate, is not the fountain of Church-government. 3. That the presbyterial-government, is by divine right. 4. The inconveniencies of the congregationall-way. 5. That the ruling-elder is by divine right. 6. That it is the will of Jesus Christ, that all sorts of persons should give an account of their faith, to the minister, and elders, before admission to the Lords Supper; . . . 7. Directions to the elders, for the right managing of their office. 8. Directions to such as are admitted to the Lords Supper, . . . 9. Rules to preserve people, from the errours of these times. 10. That separation from our churches, is justly charged with schisme. 11. That ministers formerly ordained by bishops, need no new ordination. 12. The necessity and usefulness of catechizing. Licensed, entred, and printed according to order, 1649. Available (under Robert Baillie and Sundry Ministers of London) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.

    *Anselm, Saint, Archbishop of Canterbury (1033-1109), On Truth, in ANSELM OF CANTERBURY: THE MAJOR WORKS, pages 151-174.
    In his definition of Truth Anselm includes rectitude, that is, righteousness. Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life. (John 14:6)

    *Associate Synod of Scotland (1733-1820), A Solemn Warning . . . Wherein the Great Sin, Danger, and Duty of the Present Generation in These Lands, are Pointed out and Declared (1758). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "A stinging rebuke against personal, ecclesiastical and national sins; with the intent to turn the readers of this title from these sins and thus avoid God's wrath: for the LORD is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting king: at his wrath the earth shall tremble, and the nations shall not be able to abide his indignation." (Jeremiah 10:10) -- Publisher

    Bacon, Richard, The Visible Church and the Outer Darkness: A Reply Against Those Claiming to be True Presbyterians Separating in Extraordinary Times.

    Baillie, Robert (1599-1662), The Unlawfulness and Danger of Limited Prelacy, or Perpetual Presidency in the Church, Briefly Discovered, 1641. Alternate title: THE UNLAVVFULNESSE AND DANGER OF LIMITED EPISCOPACIE. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "A defense of Alexander Henderson."

    *Bannerman, James (1807-1868), The Church of Christ: A Treatise on the Nature, Powers, Ordinances, Discipline, and Government of the Christian Church, 1869, 2 volumes. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "Two large volumes. A classic on the Church and worship! This is one of the most extensive studies of its kind ever compiled. Nothing compares to it on this subject. Regarding these gems, Iain Murray has stated, 'In our day, however greatly we need an evangelical revival, we need more than that. We need another Reformation, a movement which will go 'to the root of the mischief' and bring back the visible church to the pattern of God's Word in her government, ordinances and ministry. The republication of Bannerman is a step in that direction . . . For those who wish to study the doctrine of the Church in its several aspects as it was held by the majority of the Reformers, Puritans, Covenanters and leaders of 'The Third Reformation,' it will prove an invaluable textbook." -- Publisher

    Barrow, Greg, Protestant Antidote to Modern Disunity (1/5) (Debate with Richard Bacon), audio files. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "Defection from Reformation teaching on separation, unity, church membership, church government, terms of communion, creeds, confessions, covenants, etc., exposed (in modern Presbyterian and Reformed churches), and corrected in accordance with Scripture and the best teachers and preachers of the (first and second), Protestant Reformations. This is chapter four from the book THE COVENANTED REFORMATION DEFENDED: "Misrepresentation #4: The Puritan Reformed Church of Edmonton (PRCE) is guilty of imposing the traditions of men upon the conscience by requiring terms of communion that are unscriptural." -- Publisher
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/misrep4.htm
    Protestant Antidote to Modern Disunity (1/5) (free audio file)
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonid=81202235217
    Protestant Antidote to Modern Disunity (2/5) (free audio file)
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonID=8130218525
    Protestant Antidote to Modern Disunity (3/5) (free audio file)
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonID=815022132

    Barrow, Greg, and Larry Birger, Covenanted Uniformity: The Protestant Remedy for Disunity, three (3) audio files. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Baxter, Richard (1615-1691), The English Nonconformity, as Under King Charles II. and King James II. Truly Stated and Argued, by Richard Baxter. Who Earnestly Beseecheth Rulers, and Clergy, not to Divide, and Destroy the Land, and cast their own souls on the dreadful guilt and punishment of national perjury, lying, deliberate covenanting to sin against God, corrupt his Church, and not amend, nor by laws or blind malignity, to reproach faithful ministers of Christ, and judge them to scorn and beggery, and to lie and die in jails as rogues, and so to strengthen profaneness, popery and schism, and all for want of willingness and patience to read and hear their just defence; while they can spend much more time in sin and vanity. The author humbly begs that he and his books of unconfutable defence of a mistaken persecuted cause may not be witnesses against them for such great and wilful sin to their condemnation.

    Black, John (1768-1849), Church Union and Communion, 1819. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    Boston, Thomas (1676-1732), The Nature of Church Communion Illustrated: or, The Unity of the Body of Christ, and the duty the members owe to one another opened. Being the substance of several sermons on 1 Cor. x. 17. [1 Corinthians 10:17]. Alternate title: ON CHURCH COMMUNION. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE WORKS OF THOMAS BOSTON), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #5.

    Bunyan, John (1628-1688), Exhortation to Unity and Peace. Available (THE WORKS OF JOHN BUNYAN), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    Pilgrim's Page: A John Bunyan Archive
    This is the complete set of THE WORKS OF JOHN BUNYAN, George Offor edition, reprinted by The Banner of Truth. It is free online, and is downloadable in the following formats: HTML, RTF, TEXT, and PDF.
    http://www.chapellibrary.org/literature/bunyan/
    THE COMPLETE WORKS OF JOHN BUNYAN is also available at Project Gutenberg.

    *Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

    Burroughs, Jeremiah (1599-1646), Gospel Reconciliation, or, Christ's Trumpet of Peace to the World Wherein is Shewed (Besides Many Other Gospel Truth) . . . That There was a Breach Made Between God and man . . . to which is added two sermons, 1657, ISBN: 1567690661 9781567690668.
    "Notes: Published with a testimony by Thomas Goodwin, William Bridge, William Greenhil, Sydrach Sympson, Philip Nye, John Yates, William Adderley."
    "Gods present mercies to his people are arguments of future mercies, preached at Saviors Southward, May 2, 1641; Old age is a crown of glory . . . preached before the Company of Mercers at their chappel, May 20, 1641."

    Calamy, Edmund (1600-1666), An Indictment Against England Becavse of her Selfe-mvrdering Divisions: Together With an Exhortation to an England-preserving Unity and Concord: Presented in a Sermon Preached Before the . . . House of Lords in the Abby Church at Westminster, at the Late Solemne Fast, Matt. 12:25, December 25. 1644. [Matthew 12:25] Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Calamy, Edmund (1671-1732), Truth and Love. A Discourse From Ephesians IV.15., at the Merchants-lecture, at Salters-Hall, November 29. 1720. [Ephesians 4:15]

    Calvin, John (1509-1564), The True Method of Giving Peace to Christendom and of Reforming the Church, 1548. Available in CALVIN'S SELECTED WORKS, TRACTS AND LETTERS. Available (CALVIN'S SELECTED WORKS, TRACTS AND LETTERS), on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Calvin, John (1509-1564), The Unity of the Reformed Churches. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    *Durham, James (1622-1658), Concerning Scandal. A Christian classic. Alternate title: THE DYING MAN'S TESTAMENT TO THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND: OR, A TREATISE CONCERNING SCANDAL. A Christian classic. Available (1659 edition), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The Rise of The Following Treatise
    "Having had occasion to consider the Book of the Revelation, and being on the Epistle to the Church of Pergamos in the second chapter, ground was given to speak something of Scandal, by reason of several doctrines clearly arising from that place. Upon this occasion I did first essay the writing of something of the doctrine of scandal in general, intending only to have spent a sheet or two thereupon, as elsewhere on some other subjects. When this was brought to a close, I found the place to give ground to speak of public church offenses, as they are the object of church discipline and censures. And being convinced, that that subject was not impertinent to be spoken of, I yielded to spend some thoughts upon it also, which did draw to a greater length than at first was intended or was suitable for a digression. This being finished, as it is, and any more thoughts of this subject laid by, it occurred again to me to think of doctrinal scandals or of scandalous errors. And considering that the scandals mentioned in that place, are of such nature, and that such are very frequent in this time, I yielded also to put together what thoughts the Lord would furnish concerning the same, whereupon followed the third part of this treatise.
    "When this was even at the closing, there was a fourth part of the same subject that did occur to me to be thought on, which before that had never been minded, and that was concerning scandalous church divisions. To this my mind and inclination was exceedingly averse at first, as knowing it not only to be difficult in itself to be meddled in, but also exceedingly above me, who am altogether unsuitable to hazard on such a subject. Yet considering the rise of the motion, and how the Lord had helped through the other parts, I did resolve to condescend to follow it, at least so far till it might appear what was his mind to me therein, and accordingly did follow it till it came to the period (whatever it be), that now it is at.
    "This is the true rise and occasion of this treatise, and of the several parts thereof, and therefore I have continued its entry in the original mold thereof, to wit, in laying down some general doctrines from that place of Scripture, and if there is afterward any more particular relation to the second and third chapters of the Revelation than to other Scriptures, this simple narration of the rise thereof may satisfy any concerning the same. Whereof we shall say no more, but first lay down grounds of all from that text, and then proceed in the treatise, which is divided in four parts, upon the reasons formerly hinted.
    "The Grounds of This Treatise
    "Among other things that troubled the church in the primitive times, scandal, or offense, was a chief one. The many directions that are given concerning it, and the reproofs that are of it, show that it is a main piece of a Christian's conversation to walk rightly in reference thereto, and a great evidence of looseness where it is not heeded. On verse 6 [Rev. 2 (Revelation 2:6)], we show that this was a sole fault of the Nicolaitans to be careless of offending, or of giving of offense, and not to regard scandal; and here the Lord holds it forth to be so by comparing it with Balaam's practice (v. 14 [Revelation 5:14]), which is aggreged from this, that he taught Balak to lay a stumbling block before Israel. From which these doctrines may be gathered:

    1. That there is such a fault incident to men in their carriage, even to lay stumbling-blocks before others and to offend them.
    2. That men ought to walk so as not to offend others, or so as to lay no stumbling-block before them. So that it is not enough not to stumble themselves (if this could be separated from the other), but also they ought to be careful not to stumble others.
    3. The Lord takes special notice how men do walk in reference to others in this, and is highly provoked where he sees any guilty of it.
    4. The Devil has ever endeavored to have offenses abounding in the church, and to make some lay such stumbling-blocks before others.
    5. It is most hurtful to the church, and destructive to souls where offenses abound, and men walk not tenderly in reference to these; so that the Lord expresses it with a twofold woe (Matt. 18 [Matthew 18]), as being a woe beyond sword and pestilence.
    6. We may gather that corrupt doctrine never [lacks] offenses joined with it, and that ordinarily those who spread that, are untender in this.
    7. That offenses often accompany the rise and beginning of any work of Christ's among a people; these tares of offenses are ordinarily then sown.
    8. That some offenses are of a public nature, and that church officers should take notice of such, and that it is offensive to Christ when they are overlooked and not taken heed unto.
    9. Church officers, even such as other ways are approved in their carriage and ministry, may fall in this fault, as by comparing the Epistles to Pergamos and Thyatira, is clear.
    10. When officers fall in this fault, it is yet no reprovable thing in members that are pure in respect of their own personal carriage, to continue in communion with such a church, the ordinances other ways being pure." -- Author's Introduction
    "In this work Mr. Durham, in opening and examining the different scandals which deface the visible church, causing both the professed people of God, and the heathen to stumble and fall in the snares of sin and the devil, shows carefully and clearly the various means of avoiding and remedying these offenses, and what the people of God in their various places and stations must do to maintain the beauty of Zion in godliness and holiness, in purity and in peace.
    "James Durham's work on scandal and offense is the first of several books Naphtali Press plans to publish by 17th century Scottish Presbyterians. Many of the works of this group of writers are classic statements on the subjects they treat. This book of Durham's is such a work.
    "John Macleod (SCOTTISH THEOLOGY), says, 'His book on the Scandal of Church divisions has long been looked upon as the Scottish classic on its topic.' John Macpherson (DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH IN SCOTTISH THEOLOGY), says, 'Taken all in all it is the very best book we have on the subject.' According to James Walker (THE THEOLOGY AND THEOLOGIANS OF SCOTLAND): 'He is the author of a book which once was very famous. For a hundred years and more you find it constantly referred to. Unhappily, as in so many other instances, it has a forbidding, or at all events not an attractive name. Yet I am not sure that anywhere a better idea is to be obtained of our old ecclesiasticism, and of its freedom to a large extent from the severity and rancorousness which have been so often attributed to it, than from the book 'On Scandal,' by this judicious man, who, with his thorough, searching, cumbrous intellect, reminds you not seldom of John Owen.'
    "The work is divided into four parts. The first deals with scandal and offense in general, where he defines these terms, and discusses private offenses between individuals, and how they are given and taken. In the second part he writes concerning public scandals, or such that need to be in some way taken notice of by the government of the church, and the various scriptural teachings on the order, implementation, and motive of church discipline. The third is about scandalous errors; the spreading of error, why it spreads, the Lord's design in it, Satan's devices in spreading error, and the duties of Christians in a time when error prevails. Of particular interest is a lengthy treatment of the minister's duty toward those seduced to error, where the four steps of discovery (or trial), conviction, admonition and rejection of an heretic are discussed. The last part concerns scandalous divisions in the church, how they arise, the evil of them, grounds for unity, things to overlook in order to unite, things to do in order to unite, and how to unify where the division concerns differences in church government.
    "Excerpted from THE DYING MAN'S TESTAMENT TO THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, or, A TREATISE CONCERNING SCANDAL by James Durham. Copyright. Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved." Publisher
    "This book ought to be required reading in seminaries and, indeed, for all who would serve as elders in Christ's church. It will repay careful study and breathe grace into our handling of the disciplinary problems that often confront us. Sessions will find real blessing if they study together Part Two [public scandals], especially." -- Gordon J. Keddie, Semper Reformanda, Vol. 2, No. 3
    "The appearance of a new and handsomely reset edition of James Durham's classic and unique work on ecclesiastical discipline is a timely and welcome event in these days of laxity in doctrine and morality within the church. The author was a Covenanter who ministered in the Church of Scotland during the Cromwellian interregnum. Possessed of a fragrant saintliness and an irenic spirit, he completed this volume on his deathbed, at age 36, under the title, 'The Dying Man's Testament to the Church of Scotland.' Durham grieved over the divisions that racked the Christian community of his time and was concerned that church discipline not be abused either by flagrant neglect or excessive rigor. The weighty scriptural balance he brings to his subject is unequaled." -- Gordon J. Keddie, Semper Reformanda, Vol. 2, No. 3
    "The book is divided into four parts -- Part One: Concerning Scandals in General -- dealing with offences between individual Christians. Part Two -- Concerning Public Scandals -- dealing with church discipline. Part Three: Concerning Doctrinal Scandals -- dealing with the spread of error in the church. Part Four: Concerning Scandalous Divisions -- dealing with divisions between godly men occasioned by such things as different outlooks and practices. The editor has spared no effort to make this old classic readable and useful." -- Austin R. Walker, Banner of Truth, Issue 337
    "In this work Mr. Durham, in opening and examining the different scandals which deface the visible church, causing both the professed people of God, and the heathen to stumble and fall in the snares of sin and the devil, shows carefully and clearly the various means of avoiding and remedying these offenses, and what the people of God in their various places and stations must do to maintain the beauty of Zion in godliness and holiness, in purity and in peace. This edition is based on the text of the edition printed in 1680, with revisions to contemporize the spelling, punctuation, and usage. This book has long been looked upon as the Scottish classic on this topic." -- GCB
    Concerning Scandal (extracts)
    http://www.naphtali.com/scanextr.htm

    Ellul, Jacques (1912-1994), Anarchy and Christianity, 1991, ISBN: 0802804950 9780802804952.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Of Uniformity in Religion, Worship of God, and Church Government. This is chapter 15, "A Treatise of Miscellany Questions," pp. 82-85 in GEORGE GILLESPIE'S WORKS, VOLUME 2. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #19.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/Uniformity.htm

    Goodwin, Thomas (1600-1680), Christ the Universall Peace-maker: or, The Reconciliation of all the People of God, Notwithstanding all Their Differences, Enmities, 1651. Available in THE WORKS OF THOMAS GOODWIN, volume 8, ISBN: 1892777916 9781892777911.
    Goodwin, Thomas, The Works of Thomas Goodwin
    http://archive.org/details/worksofthomasgoo01good

    *Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), The National Covenant (1638) and Solemn League and Covenant (1643). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "The National Covenant, a Scottish Presbyterian document, primarily composed by Alexander Henderson and Archibald Johnstone of Wariston. It was composed in opposition to the 'policies of Charles I. Written in the context of the riots resulting from the imposition of 'Laud's Liturgy' in 1637 and the King's refusal to receive the petitions of supplicants for redress, the National Covenant was an appeal . . . to defend the true Reformed religion, and to decline the recent innovations in worship decreed by the King.' (Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 620)
    "Furthermore, it was 'an assertion by the Kirk of freedom from royal or state control, a personal oath of allegiance to Jesus Christ, the only Head of the Church, the King of kings, and a dedication of life to him. It stemmed directly from God's covenant of grace, was in the succession of those earlier bonds the Scots had made with God for his people's defence and deliverance, and represented a call in the Pauline sense to 'conduct themselves a citizens.' (Idem.) This covenant (and the Solemn League and Covenant described below), are still binding on all true Presbyterians and the hearty and steadfast renewal of these faithful documents would constitute a mighty means toward modern reformation, seeing that much of the contemporary church and all modern states have set themselves against the Lord, and against his anointed (Psalm 2:2); excepting, maybe, the African state of Zambia, which seems to be presently reforming, but not yet covenanted to the Lord. The Solemn League and Covenant was first of all a religious covenant and secondly a civil league. 'After noting that they had one king and one Reformed religion and expressing their concern about the estate of both the Church and kingdom of England and Scotland, the signatories swear to preserve 'the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland' and the Reformation of religion in England and to bring the churches to the 'nearest Conjunction and Uniformity in Religion', confession, government, and worship. They also bound themselves to extirpate popery and prelacy as well as superstition, heresy and whatever is contrary to sound doctrine . . . to bring to trial all who hinder such reformation of religion or divide the king from his people and to continue such 'to all Posterity' and not suffer themselves to be withdrawn from 'this blessed Union and Conjunction.' (Ibid., pp. 786-789). This covenant gave teeth to the work of the Westminster Assembly and united three nations under the Lordship of Jesus Christ. It was publicly taken by the Westminster Divines and the English parliament on September 25th. 'On the 9th of October the king issued a proclamation from Oxford, denouncing this document as 'in truth nothing else but a traitorous and seditious combination against us and the established religion of this kingdom;' straitly charging and commanding all his loving subjects, upon their allegiance, 'that they presume not to take the said seditious and traitorous Covenant.' And at last an order was issued by the Parliament, in February 1644, commanding the Covenant to be taken throughout the kingdom of England by all persons above the age of 18 years; which order was accompanied by an exhortation prepared by the Assembly of Divines. In Scotland, as soon as information was received of what had taken place in London, the Committee of Estates ordered the Covenant to be subscribed by all ranks and conditions of people, on penalty of the confiscation of property, or such other punishment as his Majesty and the parliament might resolve to inflict.' (Hetherington The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, pp. 127-128). Furthermore, Hetherington goes on to call this bond 'the wisest, the sublimest, and the most sacred document ever framed by uninspired men.' (p. 134). If you want to understand Presbyterianism these two covenant documents offer as much light as any others we know of. They are inextricably linked to the Westminster Standards, historical testimony and the covenanted reformation. Some still believe that they will once again be renewed on an international basis near the beginning of the millennium, in preparation for the days when the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea. (Isaiah 11:9). With this sentiment we wholeheartedly concur!" -- Publisher
    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), The National, 1638 and Solemn League and Covenant, 1643
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/CRTSol.htm
    Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), National Covenant
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/4/1/the-national-covenant

    Henry, Carl F.H., W. Stanley Mooneyham, One Race, One Gospel, One Task; Official Reference Volumes: Papers and Reports, 2 volumes.

    *Hetherington, William H. (1803-1865), The Independent Controversy, the Westminster Assembly and Cromwell. Alternate titles: HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES, and INDEPENDENT CONTROVERSY, THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY, AND CROMWELL. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "Though Cromwell has been lauded by many in our day, faithful lovers of truth in his day rejected him and the attendant errors of his Independent abettors. Concerning Cromwell and company, the ACT, DECLARATION AND TESTIMONY . . . by the Reformed Presbytery (1876 ed.), witnesses to the truth that Presbyterians, 'both refused subjection unto, and testified against the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell and his accomplices (the Independents -- RB), his invading the land,' and 'his anti-Christian toleration of all sectarian errors and heresies,' which were at that time 'threatening the ruin and destruction of the true religion, as well as liberty.' Cromwell's so-called 'tolerance' extended to the execution of one Presbyterian minister and the persecution of others. He played an instrumental part in scuttling the Christ honoring covenanted uniformity of the Reformed religion that was being fought for in the period covered by this book. The debates, especially between the Independents and the Presbyterians, in this eventful period, are still with us today and have changed very little, if at all. This is a good place to examine the historical context and the theological argumentation that is foundational to these two antagonistic systems." -- Publisher

    Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), The Covenanter's Narrative and Plea: Exhibiting the Error, Schism, Radicalism, and Slander of Dr. Paul and Other Separatists From the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Alternate title: NARRATIVE OF COVENANTING.

    *Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), Unity and Uniformity in the Church, 1881. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "This item lays out the case for unity among churches, proving its assertions from: (1) throughout Scripture; (2) from our Lord's declaring His will both in precept and prayer; (3) from apostolic practise; and (4) from the Covenanted Reformation's 'Solemn League and Covenant' which lead to the production of the Westminster Standards. Houston notes that in the Apostolic church 'the government of the church was one and common wherever churches were planted. It was Presbyterian, and neither Prelatic, a system of monarchial despotism, nor Congregational, a system of popular democracy.' This biblical and Presbyterian uniformity was considered the apostolic, visible and doctrinal manifestation of the scriptural injunction to 'one Lord, one faith (and) one baptism.' Houston also points out that 'the only true and safe way of union is based on the platform of Scriptural uniformity; while that which is framed on allowing diversity in doctrine, and differences in government and worship, is a mere human contrivance, and its effect is to sanction and perpetuate divisions (which is to sanction schism under the false pretence of unity -- RB), and to mar the prospect of an ultimate happy union in the church of Christ.' Biblical union and uniformity is shown to be based on 'agreement in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government.' Moreover, the author contends that, 'this is to be constantly sought after by men united in mind and heart, pledged to God and to one another; it is to be externally manifested, and to be diligently labored for, that it may be generally and universally prevalent. It is never to be viewed as impracticable. This was the main design of the convocation of the Westminster Assembly.' The eschatological aspect of visible unity is also noticed, shedding valuable light on such postmillennial strongholds as, The watchmen on the walls of Zion shall see eye to eye, they shall lift up the voice together, and together shall they sing (Isaiah 52:8), and The Lord shall be King over all the earth; in that day there shall be one Lord, and His name one. (Zechariah 14:9). This book is full of faithful encouragement and is one of the best introductions to this topic we have seen." -- Publisher

    Lim, Paul Chang-Ha, In Pursuit of Purity, Unity, and Liberty: Richard Baxter's Puritan Ecclesiology in its Seventeenth-century Context, ISBN: 1429408065 9781429408066 9789004138124 9004138129.
    "Richard Baxter's ecclesiology will be the focus of this study. Baxter (1615-1691) lived through the British Civil Wars, the Regicide, the Interregnum, the restoration of monarchy and episcopacy in 1660, subsequent ejection of numerous Puritan pastors, and the Glorious Revolution of 1689. His ecclesiology was formed within these multifarious contexts. Among others, three significant facets of purity, unity, and liberty are examined in detail. This book re-examines the central role of catechizing and congregational discipline in Baxter's understanding of the true church, his insistence that the purity and unity of the church are to be pursued concurrently, the self-perceived identity of English Puritans, and the question of the true church in the latter-half of the seventeenth century." -- Publisher

    *Lloyd-Jones, David Martyn (1899-1981), The Basis of Christian Unity: An Exposition of John 17 and Ephesians 4.

    Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), Meate out of the Eater, or, Hopes of Unity in and by Divided and Distracted Times. Discovered in a Sermon Preached Before the Honourable House of Commons at Margarets Westminster on Their Solemne day of Fast, June 30. 1647. By Tho: Manton Minister of Stoke-Newington, 1647.

    MacPherson, John, Unity of the Church: The Sin of Schism in DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH IN SCOTTISH THEOLOGY: THE SIXTH SERIES OF THE CHALMERS LECTURES, ISBN: 1331600987 9781331600985.

    Marshall, Stephen (1594?-1655), A Sermon Preached to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, and Court of Aldermen of the City of London, at Their Anniversary Meeting on Easter Monday April 1652, at the Spittle. Wherein the Unity of the Saints With Christ, the Head, and Especially With the Church, the Body; With the Duties Thence Arising, are Endeavoured to be Cleared. Tending to Heale our Rents and Divisions. The second impression, corrected by the authour. By Stephen Marshal B.D. and minister of the gospel at Finchingfield in Essex, 1652.

    McAuley, John (1807-1883), The Duty of the Church to be one, to be Undivided, Unseparated
    http://www.covenanter.org/JMcauley/dutyofchurchtobeone.htm

    McMaster (M'Master), Gilbert (1778-1854), Thoughts on the Union of the Church, 1846.

    M'Crie, Thomas (the younger, 1797-1875), Two Discourses on the Unity of the Church: Her Divisions, and Their Removal; To Which is Subjoined a Short View of the Plan of Religious Reformation Originally Adopted in the Secession. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    The Unity of the Church
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/Unity_00.htm

    Miller, C. John (1928-1996), Allen Herbert Harris, George Smith, Rev., C. John Miller, Thomas E. Tyson, William Krispin, Wesley Pinnock, Drew Trotter, John F. Bettler, and Frank M. Barker, Body Life: Purpose of (Ephesians 4:1-16), 5 sound cassettes [audio file], (Christian Counseling and Educational Foundation).
    Audio cassette BL01 [audio file].

    *Moore, Edwin Nisbet, Our Covenant Heritage: The Covenanters' Struggle for Unity in Truth as Revealed in the Memoir of James Nisbet (1667-1728), and Sermons of John Nevay (d. 1672), ISBN: 1857926188. Includes bibliographical references and index.
    "A new book, OUR COVENANT HERITAGE, examines the rise and fall of the Scottish Church. It rose when men placed the rights of God above the rights of man. It fell when men abandoned unity in truth. It is written by Ed Moore, who spent several years examining why the Covenanters, particularly those who lived near Loudoun Castle, were willing to die for their understanding of God's truth. The answer is found in the sermons of their minister John Nevay on God's Covenant of Grace and in the Memoirs of James Nisbet, one of their number who survived their epic battle for truth only to face the age-old struggle of Christ's church for unity in truth." -- Publisher
    Our Covenant Heritage, Edwin Nisbet Moore
    http://www.covenanters.com/

    Newell, John, and Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland, Synod, Scriptural Unity: A Sermon Preached at the Opening of the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in Belfast, June 29th, 1863.

    *Owen, John (1616-1683), Church Purity and Unity, ISBN: 9780851511306 0851511309. A Christian classic.
    "Discourses on liturgies, their imposition, evangelical love, Church peace and unity, and argument for congregationalism, with an answer to critics, a defense of the Puritans against charge of schism, a brief (84 pages!), introduction to the worship of God via a short catechism."

    *Owen, John (1616-1683), A Cluster of the Fruit of Canaan: Rules of Walking in Fellowship, With Reference to the Pastor or Minister That Watcheth for our Souls. Alternate title: ESHCOL: A CLUSTER OF THE FRUIT OF CANAAN; BROUGHT TO THE BORDERS, FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THE SAINTS, TRAVELLING THITHER-WARD, WITH THEIR FACES TOWARDS SYON. OR, RULES OF DIRECTION, FOR THE WALKING OF THE SAINTS IN FELLOWSHIP, ACCORDING TO THE ORDER OF THE GOSPEL. COLLECTED AND EXPLAINED FOR THE USE OF THE CHURCH AT COGGESHALL, BY JOHN OWEN THEIR PASTOR, 1648. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF JOHN OWEN Vol. 13. (13:1-49).

    *Owen, John (1616-1683), Discourses Conserning Evangelical Love, Church-peace and Unity: In Five Chapters. Chap. I. Complaints of want of love and unity among Christians; how to be managed; and where is the fault. Chap II. Commendations of love and unity; their proper objects, with general rules and measures of love towards all mankind in general: allows not salvation unto any without faith in Jesus Christ: of the differences in religion as to outward worship. Chap. III. The nature of the Catholick Church, the first and principal object of Christians love; differences among the members of this church, of what nature and how to be managed. Chap. IV. Want of love and unity among Christians justly complained of; causes of divisions and schisms, 1. misapprehensions of evangelical unity. 2. Neglect in churches to attend upon known gospel duties. 3. Trusting in worldly grandeir, remainders of corruptions, weakness and ignorance. 4. Remedies thereof. Chap. V. The grounds and reasons of nonconformity, &c. By the late Reverend John Owen, D.D., 1696. Available in various editions of THE COMPLETE WORKS OF JOHN OWEN

    Price, Greg L., Only True Unity, 1997, audio file. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Price, Greg L., Worldwide Calvinistic Unity and Loving one Another (1 John Series 18 of 27), MP3. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    A sermon by Greg Price commenting on Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. (1 John 4:7)
    "An amazing sermon which exposes all unity which is not based on truth (e.g. in groups like Promise Keepers), as necessarily based on lies -- and as treason against King Jesus! Defends the Reformation view of visible and covenanted unity and uniformity from Scripture, and from pertinent quotes from Calvin (during first Reformation), Henderson (the Second Reformation architect of the Solemn League and Covenant), and others. Exhibits how Reformed teaching has always viewed the real schismatics (whether in the majority or minority), as those who press 'independent denominationalism' and as those who tolerate a sinful multiformity -- against the national establishment of the one true Reformed religion. Calvin and the Geneva Presbytery of his day even counseled excommunication and exile for those that would not swear to their 'covenanted uniformity' in upholding the Geneva Confession of 1536 (cf. Calvin, Covenanting and Close Communion by Reg Barrow). Moreover, Price shows how our scandalous modern multiformists (which includes the leaders of most so-called 'conservative Presbyterian' denominations today), teach and act in direct opposition to Christ's high priestly prayer in John 17, as well as the high standard of visible unity that will one day be attained worldwide (as seen in the prophetic words found in Zechariah 14:9: And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one). Furthermore, the portion of this sermon dealing with loving the brethren is one of the most convicting practical sections of a contemporary sermon that we have ever heard. Such preaching is extremely humbling, calculated to exalt Christ and His truth, and to drive sinful human beings to the throne of grace -- seeking everlasting mercy and forgiveness in the only place that it can truly be found. In short, Price calls us back to our first love (individually), and to the biblical attainments of our covenanted forefathers (corporately). It is unlikely that you will find modern preaching much better than this. This sermon is also available on cassette [audio file]." -- Publisher
    Worldwide Calvinistic Unity and Loving one Another (1997) by Greg Price (I John 4:7 [1 John 4:7], #18 of 27)
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?currSection=sermonsspeaker&sermonID=5270121261

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), An Explanation and Defence of the Terms of Communion, Adopted by the Community of Dissenters, etc. Alternate title: AN EXPLANATION AND DEFENCE OF THE TERMS OF COMMUNION, ADOPTED BY THE COMMUNITY OF DISSENTERS: TOGETHER WITH AN INTRODUCTION, CONTAINING SOME REMARKS ON THE PROPRIETY OF TERMS OF COMMUNION, IN GENERAL, THE WHOLE INTENDED TO OBVIATE SOME MODERN OBJECTIONS AND TO SATISFY THE MINDS OF THOSE WHO ARE WILLING TO BE INFORMED ON THE SUBJECT. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2 and #19.
    "Defends the inescapable necessity of creeds and confessions, while promoting a fully creedal church membership. Shows how the law of God obliges all Christians to think the same things, and to speak the same things; holding fast the form of sound words, and keeping the ordinances as they have been delivered to us. (Col. 3:13 [Colossians 3:13]). After laying some basic groundwork, this book proceeds to defend the six points of the 'Terms of Ministerial and Christian Communion Agreed Upon by the Reformed Presbytery.' These six points are the most conservative and comprehensive short statements of consistent Presbyterianism you will likely ever see. Besides the obvious acknowledgement of the alone infallible Scriptures, the Westminster Standards, and the divine right of Presbyterianism, these points also maintain the perpetual obligation of our Covenants, National and Solemn League, the Renovation of these covenants at Auchensaugh in 1712, and the Judicial Act, Declaration and Testimony emitted by the Reformed Presbytery. In short, this book sets forth adherence to the whole of the covenanted reformation, in both church and state, as it has been attained by our covenanting forefathers." -- Publisher
    An Explanation and Defense of the Terms of Communion, Adopted by the Community of Dissenters, etc.
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/24/an-explanation-and-defense-of-the-terms-of-communion

    Rutherford, Samuel (1600-1661), False Unity and Biblical Separation From the Act, Declaration, and Testimony for the Whole of our Covenanted Reformation. Cited in the Act, Declaration, and Testimony for the Whole of our Covenanted Reformation . . . by the Reformed Presbytery, 1876 edition. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/FalseUnity.htm

    Smeaton, George, The Scottish Theory of Ecclesiastical Establishments and how far the Theory is Realised: An Address to the Glasgow Conservative Association, April 13, 1875. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.

    Spear, Wayne R., Covenanted Uniformity in Religion: The Influence of the Scots Commissioners on the Ecclesiology of the Westminster Assembly, 1976.

    Stillingfleet, Edward (1635-1699), Irenicum. A VVeapon-salve for the Churches Wounds. Or the Divine Right of Particular Forms of Church-government; Discussed and examined according to the principles of the law of nature, the positive laws of God, the practice of the Apostles and the primitive Church, and the judgement of reformed divines. Whereby a foundation is laid for the Churches peace, and the accommodation of our present differences. Humbly tendered to consideration. By Edward Stillingfleete, rector of Sutton in Bedfordshire, 1660.

    Tesdale, Christopher (b. 1591 or 2), Hiervsalem: or A Vision of Peace, Isa. 28:18 [Isaiah 28:18]; Judg. 5:8 [Judges 5:8]: In a Sermon Preached at Margarets in Westminster, Before the Honourable House of Commons at their monethly fast, Aug. 28. 1644. By Christopher Tesdale, Pastor at Husborn Tarrant, in the county of Southampton, and a member of the Assembly of Divines. Alternate title: JERUSALEM: A VISION OF PEACE. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Wilder-Smith, A.E., The Basis of True Fellowship, an audio file.

    Willard, Samuel (1639-1707), The Duty of a People That Have Renewed Their Covenant With God: Opened and Urged in a Sermon Preached to the Second Church in Boston in New-England, March 17, 1679[/]80, after that church had explicitly and most solemnly renewed the engagement of themselves to God and one to another.

    *Willson (alt. Wilson), James McLeod (1809-1866), Some Reasons for Retaining the Westminster Confession as the Basis of Ecclesiastical Union. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "Explains why the use of the Westminster Confession is one of the best ways in which to obtain godly ecclesiastical union. This booklet pays special attention to the biblical teaching regarding civil government and shows why changes to the original WCF (regarding this matter), has resulted, not surprisingly, in much ecclesiastical disunity. It also contains some interesting notes on the millennial power and glory that will be exhibited in both church and state 'in the day of the Lord's power.' Excerpted from The Original Covenanter and Contending Witness Magazine, (volumes 1:1-4).

    Wood, James (1608-1664), A Declaration of the Brethren who are for the Established Government and Judicatories of This Church, Expressing Their Earnest Desires of Union and Peace With Their Dissenting Brethren, 1658.

    Wood, James (1608-1664), A Little Stone, Pretended to be out of the Mountain, Tried, and Found to be a Counterfeit, [refutation of an Independent] or, An Examination and Refutation of Mr. Lockyers lecture, preached at Edinburgh, anno 1651, concerning the mater of the visible church: and afterwards printed with an appendix for popular government of single congregations: together with an examination, in two appendices, of what is said on these same purposes in a letter of some in Aberdene, who lately have departed from the communion and government of this church, 1654.
    Separation From Corrupt Churches
    "Extracts From James Wood, A LITTLE STONE PRETENDED TO BE OUT OF THE MOUNTAIN, TRIED AND FOUND TO BE A COUNTERFEIT."
    http://www.naphtali.com/wood.htm

    Wordsworth, John, The One Religion: Truth, Holiness and Peace Desired by the Nations and Revealed by Jesus Christ: Eight Lectures Delivered Before the University of Oxford in the Year 1881, on the Foundation of John Bampton, 1887.

    *Zacharias, Ravi (1946-2020), The Uniqueness of Christ in World Religions (part 1 of 2)
    This is a very sensitive presentation of major differences between Islam and Christianity.
    The address also applies to a wide array of other issues such as "duality" (the Western position), logic, the law of non-contradiction, "either/or," absolutism verses relativism, etc. -- and "non-duality" (the Eastern position), "both/and," the Hegelian dialectic (the synthesis of opposites into a "higher truth"), situational ethics, values clarification, political compromise, democracy, "have your cake and eat it too," and so forth, and so on.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJHUOmOpd4U
    The Uniqueness of Christ in World Religions (part 2 of 2)
    "The reality of human nature is best portrayed in the teaching of Christ."
    Christianity alone explains the questions of unity in diversity, the one and the many, The Trinity, and spiritual oneness.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYCdlk67lWY

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The love and justice of god, oneness, Immanuel, christ's presence, christ in you, Unity and uniformity in the visible church: unity in the truth, The lord's supper, communion, and close communion, Hope, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Absolute truth and relativism, Epistemology of theology, the theory of knowledge, Glory in iniquity, the temptation of vainglory, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justification, Justifying faith, The one and the many, The Holy Bible, Inspiration, revelation and infallibility, Sola scriptura, Reform of the church, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Bible magistracy, Absolute truth and relativism, Textual criticism, Logic based on god's truth, Canonicity, Church and state, Toleration, liberty of conscience, pluralism, "religious freedom," and neutrality, The Westminster Standards and Family of Documents, The national covenant, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Introduction to the covenanted reformation, The covenanted reformation of scotland background and history, The covenanted reformation, National establishment of religion: establishmentarianism, Church government, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Unfaithful reformed ministries, The heart and the mind, the mind/body relationship, Pseudo-christian movements: a selection of works, The application of scripture to the corporate bodies of church and state, and so forth, and so on.
    TCRB5: 3724-3735

    Related Weblinks

    Tract, Biblical Unity and Uniformity, a tract
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/FREEBOOK/unity.htm

    Worldwide Calvinistic Unity and Loving one Another (1 John Series 18/27)
    A sermon by Greg Price commenting on Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. (1 John 4:7)
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?currSection=sermonsspeaker&sermonID=5270121261



    The Westminster Confession of Faith (completed by the Assembly in 1646, approved by Parliament in 1647), The Westminster Standards and Related Works, The Westminster Assembly

    As far as I am able to judge by the information in all history of that kind, the Christian world, since the day of the Apostles, had never a synod of more excellent divines (take one thing with another), than this Synod [The Westminster Assembly], and the Synod of Dort [Dordt] were. -- Richard Baxter (1615-1691)

    See the Theological Notes: "The Word of God: Scripture as Revelation" at Exodus 32:16, in The Reformation Study Bible.

    See the Theological Notes: "True Knowledge of God," at Jeremiah 9:24 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    Many scholars consider alterations to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), originally compiled by the Westminster Assembly of Divines, to be a "reverse plagiarism," an alteration of the original document by someone beside the author, and then passed off to the public, under the original title, as the work of the original authors. Plagiarize: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another), as one's own use (a created production), without crediting the source; to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary)
    Revisers have altered the content of the original WCF (1646), have removed key doctrine related to Christ's Crown and Covenant, and yet have retained the name given by the Westminster Assembly. Consequently, revisers have deceived many in the Church into believing that their alterations are the work of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1646.
    Most Presbyterian and Reformed denominations and seminaries today prescribe to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1879), the "American Version." Ideas have consequences. Because theology is truth, when men delete or alter key doctrines, or replace sound doctrine, deducted from God's infallible Word by logic, with human imaginations, then the course of history is changed.
    For a detailed analysis of the devastating consequences to American history caused by non-Biblical alterations in the Westminster Confession of Faith and non-Biblical alterations to constitutional government in the United States see the following:
    Lawson, George (1749-1820), Considerations on the Overture, Lying Before the Associate Synod: Respecting Some Alterations in the Formula Concerning the Power of the Civil Magistrate in Matters of Religion; and The Obligation of our Covenants, National and Solemn League on Posterity.
    The Topical Listing "A Theological Interpretation of American History"
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#stiahis
    In Great Britain the Independents and Calvinistic Baptists edited the Westminster Confession (1646) for their own use, but they gave the new confessions a different name, the Savoy Declaration and the Baptist Confession. Certainly this was the honest procedure.
    "In 1788 the U.S. Constitution and the revised Westminster Confession were ratified. For a detailed discussion see:
    From Old School to New School in CROSSED FINGERS: HOW THE LIBERALS CAPTURED THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, by Gary North
    http://entrewave.com/freebooks/docs/html/gncf/Chapter03.htm
    See also the following:
    American Revisions to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1789)
    http://www.opc.org/documents/WCF_orig.html
    Appendix A: Major Changes of the Savoy Declaration
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappa.html
    Appendix B: Major Changes of the PCUSA (1788-1958)
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappb.html
    Appendix C: Major Changes of the UPCUSA and PCUS (1958-1983)
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappc.html

    In the same establishment may be found believers in nearly every dogma of the Popish creed, who nevertheless have declared their faith in articles which are distinctly Calvinistic; and now last, and, to our minds, most sorrowful of all, it comes out that there are men to be found among Caledonia's once sternly truthful sons who can occupy the pulpits and the manses of an orthodox Presbyterian church, and yet oppose her ancient confession of faith. Our complaint is in each case, not that the men changed their views, and threw up their former creeds, but that having done so they did not at once quit the office of minister to the community whose faith they could no longer uphold; their fault is not that they differed, but that, differing, they sought an office of which the prime necessity is agreement. All the elements of the lowest kind of knavery meet in the evil which we now denounce. Treachery is never more treacherous than when it leads a man to stab at a doctrine which he has solemnly engaged to uphold, and for the maintenance of which he receives a livelihood. The office of minister would never wittingly be entrusted by any community to a person who would use it for the overthrow of the principles upon which the community was founded. Such conduct would be suicidal. A sincere belief of the church's creed was avowedly or by implication a part of the qualification which helped the preacher to his stipend, and when that qualification ceases the most vital point of the compact between him and his church is infringed, and he is bound in honor to relinquish an office which he can no longer honestly fulfill." -- Charles Spurgeon in "Ministers Sailing Under False Colours," Sword and Trowel, February, 1870, quoted by John W. Robbins, February 10, 2006

    *Beeke, Joel R. (editor), and Sinclair B. Ferguson (editor), Reformed Confessions Harmonized, ISBN: 080105222X.
    "A helpful tool for ministers, scholars, church leaders, and all who love the Reformed faith." -- R.C. Sproul
    "Despite the acknowledged importance of confessional statements throughout church history, the most significant of these documents have never before been published in a single volume. Now Drs. Beeke and Ferguson have harmonized seven important Reformed confessions into a convenient parallel arrangement.
    "Joel R. Beeke is pastor of Heritage Netherlands Reformed Congregation in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and professor of systematic theology and homiletics at Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary. Sinclair B. Ferguson, former professor at Westminster Theological Seminary, is now the minister of St. Georges-Tron parish in Glasgow, Scotland, and the author of numerous books on Reformed theology." -- Publisher

    *Brown, John (of Haddington, 1722-1787), Westminster's View of the "Everlasting" Solemn League and Covenant. Available in THE ABSURDITY AND PERFIDY OF ALL AUTHORITATIVE TOLERATION OF GROSS HERESY, BLASPHEMY, IDOLATRY, POPERY, IN BRITAIN, 1797. Available (THE ABSURDITY AND PERFIDY OF ALL AUTHORITATIVE TOLERATION), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE ABSURDITY AND PERFIDY OF ALL AUTHORITATIVE TOLERATION), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #7, #25, #26.
    The Absurdity and Perfidy of all Authoritative Toleration of Gross Heresy, Blasphemy, Idolatry, Popery, in Britain
    http://archive.org/details/absurdityperfidy00brow
    "Interestingly, in the section defending the continuing obligation of the National and Solemn League and Covenant, we also note that the Westminster Assembly considered the Solemn League and Covenant an 'everlasting covenant.' Brown cites the following as proof, 'That the body of the English nation also swore the Solemn League and Covenant, is manifest. The Westminster Assembly and English Parliament, affirm, 'The honourable house of Parliament, the Assembly of Divines, the renowned city of London, and multitudes of other persons of all ranks and quality in this nation, and the whole body of Scotland, have all sworn it, rejoicing at the oath so graciously seconded from heaven. God will, doubtless, stand by all those, who with singleness of heart shall now enter into an everlasting covenant with the Lord.' (p. 161, emphasis added). The footnote tells us that the words Brown was quoting were taken from 'Exhortation to take the Covenant, February, 1644'." -- Publisher

    *Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

    Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), Samuel William Carruthers, Presbyterian Church of Australia in the State of New South Wales. Westminster Society. The Westminster Confession of Faith: From the Original Manuscript Written by Cornelius Burges in 1647.
    "Notes: First printed 1946. "Supplement: The amendments to the Confession made by the General Assembly of The Presbyterian Church of Australia and The declaratory statement of 1901."

    Carruthers, S.W., The Everyday Work of the Westminster Assembly.

    Carruthers, S.W., Westminster Confession of Faith [1646]: An Account of the Preparation and Printing of the WCF's Seven Leading Editions, to which is appended a critical text of the Confession, with notes thereon. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Carson, John L. (editor), David W. Hall (editor), To Glorify and Enjoy God: A Commemoration of the 350th Anniversary of the Westminster Assembly, ISBN: 0851516688 9780851516684.
    "Contents: Westminster Assembly commemorations / David W. Hall -- The context and work of the assembly / Samuel T. Logan, Jr. -- The men and parties of the assembly / William S. Barker -- The preaching of the assembly / Robert M. Norris -- The Westminster Confession of Faith and Holy Scripture / Wayne R. Spear -- The Westminster Shorter Catechism / Douglas F. Kelly -- The Westminster Larger Catechism / W. Robert Godfrey -- The form of church government / John R. de Witt -- The directory for public worship / Iain H. Murray -- The sovereignty of God / James M. Boice -- The pre-eminence of Christ / Joel Nederhood -- The application of redemption / Eric J. Alexander -- The influence of Westminster / Jay E. Adams -- The unfinished Westminster Catechism / Wayne R. Spear -- Parliamentary background of the assembly / David W. Hall -- A bibliographical guide / David W. Hall."

    Church of Scotland, General Assembly, The Confession of Faith, and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms: First Agreed Upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster: and Now Appointed by the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, to be a Part of Uniformity in Religion Between the Kirks of Christ in the Three Kingdoms. Together with the Sum of Saving Knowledge, and the Practical use Thereof.

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Church and State, the Biblical View: A Compilation of Articles From Some of the Best Christian Minds in History. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "A compilation of articles from some of the best Christian minds in history, including Cunningham, Smeaton, M'Crie, Symington, Gillespie, the Westminster Divines, Bannerman, Owen and Shaw. This book shows that, generally speaking, the leaders of the Reformed faith have all come to substantial agreement regarding what the Scriptures teach about Christ's Kingship over the nations and the Church. Establishmentarianism is clearly seen to be the historically Reformed consensus, and this has a huge impact on the way one views both the Church and the state, in relation to Scripture." -- Publisher

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), The Westminster Confession on the Relationship Between Church and State. Alternate title: REMARKS ON THE TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTER OF THE CONFESSION OF FAITH, AS BEARING ON EXISTING CONTROVERSIES. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    "Chapter eight excerpted from DISCUSSIONS ON CHURCH PRINCIPLES. Answers the false claims that the Westminster Divines contradicted themselves on this issue and/or that they were Erastians. Proves that changes made to the original Westminster Confession, concerning church and state issues, were in error -- clearly demonstrating why this is so." -- Publisher
    The Westminster Confession on the Relation Between Church and State, William Cunningham
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-westminster-confession-on-the-relation-between-church-and-state.php

    De Witt, John R., Jus Divinum: The Westminster Assembly and the Divine Right of Church Government.

    English Parliament, A.H. Scoto-Britan, A Declaration of the Lords and Commons Assembled in Parliament Concerning the Papers of the Scotts Commissioners, 1647. Alternate title: A BITTE TO STAY THE STOMACKS OF GOOD SUBIECTS, OR, A SUDDAINE AND SHORT VINDICATION OF THE SCOTTS COMMISSIONERS PAPERS INTITULED, THE ANSWER OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND, &C. FROM THE IMPUTATIONS LAID UPON THEM, IN THE DECLARATION OF THE LORDS AND COMMONS ASSEMBLED IN PARLIAMENT, CONCERNING THE PAPERS OF THE SCOTS COMMISSIONERS, &C.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Nihil Respondes: or, A Discovery of the Extream Unsatisfactorinesse of Master Colemans Peece, Published Last Weeke Under the Title of A Brotherly Examination Re-examined: Wherein, his self-contradictions: his yeelding of some things, and not answering to other things objected against him: his abusing of Scripture: his errors in divinity: his abusing of the Parliament, and indangering their authority: his abusing of the Assembly: his calumnies, and namely against the Church of Scotland, and against my selfe: the repugnancy of his doctrine to the Solemne League and Covenant, are plainly demonstrated, 1645.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Notes of Debates and Proceedings of the Assembly of Divines and Other Commissioners at Westminster, February 1664 to 1645, 1846.

    Hall, David W., and Duncan III, J. Ligon, The Westminster Assembly: A Guide to Basic Bibliography (Oak Ridge, TN [The Covenant Foundation, 190 Manhattan Avenue, Oak Ridge 37830]: The Covenant Foundation), ISBN: 1884416012.

    *Hetherington, William (1803-1865), The History of the Westminster Assembly, ISBN: 0921148321 9780921148326. Available (PDF and MP3), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1, #10, #30.
    " 'Every person who has directed his attention to the events of the seventeenth century, whether with regard to their civil or their religious aspect, has felt that it was impossible fully to understand either the one or the other line of study, without taking into view the character of the Westminster Assembly, the purpose for which it met, and the result of its deliberations . . . The man who penetrates a little deeper into the nature of those unrevealed but powerful influences which move a nation's mind, and mould its destinies, will be ready to direct his attention more profoundly to the objects and deliberations of an assembly which met at a moment so critical, and was composed of the great master-minds of the age; and the theologian who has learned to view religion as the vital principle of human nature, equally in nations and in the individual man, will not easily admit that weak idea, that such an assembly could have been an isolated event, but will be disposed earnestly to inquire what led to its meeting, and what important consequences followed. And although the subject has not hitherto been investigated with such a view, it may, we trust, be possible to prove, that it was the most important event in the century in which it occurred; and that it has exerted, and in all probability will yet exert, a far more wide and permanent influence upon both the civil and the religious history of mankind than has generally been ever imagined,' writes William Hetherington in this book THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY (pp. 16-17, emphasis added). This book is probably the best popular historical account ever published regarding this unsurpassed Assembly. The history leading up to the Assembly is especially important and not only set the context for what became the major debates among the ministers present, but even dictated who was selected to this august body of scholars. These debates and their resolutions have defined and directed Christian thought and culture ever since their original ratification. Hetherington covers the period from 1531 to 1662. Many consider this era a historical high water mark for doctrinal and practical precision. Also included is a chapter on the theological productions of the Westminster Assembly and six valuable appendices (one containing six biographical notices of the Scottish Commissioners -- including Rutherford, Gillespie, Henderson and Baillie)." -- Publisher
    History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643-1653), by William Maxwell Hetherington, D.D., LL.D.
    http://www.reformed.org/books/hetherington/west_assembly/index.html

    *Hetherington, William H. (1803-1865), The Independent Controversy, the Westminster Assembly and Cromwell. Alternate titles: HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES, and INDEPENDENT CONTROVERSY, THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY, AND CROMWELL. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "Though Cromwell has been lauded by many in our day, faithful lovers of truth in his day rejected him and the attendant errors of his Independent abettors. Concerning Cromwell and company, the ACT, DECLARATION AND TESTIMONY . . . by the Reformed Presbytery (1876 ed.), witnesses to the truth that Presbyterians, 'both refused subjection unto, and testified against the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell and his accomplices (the Independents -- RB), his invading the land,' and 'his anti-Christian toleration of all sectarian errors and heresies,' which were at that time 'threatening the ruin and destruction of the true religion, as well as liberty.' Cromwell's so-called 'tolerance' extended to the execution of one Presbyterian minister and the persecution of others. He played an instrumental part in scuttling the Christ honoring covenanted uniformity of the Reformed religion that was being fought for in the period covered by this book. The debates, especially between the Independents and the Presbyterians, in this eventful period, are still with us today and have changed very little, if at all. This is a good place to examine the historical context and the theological argumentation that is foundational to these two antagonistic systems." -- Publisher

    *Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), Unity and Uniformity in the Church, 1881. Reproduced in this form from The Original Covenanter 2:23. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "This item lays out the case for unity among churches, proving its assertions from: (1) throughout Scripture; (2) from our Lord's declaring His will both in precept and prayer; (3) from apostolic practise; and (4) from the Covenanted Reformation's 'Solemn League and Covenant' which lead to the production of the Westminster Standards. Houston notes that in the Apostolic church 'the government of the church was one and common wherever churches were planted. It was Presbyterian, and neither Prelatic, a system of monarchial despotism, nor Congregational, a system of popular democracy.' This biblical and Presbyterian uniformity was considered the apostolic, visible and doctrinal manifestation of the scriptural injunction to 'one Lord, one faith (and) one baptism.' Houston also points out that 'the only true and safe way of union is based on the platform of Scriptural uniformity; while that which is framed on allowing diversity in doctrine, and differences in government and worship, is a mere human contrivance, and its effect is to sanction and perpetuate divisions (which is to sanction schism under the false pretence of unity -- RB), and to mar the prospect of an ultimate happy union in the church of Christ.' Biblical union and uniformity is shown to be based on 'agreement in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government.' Moreover, the author contends that, 'this is to be constantly sought after by men united in mind and heart, pledged to God and to one another; it is to be externally manifested, and to be diligently labored for, that it may be generally and universally prevalent. It is never to be viewed as impracticable. This was the main design of the convocation of the Westminster Assembly.' The eschatological aspect of visible unity is also noticed, shedding valuable light on such postmillennial strongholds as, The watchmen on the walls of Zion shall see eye to eye, they shall lift up the voice together, and together shall they sing (Isaiah 52:8), and The Lord shall be King over all the earth; in that day there shall be one Lord, and His name one. (Zechariah 14:9). This book is full of faithful encouragement and is one of the best introductions to this topic we have seen." -- Publisher

    Keyes, Kenneth Scofield, C. Gregg Singer, George Aiken Taylor, E.C. Scott, and B. Hoyt Evans, A Manual for new Members [Presbyterian Church in America -- compiler], 33 pages. "Reprinted from The Presbyterian Journal."
    Contents: I. The story of Presbyterianism / C. Gregg Singer -- II. What Presbyterians believe / G. Aiken Taylor -- III. Presbyterian government / E.C. Scott -- IV. Joining the Presbyterian Church / B. Hoyt Evans -- Appendix. The creed of Presbyterians -- The Westminster Assembly, 1643-1648 -- A brief history of the developments in the Presbyterian Church in the United States (Southern) which led to the formation of the Presbyterian Church in America / by Kenneth S. Keys [sic] -- PCA vision 2000 presented to the 1987 General Assembly.

    *Lawson, George (1749-1820), Considerations on the Overture, Lying Before the Associate Synod: Respecting Some Alterations in the Formula Concerning the Power of the Civil Magistrate in Matters of Religion; and The Obligation of our Covenants, National and Solemn League on Posterity.

    Lee, Francis Nigel, The Westminster Confession and Modern Society: or, How may we Confess Christ in a Twentieth-century Expression of the Westminster Confession of Faith to a Changing Hostile Society?
    "How may we confess Christ, to a changing and hostile society, in the twentieth century? Dr. Lee leads us to the teaching of the WCF [1646], showing how it addresses every area of life with its comprehensive and Biblically faithful testimony to the Truth!" -- Publisher

    Leith, John H., Assembly at Westminster: Reformed Theology in the Making, 1973, ISBN: 0804208859 9780804208857.

    McKnight, William John (1865-1951), A Study in Standards: Meant to be a Companion-piece to The Young people's Manual.

    McKnight, William John (1865-1951), and Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America, The Young People's Manual Setting Forth in Plain Terms What we of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in North America Believe and why we Believe it, 1929.
    The Young People's Manual
    http://books.google.com/books?id=Cm1gHAAACAAJ&dq=The+Young+People's+Manual&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JRa5ULajAcW7iwKwyoDoCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

    McLeod, John Niel (1806-1874), The Westminster Confession Explained not Altered: The Substance of a Speech Before the Convention of Reformed Churches, on the Proposition to Adopt the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] With an Act Explanatory of its Statements Concerning the Magistrate's Relations to the Church. Allegheny, May 15, 1844. Available in The English Presbyterian Messenger, No. 171, March 1862
    https://archive.org/details/englishpresbyter1417unse

    *Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899), Minutes of the Sessions of the Westminster Assembly of Divines While Engaged in Preparing Their Directory for Church Government, Confession of Faith, and Catechisms (November 1644 to March 1649), 1874, ISBN: 0921148291 9780921148296, 643 pages. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Warfield states, 'The fundamental authority for the study of the work of the Assembly for the period covered by it is, of course, the volume of its Minutes edited by Drs. A.F. Mitchell and John Struthers.' This work was also called the best book concerning the Assembly by Gregg Singer. It was compiled from transcripts originally procured by a committee of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. An invaluable aid for all those who love creedal Christianity, as it is revealed in the Holy Scriptures. A very rare resource that should contribute much to the ongoing Reformation. Indexed." -- Publisher

    Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899), and J.P. Struthers,Minutes of the Sessions of the Westminster Assembly of Divines While Engaged in Preparing Their Directory for Church Government, Confession of Faith, and Catechism (November 1644 to March 1649), From Transcripts of the Originals Procured by a Committee of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, ISBN: 0837089573 9780837089577. (Appears to be an additional edition.)

    Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899, editor), with J. Christie, Church of Scotland, General Assembly, Commission, The Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland holden in Edinburgh in the years 1646-52, 3 volumes.
    Contents: Vol. 1. 1646-47; v. 2, 1648-49; v. 3, 1650-52.

    *Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899), The Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, ISBN: 0837087732 9780837087733. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "William Hetherington has written: 'Every person who has directed his attention to the events of the seventeenth century, whether with regard to their civil or their religious aspect, has felt that it was impossible fully to understand either the one or the other line of study, without taking into view the character of the Westminster Assembly, the purpose for which it met, and the result of its deliberations . . . The man who penetrates a little deeper into the nature of those unrevealed but powerful influences which move a nation's mind, and mould its destinies, will be ready to direct his attention more profoundly to the objects and deliberations of an assembly which met at a moment so critical, and was composed of the great master-minds of the age; and the theologian who has learned to view religion as the vital principle of human nature, equally in nations and in the individual man, will not easily admit that weak idea, that such an assembly could have been an isolated event, but will be disposed earnestly to inquire what led to its meeting, and what important consequences followed. And although the subject has not hitherto been investigated with such a view, it may, we trust, be possible to prove, that it was the most important event in the century in which it occurred; and that it has exerted, and in all probability will yet exert, a far more wide and permanent influence upon both the civil and the religious history of mankind than has generally been ever imagined.' (Hetherington, History of the Westminster Assembly, pp. 16-17). Beattie, (Memorial Volume, p. xxxv, 1879), called this book, 'perhaps the best single popular book on the Assembly yet published.' Read this rare item and find out why. Limited stock remaining. When our hardcover stock is depleted we will substitute a 'bound photocopy' edition in its place, at the same low price, unless you instruct us otherwise.
    "In the first three lectures, the author has given a succinct account of English Puritanism from its origin to the meeting of the Westminster Assembly, and in the tenth lecture, he has given a similar account of the history of doctrine in the British Churches during the same period. The seven intervening lectures were prepared in accord with the author's desire to complete his researches on the Westminster Assembly. Throughout this work, Mitchell has endeavored to give prominence to aspects of this magnificent period in Puritan history which have hitherto been generally overlooked and to treat more briefly of those which have been previously dwelt on -- making this the ideal companion volume to Hetherington's THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES and Gillespie's notes taken at this assembly (found in his WORKS). Moreover, Mitchell writes in an irenic manner, making this a perfect introductory volume to Puritanism and the work of the Assembly. Mitchell notes the importance of the Westminster Assembly in the following manner, 'Richard Baxter, who was perhaps as competent as any of their contemporaries to give an impartial verdict, does not hesitate to affirm that 'the divines there congregated were men of eminent learning and godliness, ministerial ability and fidelity; and being not worthy,' he modestly adds, 'to be one of them myself, I may the more freely speak that truth which I know, even in the face of malice and envy, that so far as I am able to judge by the information of all history . . . the Christian world since the days of the apostles had never a Synod of more excellent divines.' (p. 118). Thus, it has been noted by many, that next to the Scripture itself, there is probably more to be gained from the study of this segment of history (and the works of the men God called to produce the Puritan intellect and the Westminster family of documents), than any other single period of history -- right up to the present era. Mitchell's account of this age of brilliance is a veritable information cornucopia in which all lovers of Puritanism, the Westminster Assembly, and especially the truth of Christ (which these our forefathers in the faith so boldly proclaimed), can readily take delight! 'The Westminster Assembly, if it does not form a landmark in the history of our common Protestantism, must at least be admitted to constitute an epoch, and a notable one, in the history of Puritanism,' notes Mitchell." -- Publisher

    Morris, Edward D., Theology of the Westminster Symbols: A Commentary Historical, Doctrinal, Practical, on the Confession of Faith and Catechism and the Related Formularies of the Presbyterian Churches. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Published in 1900, this massive 857 page commentary has a later American flavor to it. The author 'has desired not merely to set forth the Presbyterian theology of the seventeenth century as embodied in these Symbols, but as well to indicate though only in outline the interesting evolution of that theology from the historic germ, to describe its normal growth through the succeeding ages, and to exhibit as far as practicable its remarkable effect and fruitage as seen in the belief and teachings of living Presbyterianism.' NATURE AND USE OF CREEDS (1900). The first chapter of THEOLOGY OF THE WESTMINSTER SYMBOLS above. A good defense of the necessity of creeds, the importance of doctrine, the formulation of creeds, historic development, theories of subscription, etc." -- Publisher

    Norris, R.M., The Thirty-nine Articles of the Westminster Assembly, (Ph.D. thesis, St. Andrews University), 1977.

    Nye, Philip (1596-1672), The Excellency and Lawfulnesse of the Solemne League and Covenant. Set forth in a speech, or exhortation made by Mr. Phillip Nye to the Honorable House of Commons and reverend assembly of ministers at their taking the said Solemne League and Covenant, 1643.

    Orr, Robert Low, Alexander Henderson: Churchman and Statesman, 1919.

    Paul, Robert S., The Assembly of the Lord: Politics and Religion in the Westminster Assembly and the Grand Debate, ISBN: 0567085597 9780567085597.
    "Too bad this excellent book is so expensive. It is the kind of book that anybody interested in the background of the Westminster Assembly would enjoy reading. Detailed, scholarly, and thoroughly documented. We think it is well worth the price for the understanding that it imparts." -- GCB

    *Pribble, Stephen, and The Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643-1652), Scripture Index to the Westminster Standards. Alternate title: THE COMPLETE SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION (1646), LARGER AND SHORTER CATECHISMS. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm
    Bordwine, James, A Guide to the Westminster Standards: Confession of Faith and Larger Catechism (Unicoi, TN: (The Trinity Foundation), ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
    Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the Confession and the Catechism.

    Price, Greg L., History of the Assembly at Westminster, a series of 13 audio file. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9. Available (series of 13 audio files), at SermonAudio.com.
    "This lecture is probably the best introductory historical account of this unsurpassed Assembly in audio format. It fulfills the same purpose for which Hetherington noted he wrote his classic, THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES (only it is in audio format and much shorter):

    In common with all true Presbyterians, I have often regretted the want of a History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines . . . Especially in such a time as the present, when all distinctive Presbyterian principles are not only called in question, but also misrepresented and condemned, such a want has become absolutely unendurable, unless Presbyterians are willing to permit their Church to perish under a load of unanswered, yet easily refuted, calumny. And as the best refutation of calumny is the plain and direct statement of truth, it is by that process that I have endeavored to vindicate the principles and the character of the Presbyterian Church (p. i.).
    "The Puritan history leading up to the Assembly (which this lecture takes an in-depth look at), is especially important and not only set the context for what became the major debates among the ministers present, but even dictated who was selected to this august body of scholars. Civil wars, national upheavals, emigration to the 'new world' and a host of other epoch making events surrounded this momentous period of history. These debates and their resolutions have defined and directed Christian thought and national cultures ever since their original ratification -- and Hetherington (in THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES), is not shy about noting the significance of this Assembly when he writes,
    But the man who penetrates a little deeper into the nature of those unrevealed but powerful influences which move a nation's mind, and mould its destinies, will be ready to direct his attention more profoundly to the objects and deliberations of an assembly which met at a moment so critical, and was composed of the great master-minds of the age; and the theologian who has learned to view religion as the vital principle of human nature, equally in nations and in the individual man, will not easily admit the weak idea, that such an assembly could have been an isolated event, but will be disposed earnestly to inquire what led to its meeting, and what important consequences followed. And although the subject has not hitherto been investigated with such a view, it may, we trust, be possible to prove, that it (the Westminster Assembly -- RB), was the most important event in the century in which it occurred; and that it has exerted, and in all probability will yet exert, a far more wide and permanent influence upon both the civil and the religious history of mankind than has generally been even imagined. (p. 17)
    "Many consider this era a historical high water mark for doctrinal and practical Puritan precision and this work is indispensable for understanding the work accomplished by the Westminster Assembly, Presbyterian and Independent history, Cromwell, and much more. For example, consider the lofty and Christ honoring goal of the Assembly as summarized by Hetherington (in THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES):
    There was one great, and even sublime idea, brought somewhat indefinitely before the Westminster Assembly, which has not yet been realized, the idea of a Protestant union throughout Christendom, not merely for the purpose of counterbalancing Popery, but in order to purify, strengthen, and unite all true Christian churches, so that with combined energy and zeal they might go forth, in glad compliance with the Redeemer's commands, teaching all nations, and preaching the everlasting gospel to every creature under heaven. This truly magnificent, and also truly Christian idea, seems to have originated in the mind of that distinguished man, Alexander Henderson. It was suggested by him to the Scottish commissioners, and by them partially brought before the English Parliament, requesting them to direct the Assembly to write letters to the Protestant Churches in France, Holland, Switzerland, and other Reformed Churches. . . . and along with these letters were sent copies of the Solemn League and Covenant, a document which might itself form the basis of such a Protestant union. The deep thinking divines of the Netherlands apprehended the idea, and in their answer, not only expressed their approbation of the Covenant, but also desired to join in it with the British kingdoms. Nor did they content themselves with the mere expression of approval and willingness to join. A letter was soon afterwards sent to the Assembly from the Hague, written by Duraeus (the celebrated John Dury), offering to come to the Assembly, and containing a copy of a vow which he had prepared and tendered to the distinguished Oxenstiern, chancellor of Sweden, wherein he bound himself 'to prosecute a reconciliation between Protestants in point of religion'. . . . On one occasion Henderson procured a passport to go to Holland, most probably for the purpose of prosecuting this grand idea. But the intrigues of politicians, the delays caused by the conduct of the Independents, and the narrow-minded Erastianism of the English Parliament, all conspired to prevent the Assembly from entering farther into that truly glorious Christian enterprise. Days of trouble and darkness came; persecution wore out the great men of that remarkable period; pure and vital Christianity was stricken to the earth and trampled under foot.' (pp. 337-339)
    "Further demonstrating his grasp of the most important events of the Second Reformation, Hetherington comments on the Solemn League (the epitome of Second Reformation attainments), 'no man who is able to understand its nature, and to feel and appreciate its spirit and its aim, will deny it to be the wisest, the sublimest, and the most sacred document ever framed by uninspired men.' (p. 134). Price gives special attention in this study to the central place of the Solemn League and Covenant in the thinking and international vision for Biblical Reformation of the Westminster Divines. Anyone interested in the work of the Westminster Assembly -- and the men, teaching and events which were at the heart of the Puritan revolution against the forces of antichrist -- should read listen to this audio track at least once." -- Publisher
    History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1/13 [audio file], by Greg Price
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?currSection=sermonssource&sermonID=4140113051
    The Westminster Confession of Faith (The Westminster Standards), and Related Works: A Study Guide
    http://www.lettermen2.com/lettermen2/suggest.html

    *Reid, James, Memoirs of the Westminster Divines, ISBN: 0851513573 9780851513577.
    "As far as I am able to judge, the Christian world, since the days of the apostles, had never a synod of more excellent divines than this." -- Richard Baxter (1615-1691)
    "The Assembly was called into being by the English Parliament, and convened on July 1, 1643. The result of their deliberations was a CONFESSION OF FAITH and the famous SHORTER CATECHISM. The synod met over a period of several years and comprised the finest church historians, Hebraists, Greek scholars, theologians, and pastors of their time. This book records their activities. It is a fine work and should be read for its intrinsic worth." -- Cyril J. Barber
    "First published in 1811, this authoritative work of 756 pages contains biographical sketches of 106 who worked on the historic Westminster Confession of Faith (1646)." -- GCB
    Reid, James, Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of Those Eminent Divines who Convened in the Famous Assembly at Westminster, in the Seventeenth Century (1811), vol. 1 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/memoirsofliveswr01reid
    Reid, James, Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of Those Eminent Divines who Convened in the Famous Assembly at Westminster, in the Seventeenth Century (1811), vol. 2 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/memoirsoflivesw02reid

    *Roberts, William Louis (1798-1864), The Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, ISBN: 0524065543 9780524065549. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available from ATLA 1991-2638.
    A magnificent catechism that sets forth the Crown Rights of The King of Glory and Lord of Lords. It also presents incontrovertible evidence that the United States Constitution is not a Christian document, and that it is, in fact, a slavery document.
    "A manual of instruction, drawing from such notable authors as William Symington and J.R. Willson, presenting arguments and facts confirming and illustrating the 'Distinctive Principles' of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Chapters deal with: 'Christ's Mediatorial Dominion in General;' Christ's Exclusive Headship Over the Church;' 'The Supreme and Ultimate Authority of the Word of God in the Church;' Civil Government, the Moral Ordinance of God;' Christ's Headship Over the Nations;' 'The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ;' The Word, or Revealed Will of God, the Supreme Law in the State;' 'The Duty of Nations, in Their National Capacity, to Acknowledge and Support the True Religion:' 'The Spiritual Independence of the Church of Christ:' 'The Right and Duty of Dissent From an Immoral Constitution of Civil Government;' 'The Duty of Covenanting, and the Permanent Obligations of Religious Covenants;' 'The Application of These Principles to the Governments, Where Reformed Presbyterians Reside, in the Form of a Practical Testimony;' and finally 'Application of the Testimony to the British Empire. . . '." -- Publisher
    Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
    http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism
    On the Mediatorial Dominion of The Lord Jesus Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_01_mediatorial_dominion.html
    The Exclusive Headship of The Lord Jesus Christ Over the Church of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_02_christs_headship_over_the_church.html
    Civil Government the Moral Ordinance of God, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_04_civil_government.html
    On Christ's Headship Over the Nations, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_05_christs_headship_over_nations.html
    The Subjection of the Nations to God and to Christ, excerpted from THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CATECHISM.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/reformedpresbyterian/roberts_rp_catechism_section_06_subjection_of_nations_to_christ.html
    See also: The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration, SECRET PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION; CONSPIRACY IN PHILADELPHIA: THE ORIGINS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, and A THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF AMERICAN HISTORY.

    Rogers, Jack Bartlett, Scripture in the Westminster Confession: A Problem of Historical Interpretation for American Presbyterianism, 1967.
    Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) With Scripture Proofs
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm

    *Shaw, Robert (1795-1863), and W.M. Hetherington (1803-1865 introduction), An Exposition of the Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1845. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    " 'All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes William Hetherington in THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES. The WCF [1646] is without a doubt the greatest human confession ever written, 'being the chiefest part of that uniformity in religion, which by the Solemn League and Covenant' the British Isles are bound, even to this day, to uphold and defend -- in both church and state! Shaw's Exposition is the standard work on the WCF [1646], for he admittedly states 'that he has not found it necessary to differ from the compilers of the Confession in any one point of doctrine.' This edition includes an introductory essay by Hetherington defending the use of Confessions in general and the WCF [1646] in particular. Hetherington also gives a brief outline of the historical context of the period in which the WCF [1646] was composed while demonstrating the harmonious nature of the Reformational Creeds and Confessions." -- Publisher
    The Reformed Faith: An Exposition of the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], by Robert Shaw with an introductory essay by WM.M. Hetherington
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/shaw/

    *Shedd, William Greenough Thayer (1820-1894), The Proposed Revision of the Westminster Standards (1890)
    http://archive.org/details/proposedrevision00shed

    *Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly, Acts 1:11; Romans 13 (1 of 3 audio files [MP3]). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Great historical teaching, Singer at his best!" -- Publisher
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=124071413102

    *Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly, Hebrews 11:39; 1 Peter 2:13-14 (2 of 3 audio files [MP3]). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Great historical teaching, Singer at his best!" -- Publisher
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=125071244422

    *Singer, C. Gregg (1910-1999), John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly (tape 3 of 3), [audio file], in a series of addresses History Notes on Presbyterianism, Reformation, and Theology by Dr. C. Gregg Singer on SermonAudio.com
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=12607114250
    Works of C. Gregg Singer
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cgsinger
    The Topical Listing "A Theological Interpretation of American History"
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#stiahis

    *Smith, Morton H., Harmony of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms.
    "In this wonderful volume, Dr. Morton H. Smith helpfully lists together the various corresponding parts of the WESTMINSTER CONFESSION AND CATECHISMS. This harmony will be of invaluable use for Bible Studies, Sunday Schools, as well as other venues.
    "THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS are unsurpassed among confessional statements in precision and comprehensiveness and few would deny that they deserve close reading and careful study. But it is easy to be overwhelmed by the breadth and depth of the STANDARDS, and as a result many parts are often neglected. The CONFESSION's statements about Scripture, and the doctrines of God, predestination, providence, and the person and work of Christ, as well as the famous first question of the SHORTER CATECHISM, are, of course, known to many. But few have been introduced to what the STANDARDS have to say about sanctification, faith, ethics, prayer, the sacraments, the church, etc. Even fewer have been introduced to the LARGER CATECHISM which expands on points covered in the CONFESSION AND SHORTER CATECHISM, and at times, provides material that can be found nowhere else in the STANDARDS.
    "THE HARMONY was designed to remedy this situation. First, the distinct, somewhat self-contained paragraphs of the Confession are used as the anchors of the work and these smaller, digestible pieces are easier to follow and grasp. Second, points made by the CONFESSION are, of course, often reiterated by the CATECHISMS. This repetition helps with retention and comparison of the documents also forces one to look more closely at each statement. Third, all of the statements of the CATECHISMS are included in THE HARMONY. This especially makes the LARGER CATECHISM more accessible. Fourth, the wide margins provide space for personal notes. THE HARMONY has, therefore, been a useful and popular tool for the study of the STANDARDS for many decades. It is our prayer that it will continue in its usefulness for many more, helping God's people to see the beauty and richness of the faith that has been so carefully summarized in THE STANDARDS, and ultimately, driving them back to the Word of God and the worship and service of our great God and Savior. Soli Deo Gloria!" -- Publisher

    Smith, Thomas (of Glasgow), Select Memoirs of the Lives, Labours, and Sufferings of Those Pious and Learned English and Scottish Divines: Who Greatly Distinguished Themselves in Promoting the Reformation From Popery, in Translating the Bible, and in Promulgating its Salutary Doctrines by Their Numerous Evangelical Writings, and who Ultimately Crowned the Venerable Edifice With the Celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith, 1828. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, and #16.

    *Warfield, B.B. (1851-1921), On the Revision of the Confession of Faith.

    Warfield, B.B. (1851-1921), The Printing of the Westminster Confession, ISBN: 0837088747 9780837088747.

    Warfield, B.B. (1851-1921), Proposed Reply to the Recommendations of the Assembly's Committee on the Revision of the Confession of Faith: Proposed to the Presbytery of New Brunswick, at its Meeting at Ewing, Oct. 6, 1891.

    *Warfield, B.B. (1851-1921), The Westminster Assembly and its Work.
    "Much excellent and amazing information is contained in this volume defending the greatest of Reformed standards concerning many of its most important points. Extremely pertinent for today are the chapters dealing with inspiration, God's decree (absolute sovereignty), and the Holy Spirit." -- CBD

    Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), Exhortation by the Westminster Assembly. Available in THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/candcexhortwestassembly.html

    *Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), [completed and first printed in 1646, approved by the Assembly, August 27, 1647, Session 23 -- compiler] (Glasgow, Scotland: Free Presbyterian Publication [133 Woodlands Road, Glasgow G3 6LE], 1994), ISBN: 0902506080 (case-bound), and ISBN: 0902506358 (paperback). Among the ten greatest works in the English language. Available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) With Scripture Proofs
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    The Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, With the Scripture Proofs at Large: Together With The sum of Saving Knowledge (contained in the Holy Scriptures, and held forth in the said Confession and Catechisms), and Practical use Thereof, Covenants National and Solemn League, Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, Directories, Form of Church-government, &c. of Public Authority in the Church of Scotland, With Acts of Assembly and Parliament, Relative to, and Approbative of the Same (1757) [the original version of 1646, prior to the changes of the "American Version" of 1789 -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/confessionofscot00chur
    " 'The product of Puritan conflict,' stated Shedd, reaching 'a perfection of statement never elsewhere achieved.' All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes Hetherington. (The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, p. 345).
    "Concerning The Shorter Catechism, which is one of the items also included in this book, Mitchell notes: 'it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, p. 431).
    "THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is the greatest of all the creeds of the Christian church. The church of Christ cannot be creedless and live. Especially in an age of doubt and confusion, it is her duty to define and proclaim the one true faith. Nowhere has the Reformed church done this so effectively as in the WESTMINSTER CONFESSION, and family of documents. This book represents Reformed thinking at its purest and best. It was intended, as part of the Covenanted Reformation taking place during its compilation, to be adopted as the binding confessional standard for every individual, family, court, church, and legislature in the British Isles." -- Publisher
    This is considered to be the definitive publication of the Westminster family of documents. It includes the following:

    1. "To the Christian Reader, Especially Heads of Families"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p005-to_head_of_families.html
    2. "Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader"
      https://reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    3. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646), the full and original edition with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    4. THE LARGER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    6. THE SUM OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE
      http://www.reformed.org/master/index.html?mainframe=/documents/sum/sum.html
    7. "The National Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p345-nat_covenant.html
    8. "The Solemn League and Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p355-solemn_league.html
    9. "A Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant; and a Solemn Engagement to all the Duties Contained Therein"
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/scotland_covenant_renewal_1648.html
    10. THE DIRECTORY FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p369-direct_pub_worship.html
    11. THE FORM OF PRESBYTERIAL CHURCH GOVERNMENT
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p395-form_presby_gov.html
    12. "The Directory for Family-Worship, Approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, for Piety and Uniformity in Secret and Private Worship, and Mutual Edification"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is said to be the finest summary of THE HOLY BIBLE available. It is recommended for daily devotions. See the following resources:
    1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS AS A CREED
      http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/signific.htm
    2. "The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms." Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications [and] Protestant Heritage Press CD. Also available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    3. Bordwine, James, A GUIDE TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS: CONFESSION OF FAITH AND LARGER CATECHISM, ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
      Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the CONFESSION and the LARGER CATECHISM.
    4. WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM WITH PROOF TEXTS
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM WITH SCRIPTURE PROOFS
      Arguably the greatest tract ever created, all factors considered.
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
      THE SHORTER CATECHISM
      Free downloadable PDF file.
      http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf
    6. Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
      "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
      http://www.shortercatechism.com/
    7. Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc
    8. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (The Westminster Standards), and Related Works: A Study Guide
      http://www.lettermen2.com/suggest.html
    9. The Scottish Covenanted Reformation continued the work of The Westminster Assembly. David Steel (1803-1887), is considered to be one of the most faithful Covenanter ministers in America. Notice that the citation following is an authorized, complete edition of their final TESTIMONY.
      Reformed Presbytery in North America (Steelite), David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, FOR THE WHOLE OF THE COVENANTED REFORMATION, AS ATTAINED TO, AND ESTABLISHED IN, BRITAIN AND IRELAND; PARTICULARLY BETWIXT THE YEARS 1638 AND 1649, INCLUSIVE. AS, ALSO, AGAINST ALL THE STEPS OF DEFECTION FROM SAID REFORMATION, WHETHER IN FORMER OR LATER TIMES, SINCE THE OVERTHROW OF THAT GLORIOUS WORK, DOWN TO THIS PRESENT DAY (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876).
      This is a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761. It was the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840.
      https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
    10. Church and State
      Works listed here discuss the decline of the influence of Calvinism and the Covenanted Reformation in Great Britain and the United States. The various alterations to the Westminster Standards are also discussed.
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#churchstate
    11. Heresies Defined and the Necessity of Heresies Explained, by George Gillespie, Scottish Commissioner to the Assembly of Divines at Westminster
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/gillespie/ggilles09.html

    *The Westminster Assembly, The Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines
    The original text of 1646, from the manuscript of Cornelius Burges, Assessor to the Westminster Assembly, with the Assembly's proof texts, as published in the modern critical edition of 1937 by S.W. Carruthers.
    Free downloadable PDF file.
    http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/?s=The+Confession+of+Faith+of+the+Westminster+Assembly+of+Divines

    The Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Humble Advice of the Assembly of Divines, now by Authority of Parliament Sitting at Westminster, Concerning Part of a Confession of Faith, (1646).

    Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), Propositions Concerning Church Government and Ordination of Ministers, 1647. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.

    *The Westminster Assembly, Cornelius Burges, and S.W. Carruthers, The Confession of Faith of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster: From the Original Manuscript Written by Cornelius Burges in 1646. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Contains the original and unedited text of this judicially binding document, the greatest of Christian Confessions, with the full scripture proof texts written out. This book represents Reformed thinking at its purest and best. 'The product of Puritan conflict,' stated Shedd, reaching 'a perfection of statement never elsewhere achieved.
    " 'All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes Hetherington in THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES. (p. 345, emphasis added)
    "Also included are the following documents, which are usually bound together with THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH:

    a. THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT,
    b. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH OF THE KIRK OF SCOTLAND: OR, THE NATIONAL COVENANT,
    c. THE WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM (with full Scripture references),
    "Concerning the WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM, Mitchell writes, 'it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, p. 431)
    "Richard Baxter said of THE WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM,
    'It is the best Catechism I ever saw -- a most excellent sum of the Christian faith and doctrine, and a fit test to try the orthodoxy of its teachers.'
    d. THE WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM (with full Scripture references),
    e. "To the Christian Reader, Especially Heads of Families" (Prefaced to THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION and CATECHISMS),
    f. "Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader" (prefaced to THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION and CATECHISMS),
    g. THE SUM OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE,
    h. THE (Westminster) DIRECTORY FOR THE PUBLICK WORSHIP OF GOD,
    i. THE (Westminster) DIRECTORY FOR FAMILY WORSHIP,
    j. THE (Westminster) FORM OF PRESBYTERIAL CHURCH GOVERNMENT, and
    k. A SOLEMN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF PUBLIC SINS, AND BREACHES OF THE (SOLEMN LEAGUE AND), COVENANT; AND A SOLEMN ENGAGEMENT TO ALL THE DUTIES CONTAINED THEREIN.

    *Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643-1652), and other Puritans (Gouge, Gataker, et al.), The Westminster Annotations and Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1657, 6 volumes. Alternate title: ANNOTATIONS UPON ALL THE BOOKS OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: THIS THIRD, ABOVE THE FIRST AND SECOND, EDITION SO ENLARGED, AS THEY MAKE AN ENTIRE COMMENTARY ON THE SACRED SCRIPTURES: THE LIKE NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH. WHEREIN THE TEXT IS EXPLAINED, DOUBTS RESOLVED, SCRIPTURE PARALLEL'D, AND VARIOUS READINGS OBSERVED; BY THE LABOUR OF CERTAIN LEARNED DIVINES THEREUNTO APPOINTED, AND THEREIN EMPLOYED, AS IS EXPRESSED IN THE PREFACE, 1657. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The preface (found in the first volume), recounts not only a short history of the English Bible, but sets forth the great advantage to true Religion which accrues (contrary to the mysticism of the Anabaptists and the anti-intellectualism of the modern backsliding church), when faithful notes are 'bound in' with the Scripture text -- this bringing forth nothing different than the effect generated (through God's grace), by faithful preaching, faithful commentaries, faithful creeds, faithful covenants, faithful confessions, etc. Pointing out that this blessing from God was never more obvious than in the case of the Geneva Bible and its marginal notes (and that the people knew it to be so when they were left with Bibles without annotations honoring to God), the preface further states, 'hence were divers of the Stationers and Printers of London induced (by the people -- RB), to petition the committee of the Honourable House of Commons, for license to print the Geneva notes upon the Bible, or that some notes might be fitted to the new translation: which was accordingly granted, with an order for review and correction of those of the Geneva edition, by leaving out such of them as there was cause to dislike, by clearing those that were doubtful, and by supplying such as were defective. For which purpose letters were directed to some of us from the Chair of the Committee for Religion (in 1648 -- RB), and personal invitations to others, to undertake and divide the task among us, and so cometh in our part, whereof we shall give the world a true and just account in that which followeth.' The detailed account which follows in the preface is fascinating, mentioning, among many other things, the divines' 'use of . . . the Dutch Bibles . . . set forth at . . . Holland, by order of the States'. . .

    The diligence given, the energy expended, the obvious humility, and the fearful trembling before God's Word which is evident in these commentators makes this truly a classic Puritan work -- a work of great value! Just knowing, as Barker points out, that this commentary was prepared mostly by Westminster divines, by order of Parliament, at the time of the Assembly. (Puritan Profiles, p. 37),
    "certainly bodes well for the level of scholarship it contains. Moreover, with Gouge, one of the most respected English Covenanters at the Assembly playing a major role, the thoughtful student of Scripture and history ought to take note: for a theological feast of mature Puritan thought surely awaits those that sup at this table. Esteemed, by the mid-1640's, 'as the father of the London Ministers,' Gouge was elected as Assessor for the Westminster Assembly on Nov. 25, 1647. His detractors sometimes called him an 'arch Puritan.' (cf. Ibid., p. 35). Dr. Gouge's 'share of the useful work consisted of Kings, and the subsequent books down to Esther, inclusive.' (Smith, Select Memoirs of English and Scottish Divines, p. 534). Most of the others chosen to this work had similar credentials, though not all exhibit equal proficiency and some later backslid from attainments reached at this point. Nevertheless, when the commentators were first chosen, these Annotations were produced by some of the most qualified English Puritans -- as a historical high water mark for Puritan scholarship was beginning to crest. Furthermore, in prosecuting this work the divines note, 'therefore we have put ourselves to much more pains (for many months), in consulting with many more authors, in several languages, than at first we thought of, that (for the propriety of the original text, for pertinent and profitable variety of versions, for consonancy of parallel Scriptures, and for perspicuity in clearing of the darkest places), we might bring in such observations, as might not only serve to edify the ordinary reader, but might likewise gratify our brethren of the ministry, at least such among them, as have not the means to purchase, or leisure to pursue, so many books, as (by order of the Committee), we were furnished with all, for the finishing of the work, committed to our hands' (Preface). As the work wore on, however, it became apparent that the original intention (of printing these annotations as marginal notes in the Bible), would no longer fit the scope and length of commentary that had been produced. Thus, the notes were not added to the Scriptures directly, but rather published as a separate commentary (which we are offering here), -- except that we have divided the work into six volumes rather than the original two, because of logistics." -- Publisher

    *Williamson, G.I. (Gerald Irvin), The Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] for Study Classes, ISBN: 0875525385. A Christian classic.
    "The most thorough work on the Confession since A.A. Hodge." -- William Grier
    "Describes the Christian faith. You will also find this treatment excellent in coverage and application to contemporary living. Examples of divergent doctrine, problems with other philosophy and cultural standards are presented. The arguments and Q&A after each section makes it practical for knowing and living a Christian life. This is not feel-good theology, but how intelligent and responsible people can seek to understand the breadth of scripture in a concise book." -- Publisher
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm
    Bordwine, James, A Guide to the Westminster Standards: Confession of Faith and Larger Catechism (Unicoi, TN: (The Trinity Foundation, 1996), ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
    Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the Confession and the Catechism.

    *Willson (alt. Wilson), James McLeod (1809-1866), Some Reasons for Retaining the Westminster Confession as the Basis of Ecclesiastical Union. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "Explains why the use of the Westminster Confession is one of the best ways in which to obtain godly ecclesiastical union. This booklet pays special attention to the biblical teaching regarding civil government and shows why changes to the original WCF (regarding this matter), has resulted, not surprisingly, in much ecclesiastical disunity. It also contains some interesting notes on the millennial power and glory that will be exhibited in both church and state 'in the day of the Lord's power.' Excerpted from The Original Covenanter and Contending Witness Magazine, (volumes 1:1-4).

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Creeds, confessions and catechisms, Covenanting theology and the ordinance of covenanting, The covenanted reformation of scotland background and history, The scottish reformation, The national covenant, The solemn league and covenant, Church and state, Antichrist, The second coming, parousia, and escatological coming of christ, and the preterist, futurist, and historical approaches to the apocalypse, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, and so forth, and so on.

    Related Weblinks

    A Brief Summary of the Majority Opinion in the Free Church of Scotland
    https://reformedbooksonline.com/scottish-theology/free-church-of-scotland/the-brief-majority-opinion-in-the-free-church-of-scotland-on-covenanting/

    Exhortation by the Westminster Assembly. Available in THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/candcexhortwestassembly.html

    Historical Setting of the Confession
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescon01.html Presbyterian History

    Internet Resources for Students of Scripture
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/index.html

    John Knox, the Scottish Covenanters, and the Westminster Assembly (tape 3 of 5), [audio file] in a series of addresses History Notes on Presbyterianism, Reformation, and Theology by Dr. C. Gregg Singer on SermonAudio.com
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=12607114250

    The Reformation in England 1 of 2 (The Providential Historical Preparation for the Westminster Assembly), Hebrews 11:2; Ephesians 4:11 [audio file]
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Presbyterian History, 44 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=12607144153

    The Reformation in England 2 of 2 (and America) [audio file]
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, Presbyterian History, 76 min., Matthew 5:13-16; Luke 19:13
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=126071623510

    Regulations at Yale College (1745)
    Showing the centrality of Calvinism and the Westminster Confession in Colonial higher education.
    http://www.constitution.org/primarysources/yale.html

    Select Writings of Samuel Rutherfurd (sic), Minister of the Gospel And Commissioner to the Westminster Assembly.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/rutherford/index.htm?doc_list_banner_show=false

    The Significance of The Westminster Standards as a Creed
    http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/signific.htm

    The Westminster Assembly [audio file]
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, 50 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=12160371617

    *The Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines
    The original text of 1646, from the manuscript of Cornelius Burges, Assessor to the Westminster Assembly, with the Assembly's proof texts, as published in the modern critical edition of 1937 by S.W. Carruthers.
    Free downloadable PDF file.
    http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/?s=The+Confession+of+Faith+of+the+Westminster+Assembly+of+Divines

    The Westminster Assembly Project
    The Westminster Assembly Project exists to publish The Minutes and Papers of the Westminster Assembly.
    http://www.westminsterassembly.org/

    Westminster Assembly and Related Documents
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#wstandards

    Westminster Assembly and Related Documents Index (of titles)
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/westminster-assembly-and-related-documents-index

    The Westminster Confession on the Relation Between Church and State, William Cunningham
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-westminster-confession-on-the-relation-between-church-and-state.php

    *Westminster Shorter Catechism
    "The Shorter Catechism, With the Assembly's Proof Texts."
    Free downloadable PDF file.
    http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf



    The Confession of Faith (1646)

    The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) is said to be the finest summary of The Holy Bible available.

    *Dickson, David (1583-1663), and Robert Wodrow (1679-1734), Truth's Victory Over Error: A Commentary on the Westminster Confession of Faith, 296 pages, ISBN: 0851519490 9780851519494. Alternate title: TRUTH'S VICTORY OVER ERROR: OR, THE TRUE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, STATED AND VINDICATED . . . BY THE LATE . . . DAVID DICKSON, . . . TO THIS EDITION IS PREFIXED, A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR'S LIFE, BY . . . ROBERT WODROW, KILMARNOCK, 'THE TRUE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, STATED AND VINDICATED AGAINST THE FOLLOWING HERESIES, VIZ, ARIANS, ARMINIANS, ANABAPTISTS, ANTINOMIANS, BROWNISTS, DONATISTS, EPICURIANS, EUTYCHIANS, ERASTIANS, FAMILISTS, JESUITS, INDEPENDENTS, LIBERTINES, MANICHEANS, PELAGIANS, PAPISTS, QUAKERS, SOCINIANS, SABELLIANS, SCEPTICS, VANINIANS, ETC. THE WHOLE BEING A COMMENTARY ON ALL THE CHAPTERS OF THE (Westminster -- RB), CONFESSION OF FAITH, BY WAY OF QUESTION AND ANSWER: IN WHICH, THE SAVING TRUTHS OF OUR HOLY RELIGION ARE CONFIRMED AND ESTABLISHED; AND THE DANGEROUS ERRORS AND OPINIONS OF ITS ADVERSARIES DETECTED AND CONFUTED . . . TO THIS EDITION IS PREFIXED, A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR'S LIFE, BY THE LATE MR. ROBERT WODROW . . .' " Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "One of the best commentaries on the Westminster Confession of Faith. This item is part of the elder's reading/training list in the Puritan Reformed Church (the church of the Covenanted Reformation)." -- Publisher
    Dickson, David, Truth's Victory Over Error
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/dickson/truthsvictory.html
    Of Justification, from David Dickson's TRUTH'S VICTORY OVER ERROR
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/dickson/truthsvictory11.html
    Dickson, David (1583-1663), and Robert Wodrow (1679-1734, short account of the Reverend Mr. David Dickson), Truth's Victory Over Error, or, the True Principles of the Christian Religion, Stated and Vindicated Against the Following Heresies, viz. Arians . . . Vaninians, &c. The whole being a commentary on all the chapters of the Confession of Faith, by way of question and answer: in which, the saving truths of our holy religion are confirmed and established; and the dangerous errors and opinions of its adversaries detected and confuted. (1764)
    Bound with the author's: TRUE CHRISTIAN LOVE.
    https://archive.org/details/truthove00dick

    *Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899), Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The first three lectures give a succinct account of English Puritanism from its origin to the meeting of the Westminster Assembly. The tenth lecture is a similar account of the history of doctrine in British churches during the same period. Mitchell endeavors to give prominence to aspects of this historical period which have hitherto been overlooked, making this an ideal companion volume for other recent releases of Warfield, Hetherington, and George Gillespie. A perfect introductory volume on Puritanism and the work of the Assembly." -- GCB

    Miller, Samuel (1769-1850), Doctrinal Integrity: The Utility and Importance of Creeds and Confessions and Adherence to Our Doctrinal Standards. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Miller deals with the necessity of written creeds and subscription to them. He shows that the principle doctrines of Scripture are proclaimed in the Westminster Standards and answers common objections against confessions. Creedalism is inescapable, thus this book is of prime importance for those interested in the purity and peace of the church. . . . Related items include: Gentry's USEFULNESS OF CREEDS or OUR REFORMATION HERITAGE." -- Publisher
    "With the turbulent decades of the 1820's and 1830's, Miller arose to defend the doctrine and order of the Westminster Standards. His most prominent statements on doctrinal purity are found in his book CREEDS AND CONFESSIONS and his open letters on "Adherence to Our Doctrinal Standards." This book contains these writings." -- GCB
    Doctrinal Integrity: The Utility and Importance of Creeds and Confessions and Adherence to our Doctrinal Standards
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/DI_ch0.htm

    *Shaw, Robert (1795-1863), and W.M. Hetherington (1803-1865 introduction), An Exposition of the Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1845. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    " 'All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes William Hetherington in THE HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES. The WCF [1646] is without a doubt the greatest human confession ever written, 'being the chiefest part of that uniformity in religion, which by the Solemn League and Covenant' the British Isles are bound, even to this day, to uphold and defend -- in both church and state! Shaw's Exposition is the standard work on the WCF [1646], for he admittedly states 'that he has not found it necessary to differ from the compilers of the Confession in any one point of doctrine.' This edition includes an introductory essay by Hetherington defending the use of Confessions in general and the WCF [1646] in particular. Hetherington also gives a brief outline of the historical context of the period in which the WCF [1646] was composed while demonstrating the harmonious nature of the Reformational Creeds and Confessions." -- Publisher
    The Reformed Faith: An Exposition of the Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], by Robert Shaw with an introductory essay by WM.M. Hetherington
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/shaw/

    *Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), [completed and first printed in 1646, approved by the Assembly, August 27, 1647, Session 23 -- compiler] (Glasgow, Scotland: Free Presbyterian Publication [133 Woodlands Road, Glasgow G3 6LE], 1994), ISBN: 0902506080 (case-bound), and ISBN: 0902506358 (paperback). Among the ten greatest works in the English language. Available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) With Scripture Proofs
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    The Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, With the Scripture Proofs at Large: Together With The sum of Saving Knowledge (contained in the Holy Scriptures, and held forth in the said Confession and Catechisms), and Practical use Thereof, Covenants National and Solemn League, Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, Directories, Form of Church-government, &c. of Public Authority in the Church of Scotland, With Acts of Assembly and Parliament, Relative to, and Approbative of the Same (1757) [the original version of 1646, prior to the changes of the "American Version" of 1789 -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/confessionofscot00chur
    " 'The product of Puritan conflict,' stated Shedd, reaching 'a perfection of statement never elsewhere achieved.' All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes Hetherington. (The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, p. 345).
    "Concerning The Shorter Catechism, which is one of the items also included in this book, Mitchell notes: 'it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, p. 431).
    "THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is the greatest of all the creeds of the Christian church. The church of Christ cannot be creedless and live. Especially in an age of doubt and confusion, it is her duty to define and proclaim the one true faith. Nowhere has the Reformed church done this so effectively as in the WESTMINSTER CONFESSION, and family of documents. This book represents Reformed thinking at its purest and best. It was intended, as part of the Covenanted Reformation taking place during its compilation, to be adopted as the binding confessional standard for every individual, family, court, church, and legislature in the British Isles." -- Publisher
    This is considered to be the definitive publication of the Westminster family of documents. It includes the following:

    1. "To the Christian Reader, Especially Heads of Families"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p005-to_head_of_families.html
    2. "Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader"
      https://reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    3. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646), the full and original edition with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    4. THE LARGER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    6. THE SUM OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE
      http://www.reformed.org/master/index.html?mainframe=/documents/sum/sum.html
    7. "The National Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p345-nat_covenant.html
    8. "The Solemn League and Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p355-solemn_league.html
    9. "A Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant; and a Solemn Engagement to all the Duties Contained Therein"
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/scotland_covenant_renewal_1648.html
    10. THE DIRECTORY FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p369-direct_pub_worship.html
    11. THE FORM OF PRESBYTERIAL CHURCH GOVERNMENT
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p395-form_presby_gov.html
    12. "The Directory for Family-Worship, Approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, for Piety and Uniformity in Secret and Private Worship, and Mutual Edification"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is said to be the finest summary of THE HOLY BIBLE available. It is recommended for daily devotions. See the following resources:
    1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS AS A CREED
      http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/signific.htm
    2. "The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms." Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications [and] Protestant Heritage Press CD. Also available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    3. Bordwine, James, A GUIDE TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS: CONFESSION OF FAITH AND LARGER CATECHISM, ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
      Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the CONFESSION and the LARGER CATECHISM.
    4. WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM WITH PROOF TEXTS
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM WITH SCRIPTURE PROOFS
      Arguably the greatest tract ever created, all factors considered.
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
      THE SHORTER CATECHISM
      Free downloadable PDF file.
      http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf
    6. Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
      "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
      http://www.shortercatechism.com/
    7. Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc
    8. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (The Westminster Standards), and Related Works: A Study Guide
      http://www.lettermen2.com/suggest.html
    9. The Scottish Covenanted Reformation continued the work of The Westminster Assembly. David Steel (1803-1887), is considered to be one of the most faithful Covenanter ministers in America. Notice that the citation following is an authorized, complete edition of their final TESTIMONY.
      Reformed Presbytery in North America (Steelite), David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, FOR THE WHOLE OF THE COVENANTED REFORMATION, AS ATTAINED TO, AND ESTABLISHED IN, BRITAIN AND IRELAND; PARTICULARLY BETWIXT THE YEARS 1638 AND 1649, INCLUSIVE. AS, ALSO, AGAINST ALL THE STEPS OF DEFECTION FROM SAID REFORMATION, WHETHER IN FORMER OR LATER TIMES, SINCE THE OVERTHROW OF THAT GLORIOUS WORK, DOWN TO THIS PRESENT DAY (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876).
      This is a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761. It was the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840.
      https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
    10. Church and State
      Works listed here discuss the decline of the influence of Calvinism and the Covenanted Reformation in Great Britain and the United States. The various alterations to the Westminster Standards are also discussed.
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#churchstate
    11. Heresies Defined and the Necessity of Heresies Explained, by George Gillespie, Scottish Commissioner to the Assembly of Divines at Westminster
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/gillespie/ggilles09.html

    *Williamson, G.I. (Gerald Irvin), The Westminster Confession of Faith [1646] for Study Classes, ISBN: 0875525385. A Christian classic.
    "The most thorough work on the Confession since A.A. Hodge." -- William Grier
    "Describes the Christian faith. You will also find this treatment excellent in coverage and application to contemporary living. Examples of divergent doctrine, problems with other philosophy and cultural standards are presented. The arguments and Q&A after each section makes it practical for knowing and living a Christian life. This is not feel-good theology, but how intelligent and responsible people can seek to understand the breadth of scripture in a concise book." -- Publisher
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm
    Bordwine, James, A Guide to the Westminster Standards: Confession of Faith and Larger Catechism (Unicoi, TN: (The Trinity Foundation, 1996), ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
    Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the Confession and the Catechism.

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The inspiration and infallibility of scripture (the doctrine of revelation, the doctrine of plenary inspiration, the doctrine of divine inspiration, the doctrine of verbal inspiration, theopneustia, sufficiency of scripture), Epistemology, The ten commandments: the moral law, The person and work of jesus christ the Lord (christology), Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justification, Justifying faith, Church discipline, Systematic theology, Ethics, computer ethics, cyberethics, Sex ethics, sex education, Medical ethics, Conscience, casuistry, cases of conscience, The all-sufficiency of christ, The words of christ, Words of christ appearing in the web edition of biblical counsel: resources for renewal, Trusting god, Loving and obeying god, Words of christ appearing in the web edition of biblical counsel: resources for renewal, The westminster confession of faith (completed by the assembly in 1646, approved by parliament in 1647), the westminster standards and related works, the westminster assembly, Commentaries on the westminster standards (westminster confession, larger catechism, and shorter catechism), and so forth, and so on.

    Related Weblinks

    Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc

    *The Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines
    The original text of 1646, from the manuscript of Cornelius Burges, Assessor to the Westminster Assembly, with the Assembly's proof texts, as published in the modern critical edition of 1937 by S.W. Carruthers.
    Free downloadable PDF file.
    http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/?s=The+Confession+of+Faith+of+the+Westminster+Assembly+of+Divines

    The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646, The Westminster Standards) and Related Works: A Study Guide
    http://www.lettermen2.com/suggest.html



    The Epistle to the Reader

    *Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), Family Worship: Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader of the Westminster Confession of Faith and Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: DIRECTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY CONCERNING SECRET AND PRIVATE WORSHIP AND MUTUAL EDIFICATION FOR CHERISHING PIETY, FOR MAINTAINING UNITY AND AVOIDING SCHISM AND DIVISION (1646). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #11.
    "Manton was a covenanted English Presbyterian (he swore the Solemn League and Covenant). He was also chosen to write the 'Epistle to the Reader' in THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH, 1647, which speaks volumes as to his credibility among the preachers and scholars of his day." -- Publisher
    Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader of the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), and Larger and Shorter Catechisms
    http://www.swrb.com//newslett/actualnls/famworship.htm

    Related Weblinks

    Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader of the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), and Larger and Shorter Catechisms
    http://www.swrb.com//newslett/actualnls/famworship.htm

    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html



    The Shorter Catechism

    Question 4, Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    Q. 4. What is God?
    A. God is a Spirit,[7] infinite,[8] eternal,[9] and unchangeable,[10] in his being,[11] wisdom,[12] power,[13] holiness,[14] justice,[15] goodness,[16] and truth.[17]
    Scripture proofs:
    [7] Deuteronomy 4:15-19. Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female, The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air, The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth: And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven. Luke 24:39. Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have. John 1:18. No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him. John 4:24. God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. Acts 17:29. Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man's device.
    [8] 1 Kings 8:27. But will God indeed dwell on the earth? behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded? Psalm 139:7-10. Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence? If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art there. If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me. Psalm 145:3. Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; and his greatness is unsearchable. Psalm 147:5. Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is infinite. Jeremiah 23:24. Can any hide himself in secret places that I shall not see him? saith the LORD. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith the LORD. Romans 11:33-36. O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor? Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again? For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.
    [9] Deuteronomy 33:27. The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; and shall say, Destroy them. Psalm 90:2. Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Psalm 102:12,24-27. But thou, O LORD, shalt endure for ever; and thy remembrance unto all generations. . . . I said, O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days: thy years are throughout all generations. Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands. They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment; as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: But thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Revelation 1:4,8. John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne. . . . I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
    [10] Psalm 33:11. The counsel of the LORD standeth for ever, the thoughts of his heart to all generations. Malachi 3:6. For I am the LORD, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Hebrews 1:12. And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. Hebrews 6:17-18. Wherein God, willing more abundantly to show unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath: That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: Hebrews 13:8. Jesus Christ the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever. James 1:17. Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.
    [11] Exodus 3:14. And God said unto Moses, I AM THAT I AM: and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you. Psalm 115:2-3. Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is now their God? But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. 1 Timothy 1:17. Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. 1 Timothy 6:15-16. Which in his times he shall show, who is the blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords; Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; whom no man hath seen, nor can see: to whom be honour and power everlasting. Amen.
    [12] Psalm 104:24. O LORD, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches. Romans 11:33-34. O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor? Hebrews 4:13. Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do. 1 John 3:20. For if our heart condemn us, God is greater than our heart, and knoweth all things.
    [13] Genesis 17:1. And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I am the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect. Psalm 62:11. God hath spoken once; twice have I heard this; that power belongeth unto God. Jeremiah 32:17. Ah Lord GOD! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee: Matthew 19:26. But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Revelation 1:8. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty.
    [14] Hebrews 1:13. But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool? 1 Peter 1:15-16. But as he which hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation; Because it is written, Be ye holy; for I am holy. 1 John 3:3,5. And every man that hath this hope in him purifieth himself, even as he is pure. . . . And ye know that he was manifested to take away our sins; and in him is no sin. Revelation 15:4. Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest.
    [15] Genesis 18:25. That be far from thee to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked: and that the righteous should be as the wicked, that be far from thee: Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right? Exodus 34:6-7. And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation. Deuteronomy 32:4. He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. Psalm 96:13. Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth. Romans 3:5,26. But if our unrighteousness commend the righteousness of God, what shall we say? Is God unrighteous who taketh vengeance? (I speak as a man). . . . To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.
    [16] Psalm 103:5. Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle's. Psalm 107:8. Oh that men would praise the LORD for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men! Matthew 19:7. They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away? Romans 2:4. Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?
    [17] Exodus 34:6. And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth, Deuteronomy 32:4. He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he. Psalm 86:15. But thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious, longsuffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. Psalm 117:2. For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD. Hebrews 6:18. That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us. -- Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts

    See the Theological Notes: "The Law of God," at Exodus 20:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    See the Theological Notes: "The Three Purposes of the Law" at Deuteronomy 13:10 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    *Boston, Thomas (1676-1732), Commentary on the Shorter Catechism, 2 volumes. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    " 'Two large volumes of over 1300 pages! Boston's work is the most comprehensive reference set ever penned on The Westminster Shorter Catechism. Concerning The Shorter Catechism, A.F. Mitchell states '. . . it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (The Westminster Assembly . . . ). The Shorter Catechism is the 'king of the catechisms' for shear power of expression, combining logical cogency with succinctness. Boston's exposition is unrivalled; there is nothing else like it. Here you have the cream of Puritan catechisms married to the cream of clear Puritan exposition! This is likely Boston's most important work. A set that will meet numerous needs, ranging from use in family worship, Christian education and personal study, to sermon preparation -- and for help in settling debated questions on the Presbytery floor. A one-of-a-kind set of books that will serve your family for generations to come!" -- Publisher
    "It is worth while to be a Shorter Catechism boy. They grow to be men. And better than that, the are exceedingly apt to grow to be men of God." -- B.B. Warfield
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    *Boston, Thomas (1676-1732), Of Justification. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF THE REVEREND THOMAS BOSTON. (1:581-612).
    Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. (Romans 3:24)
    Boston, Thomas, A Sermon on Justification
    "Excerpted from his COMMENTARY ON THE SHORTER CATECHISM."
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/sermons/boston_justification.html

    Brown, John (of Haddington, 1722-1787), Essay Towards an Easy Explication of the Shorter Catechism. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #7.
    "The author has taken great care to correct, enlarge, and improve this edition of his catechism, particularly by adding a great number of Scripture texts in order to more clearly elucidate and confirm different points of doctrine and practice." -- Publisher

    *Cotton, John (1584-1652, editor), and The Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), New England Primer: Improved for the More Easy Attaining the True Reading of English. To Which is Added The Assembly of Divines, and Mr. Cotton's Catechism. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language.
    "THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER was the first textbook ever printed in America and was used to teach reading and Bible lessons in our schools until the twentieth century. In fact, many of the Founders and their children learned to read from THE PRIMER. This pocket-size edition is an historical reprint of the 1777 version used in many schools during the Founding Era." -- Publisher
    "THE NEW ENGLAND PRIMER was one of the greatest books ever published. It went through innumerable editions; it reflected in a marvelous way the spirit of the age that produced it, and contributed, perhaps more than any other book except the BIBLE, to the molding of those sturdy generations that gave to America its liberty and its institutions.
    "The Founding Fathers of this country and other Americans learned to read from this little treasure. There is much that we can learn about them and the way they thought by examining its contents. The true study of history should incorporate the study of what motivated people to do the things they did. This reprint makes for great classroom discussion. It makes for an excellent addition to any American History class at all grade levels and all ages. It is pocket-size, and kids and adults love it. I highly recommend it!" -- Reader's Comment
    "WEBSTER'S BLUE-BACKED SPELLING BOOK and the NEW ENGLAND PRIMER were basic, foundational textbooks used in the schools of our Republic in the 18th and 19th centuries.
    "These two textbooks prove our founding fathers expected moral truths to be taught in every school subject." -- Reader's Comment
    The New-England Primer Improved for the More Easy Attaining the True Reading of English: To Which is Added The Assembly of Divines, and Mr. Cotton's Catechism (1777)
    http://archive.org/details/newenglandprimer00west

    Doolittle, Thomas (1632?-1707), The Young Man's Instructer, and the old Man's Remembrancer, or, Controversies and Practical Truths, Fitted to the Capacity of Children, and the more ignorant sort of people: Being done in a catechetical exercise, on the Lords Day, in explaining the questions of the Reverend Assemblies Shorter catechisme . . .: Together with a practical application of the truth confirmed . . . Alternate title: THE YOUNG MAN'S INSTRUCTER, AND THE OLD MAN'S REMEMBRANCER, OR, CONTROVERSIES AND PRACTICAL TRUTHS, FITTED TO THE CAPACITY OF CHILDREN, AND THE MORE IGNORANT SORT OF PEOPLE, 1673. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Fisher, James, Ebenezer Erskine (1680-1754), and Ralph Erskine (1685-1752), et al., The Westminster Assembly's Shorter Catechism Explained, by way of Question and Answer, Wherein it is Essayed to Bring Forth the Truths of God Contained in That Excellent Composure, more fully than has been attempted in any one of the explicatory Catechisms hitherto published. Part second. Of the Duty Which God Requires of man. Alternate title: FISHER'S CATECHISM -- THE GREAT SCOTTISH COMMENTARY ON THE WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Dr. M'Crie writes, 'this well-known work was very generally employed by ministers as their test-book at the public examinations of their people, when both old and young were duly catechised. This was, in fact, a profound system of divinity, and was especially devoted to an explanation of the Marrow doctrines." (cited in the Treasury of the Scottish Covenant, p. 474)
    "Mackay notes that it 'displays a rich fund of sound theological practical erudition; and it soon became, and still continues to be, the favorite religious manual in thousands of Scotland's religious families, and had associated his name (i.e. Fisher -- RB), with the Erskines especially as a household word.' (Ibid.)
    "We have also added the original sections of this book that were taken out by the backsliding (American) Presbyterians that published this later edition. And what they left out is very telling about their defection from Reformation attainments. Among other things they deleted sections dealing with worship (iconoclasm), national covenanting, civil government, toleration, capital punishment (as proved from Old Testament case law), baptism, etc. We have placed all these previously excluded questions and answers in a separate section at the front of the book so that it will be easy for you to see what these unfaithful editors did not want you to see. Thus, you still get the benefit of the superior typesetting of this later edition, with the full text as the original (more Reformed), authors intended it. 485 pages, indexed." -- Publisher
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    Flavel, John (1630-1691), An Exposition of the Assemblies Catechism (1767)
    http://archive.org/details/anexpositionass00flavgoog
    An Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, John Flavel (1630-1691)
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/resources/flavel/wsc_fl_001.html
    An Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    Henry, Matthew (1662-1714), The Catechising of Youth and Christ's Favour to Little Children Displayed (1713). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #22.
    "The two sermons noted above form foundational teaching that every family should be aware of and practice. A faithful ministry and faithful parents, who catechize their children daily, will do more for true Reformation and godliness than just about any other means to this end. Here Henry also adds simple questions to each question of the Westminster Shorter Catechism to help explain it to beginners. Very practical!" -- Publisher
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html

    Kelly, Douglas F., Philip B. Rollinson, and Frederick T. Marsh, The Westminster Shorter Catechism in Modern English, ISBN: 0875525482 9780875525488.
    "Since its completion in 1647 [sic] the Westminster Shorter Catechism has been unsurpassed as a concise tool for teaching the Reformed understanding of Scripture. Though the truths of the catechism are unchanging, the English language has undergone many changes, which have made using the catechism in its original form increasingly difficult." -- Publisher

    Lockman, Vic, The Westminster Shorter Catechism With Cartoons, ISBN: 0936175281 9780936175287.

    Lye, Thomas, The Assemblies Shorter Catechism Drawn out Into Distinct Propositions, and Proved by Plain, and Pertinent Texts of scripture at Large: With short rules of direction for masters of families, how to use this book to the best advantage. By Thomas Lye, M.A. and sometimes minister of the Gospel at Alhallows Lumbard-street, 1672.

    Lye, Thomas, An Explanation of the Shorter Catechism Compos'd by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, 1647: With a Plain, and Familiar Method of Instructing the Younger Sort, in That Catechism, Specially Intended for Governours of Families, and humbly submitted to the candid judgment of the godly and judicious reader, 1675.

    McMaster (M'Master), Gilbert (1778-1854), The Shorter Catechism Analyzed: Containing a Distinct Exhibition of the Particular Doctrines Under Each Question, With Appropriate Proofs From Scripture. Alternate title: ANALYSIS OF THE WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM.

    Mitchell, Alexander F. (1822-1899), Catechisms of the Second Reformation (1886), ISBN: 9070009315 9789070009311. Later published as RUTHERFORD'S CATECHISM CONTAINING THE SUM OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION, ISBN: 0951148435 9780951148433. Preface and editing by James A. Dickson. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #10.
    "Part 1: The Shorter Catechism and its Puritan Precursors. Part 2: Rutherford's and other Scottish Catechisms of the same epoch. Includes a historical introduction and biographical notices. Explains the composition and sources of the Catechisms of the Westminster Assembly. Gives specimens of the Catechisms which were previously in use among the doctrinal Puritans in England and Scotland and those laid before the Assembly. Mitchell was Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of St. Andrews." -- Publisher
    Catechisms of the Second Reformation . . . (1886)
    http://archive.org/details/catechismsofseco00mitc
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html

    Palmer, Samuel, The Protestant-dissenter's Catechism: Containing, I. A Brief History of the Nonconformists; II. The Reason of the Dissent From the National Church. Designed to Instruct and Establish Young Persons Among the Dissenters in the Principles of Nonconformity, the ninth edition, 1792.
    "The catechism was undertaken at the request of several ministers, who wanted a supplement to the Westminster Shorter Catechism giving the grounds of dissent. The manuscript was revised by Philip Furneaux and Job Orton, and published in 1772. Its two sections deal with the history and principles of nonconformity. It was successful, reaching a third edition in 1773, and saw additions and revisions by various editors; the 29th edition was published in 1890. A translation into Welsh was first published in 1775. An edition adapted for Irish Presbyterians was published at Belfast, 1824. It was too long for its original purpose, and Palmer issued THE PROTESTANT DISSENTERS' SHORTER CATECHISM -- a Supplement to the Assembly's, 1783."

    Ridgley, Thomas (1667?-1734), and John M. Wilson, A Body of Divinity: Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are Explained and Defended: Being the Substance of Several Lectures on the Assembly's Larger Catechism (1855), vol. 1 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/bodyofdivinity01ridg
    Ridgley, A Body of Divinity: Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are Explained and Defended, vol. 2 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/bodyofdivinitywh02ridgiala

    *Vincent, Thomas (1634-1678), Shorter Catechism Explained From Scripture. Alternate title: THE SHORTER CATECHISM OF THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY EXPLAINED AND PROVED FROM SCRIPTURE, ISBN: 085151314X. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Forty Puritans including John Owen, Thomas Manton, Thomas Brooks and Thomas Watson recommended this useful volume as a very worth aid for family instruction. This volume gives parents very simple explanations to take their children through the Westminster Shorter Catechism."
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project: Body of Divinity Contained in Sermons Upon the Assembly's Catechism by the Rev. Thomas Watson
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    *Watson, Thomas (1620-1686), Body of Divinity: Contained in Sermons Upon the Westminster Assembly's Catechism, ISBN: 0851511449. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The first book published by the Trust, this has been one of the best sellers and consistently the most useful and influential of our publications . . . It deals with the foremost doctrinal and experimental truths of the Christian faith . . . It is based on the Westminster Assembly's Shorter Catechism, in which the main principles of Christianity that lie scattered in the Scriptures are brought together and set forth in the form of question and answer. This catechism is unsurpassed for its 'terse exactitude of definition' and 'logical elaboration' of the fundamentals. . . . Watson conveys his thorough doctrinal and experimental knowledge of the truth in such an original, concise, pithy, pungent, racy, rich, and illustrative style that he is rightly regarded as the most readable of the Puritans." -- Publisher
    "As an introduction to Puritan theology, as a short and sweet course in Christian doctrine, as devotional reading, and as a preacher's gold-mine, Watson's work can hardly be praised too highly." -- J.I. Packer
    "Contains Watson's exposition of the Westminster Shorter Catechism, excluding the Lord's Prayer and the Ten Commandments." -- GCB
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project: Body of Divinity Contained in Sermons Upon the Assembly's Catechism by the Rev. Thomas Watson
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/resources/vincent/wsc_vi_001.html?page_id=205
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms. Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/index01.htm
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/
    Watson, A Body of Practical Divinity Sermons on the Shorter Catechism of the Westminster Assembly, also Select Sermons on Various Subjects, Together with The Art of Divine Contentment, and Christ's Various Fulness (1859)
    http://archive.org/details/bodyofpracticald00watsuoft
    Bordwine, James, A Guide to the Westminster Standards: Confession of Faith and Larger Catechism (Unicoi, TN: (The Trinity Foundation, 1996), ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
    Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the Confession and the Catechism.

    *Watson, Thomas (1620-1686), The Lord's Prayer, ISBN: 0851511457. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Watson's three works on the Westminster Shorter Catechism is concluded by his exposition of the Lord's Prayer. In this book he analyses in detail the Preface to the prayer and the six petitions. His treatment of the second petition ('thy Kingdom come'), is exceptionally full and illuminating. This book affords instruction and practical help to praying Christians." -- Publisher
    "A full and powerful Puritan exposition of the Lord's Prayer. So excellent that it may be without equal." -- GCB
    "A part of the writer's famous BODY OF DIVINITY. An excellent exposition combining sound doctrine with practical application." -- Cyril J. Barber
    The Lord's Prayer, Thomas Watson
    http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/ipb-e/epl-watson-lprayer.html
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    *Watson, Thomas (1620-1686), The Ten Commandments, ISBN: 0851516815. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "In this book Watson continues his exposition of the Shorter Catechism drawn up by the Westminster Assembly. Watson was one of the most popular preachers in London during the Puritan era . . . The series of three volumes, of which this is the second (the BODY OF DIVINITY is first and THE LORD'S PRAYER third), makes an ideal introduction to Puritan literature. There are few matters about which the Puritans differ more from present-day Christians than in their assessment of the importance of the Ten Commandments. The Commandments, they held, are the first thing in Christianity which the natural man needs to be taught and they should be the daily concern of the Christian to the last. In this book Watson examines the moral law as a whole as well as bringing out the meaning and force of each particular commandment. In view of the important function of the law in Christian life and evangelism, this is a most valuable volume." -- Publisher
    "Excellent study. Highly recommended for personal and group study. The need for understanding the Law of God is always of great importance for the Christian. Watson is an excellent expositor of it." -- GCB
    "The most famous commentary on the Ten Commandments was by Lancelot Andrews (1555-1626), a huge folio." -- Jay P. Green, Sr. (1918-2008)
    The Ten Commandments, Thomas Watson
    http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/ipb-e/epl-watson-10cm.html
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    *Westminster Divines (1643-1653), Shorter Catechism With Scripture Proofs, ISBN: 095392419X 9780953924196. Available (PDF and MP3), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Catechisms have been greatly employed in the Church since the days of the Apostles. A great revival of their use took place at the Reformation. None rivals the WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY'S SHORTER CATECHISM, for extensive use, succinctness, or clarity. Richard Baxter said of it in his day, 'It is the best Catechism I ever saw -- a most excellent sum of the Christian faith and doctrine, and a fit test to try the orthodoxy of its teachers.' Excellent for training youth, it has been used with profit starting as early as three years of age." -- Publisher
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    Whitecross, John, The Shorter Catechism Illustrated, ISBN: 1932474080 9781932474084.
    The Shorter Catechism Illustrated, John Whitecross
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/resources/whitecross/wsc_wh_001.html
    Illustrations of the Shorter Catechism for children and youth (1864), Jonathan Cross [Whitecross -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/illustrationsoft01crosuoft

    Willard, Samuel (1639-1707), Thomas Prince, and Joseph Sewall, A Compleat Body of Divinity in Two Hundred and Fifty Expository Lectures on the Assembly's Shorter Catechism Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are Unfolded, Their Truth Confirm'd, Their Excellence Display'd, Their Usefulness Improv'd; Contrary errors and vices refuted and expos'd, objections answer'd, controversies settled, cases of conscience resolv'd; and a great light thereby reflected on the present age. By the Reverend and learned Samuel Willard, M.A. late Pastor of the South Church in Boston, and vice-president of Harvard College in Cambridge, in New-England. Prefac'd by the pastors of the same church.
    Samuel Willard was pastor of a Church of Christ in Boston and Vice-President of Harvard College. See his other works.

    Williamson, G.I. (Gerald Irvin), The Shorter Catechism for Study Classes, ISBN: 0875525210 9780875525211.

    *Williamson, G.I., and Paul Gunter Settle, Catechism for Young Children: An Introduction to the Shorter Catechism. Alternate title: FIRST CATECHISM. ISBN: 0934688680 9780934688680.
    "FIRST CATECHISM is a primer on the Christian faith in general and the Reformed faith in particular. It is intended to be used with children, beginning at the earliest age feasible.
    "The structure and content are drawn from the CATECHISM FOR YOUNG CHILDREN, originally published in 1840 by Joseph P. Engels. His work was an effort to introduce and simplify the concepts of the Shorter Catechism -- one part of the Westminster Standards, which serve as the doctrinal foundation of Presbyterians worldwide.
    "In this adaptation, we have incorporated changes in vocabulary, grammar and the sequence of questions to make the catechism clearer and more accessible to young children. Where possible, the more personal first- or second-person pronouns are used.
    "Catechizing -- systematic instruction using simple questions and answers -- is a tried and effective tool for spiritual nurture. In the Presbyterian/Reformed tradition, this has been a common form for expressing and memorizing key elements of the Bible and our system of doctrine. The objective of FIRST CATECHISM is to make that process work better and with greater dynamic impact in the lives of the learners.
    "Ideally, covenant children should begin learning the answers from FIRST CATECHISM as they begin to talk. By so doing, they will add to their vocabulary the words that reflect biblical truth and especially the doctrines of grace. This will prepare them to take on a Godward perspective toward themselves, God and his creation.
    "It should be regarded as a stepping stone for young people to later study the WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM.
    "FIRST CATECHISM teaches children to know, love and serve God.
    "Our prayer is that the fruit will be a desire in them to fulfill man's chief end -- to glorify God and enjoy him forever." -- Preface
    New First Catechism to Go: Beginning Discipleship in the Christian Faith
    "Interactive PDF to use on all devices."
    https://www.gcp.org/downloads/DigitalDownloads/FC2Go-website-sample.pdf

    Related Weblinks

    Bible Presbyterian Church Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    http://shortercatechism.com/

    Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc

    A Commentary on the Shorter Catechism, Alexander Whyte
    http://www.bpc.org/resources/whyte/wsc_whyte_001.html

    An Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, John Flavel
    http://www.bpc.org/resources/flavel/wsc_fl_001.html

    Of Man's Chief end and Happiness, Rev. Thomas Boston
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/resources/boston/wsc_bo_001.html

    The Shorter Catechism Deck
    "The Shorter Catechism Deck is a card deck that incorporates all 107 questions of the Westminster Shorter Catechism (17th Century) on 54 bridge sized playing cards. The idea for this project spawned out of necessity. The Shorter Catechism is normally printed in a collection of other documents, which can often make for a rather large book. So, what we did was create something that would allow for a convenient and practical catechizing tool for at home or on the go."
    https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/386341857/the-shorter-catechism-deck?ref=user_menu

    *Westminster Shorter Catechism, video series
    "THE WESTMINSTER SHORTER CATECHISM is a catechism written in 1646 and 1647 by the Westminster Assembly, a synod of English and Scottish theologians and laymen intended to bring the Church of England into greater conformity with the Church of Scotland. The Catechism is in a question and answer format, which had been popularized by Martin Luther as a way to help children learn the meaning of the material, rather than simply memorizing the Lord's Prayer, Ten Commandments, and Apostles' Creed as had been the practice prior to the Reformation. The catechism is composed of 107 questions and answers. Each video segment in the 'Westminster Shorter Catechism Series' is a self-contained unit for use in individual and family study. Suggested uses may include use as part of a Home School Curriculum or for discussion in Family Worship. We trust the Lord would use these lessons to enrich and bless your souls."
    https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCliClfWuYGWapz08HOsTQHA?app=desktop

    *Westminster Larger Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html

    *Westminster Shorter Catechism
    "The Shorter Catechism, With the Assembly's Proof Texts."
    Free downloadable PDF file.
    http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf

    *Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
    "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/

    Westminster Shorter Catechism Project: Body of Divinity Contained in Sermons Upon the Assembly's Catechism by the Rev. Thomas Watson
    http://www.shortercatechism.com/resources/vincent/wsc_vi_001.html?page_id=205

    *Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html



    The Larger Catechism

    The Larger Catechism: Agreed Upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, With the Assistance of Commissioners From the Church of Scotland, as a Part of the Covenanted Uniformity in Religion Betwixt the Churches of Christ in the Kingdoms of Scotland, England, and Ireland and Approved anno 1648, by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, to be a directory for catechising such as have made some proficiency in the knowledge of the grounds of religion, with the proofs from the Scripture. -- The long title for The Larger Catechism
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html

    See the Theological Notes: "The Law of God," at Exodus 20:1 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    *Edwards, Jonathan (1703-1758), The end for Which God Created the World, ISBN: 0300011989 9780300011982. Available (THE WORKS OF JONATHAN EDWARDS), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "When those who are devoid of the Spirit of God and reject revealed religion meet up with the Scriptural doctrine of original sin, their comments expose their hostility towards God and help exhibit the very principle they deny. For example, Smellie comments on one reaction to this work of Edwards as follows: 'Mr. Lechy has condemned the treatise on Original Sin as "one of the most revolting books that have ever proceeded from the pen of man'." Edwards summarizes this book as 'a general defense of that great important doctrine,' and has skillfully answered those who would assail the revealed truth of God's Word at this point. If our doctrine is weak on man's nature and (in)ability, all manner of false 'help yourself' religion (e.g. Arminianism, Romanism, the cults, the occult, etc.), and secular seduction (e.g. psychology, socialism, etc.), based on man's inherent 'goodness' or ability to 'save himself,' will be given a wide open door to run rampant." -- Publisher
    "Two dissertations . . . by the late reverend, learned and pious Jonathan Edwards, A.M., president of the college in New Jersey. Concerning the end for which God created the world."
    Edwards, Jonathan, Two Dissertations: I. Concerning the end for Which God Created the World; II. The Nature of True Virtue (1765)
    http://archive.org/details/twodissertations00edwa
    A Dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Made the World
    http://www.ccel.org/e/edwards/works/vol1/end_of_world/end.htm

    *Manton, Thomas (1620-1677), A Practical Exposition of the Lord's Prayer by . . . Thomas Manton, 1684. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #4 and #5.
    Notes: Contains engraved portrait frontispiece.

    Morecraft, Joseph C., Authentic Christianity: An Exposition of the Theology and Ethics of the Westminster Larger Catechism, 5 volumes, ISBN: 9780984064137 0984064133.
    "These nearly four thousand pages of pastoral writing by Dr. Joseph Morecraft on the WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM draw from two thousand years of church writers and theologians to produce the most practical, down-to-earth commentary ever written." -- Publisher
    "Every Christian who is serious about the Reformed Faith and the WESTMINSTER STANDARDS should have and use this set. It is much more than an exposition of the LARGER CATECHISM; it is a thoroughly researched work that utilizes biblical exegesis as well as historical and systematic theology." -- Dr. Joseph A. Pipa, Jr., President, Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary

    *Ridgeley, Thomas, and John Wilson (editor), Commentary on the Larger Catechism, 1731, ISBN: 0921148305 9780921148302. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Originally entitled: A BODY OF DIVINITY: WHEREIN THE DOCTRINES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION ARE EXPLAINED AND DEFENDED. BEING THE SUBSTANCE OF SEVERAL LECTURES ON THE ASSEMBLY'S LARGER CATECHISM, we have re-titled it to better reflect its contents for contemporary readers. Consisting of over 1300 pages, this massive and extensive two-volume commentary on the WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM is unrivaled in scope or extensiveness. Ridgeley himself notes, in 'The Author's Preface' (p. ix), 'The work is large, but the vast variety of subjects will render it more tolerable. . . . especially since it is rather designed to be read in families than committed to memory . . .' The editor of this edition, John Wilson, pronounces Ridgeley's work as 'the best book of its class,' stating, 'no book in the English language, or, so far as I know, in any other, will serve so efficiently the purposes of a daily companion to a reflecting Christian in his inquiries into Divine truth, or a guide to a candidate for the Christian ministry in introducing him to his theological studies (p. xi). 'In 1731 appeared the first edition of Mr. Ridgeley's great work -- that in connection with which chiefly his name lives in history, and whose influence, as an instrument of good, will probably render him celebrated and useful for generations to come . . .(p. xxii).' Moreover he continues, 'a taste, however, for the racy and substantial theological writings of the days of Britain's moral giants has of late revived; and it will scarcely fail to adopt, as one of the richest dishes of its multifarious banquet for the intellect and the soul, Dr. Ridgeley's Body of Divinity (p. xxi).'
    "Additionally, Wilson concludes his 'Life of the Author' with these words, 'His method of reasoning he has adapted to the capacities of those who are unacquainted with the abstruse terms made use of by metaphysicians and schoolmen, and when introduced into subjects of theology, have a tendency rather to perplex than to improve the mind. His scheme of divinity is evidently Calvinistic; but; then, he has explained his subjects with so much moderation and latitude, as to obviate many of the objections raised against the system of doctrines that passes under that name. Upon the whole, it is probable that the English language does not furnish a work of this nature that, for perspicuity of language, extent of research, accuracy of judgment, and judicious description of the numerous subjects that fall under examination, any way equals this work of Dr. Ridgeley . . . he was accounted one of the most considerable divines of his age' (emphasis added, p. xxiii)." -- Publisher
    Ridgley, Thomas (1667?-1734), and John M. Wilson, A Body of Divinity: Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are Explained and Defended: Being the Substance of Several Lectures on the Assembly's Larger Catechism (1855), vol. 1 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/bodyofdivinity01ridg
    Ridgley, A Body of Divinity: Wherein the Doctrines of the Christian Religion are Explained and Defended, vol. 2 of 2.
    http://archive.org/details/bodyofdivinitywh02ridgiala
    Westminster Larger Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html

    Various, The Humble Advice of the Assembly of Divines now by Authority of Parliament Sitting at Westminster: Concerning a Larger Catechism, Presented by Them Lately to Both Houses of Parliament, With the Proofs Thereof at Large out of the Scriptures, 2nd Edition 1658.

    Wishart, William, parson of Restalrigg, An Exposition of the Lord's Prayer. Delivered in two and twenty lectures, at the church of Lieth in Scotland; by Mr. William Wischart parson of Restalrigg, 1633.

    Related Weblinks

    Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc

    Westminster Larger Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html



    The Sum of Saving Knowledge

    Dickson, David (1583-1663), and James Durham, The Sum of Saving Knowledge: With the Practical use Thereof. Alternate title: A BRIEF SUM OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE CONTAINED IN HOLY SCRIPTURES AND HOLDEN FORTH IN THE CONFESSION OF FAITH AND CATECHISM AGREED UPON BY THE ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES AT WESTMINSTER AND RECEIVED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. Available (SELECT PRACTICAL WRITINGS OF DAVID DICKSON, VOL. 1) on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The Sum of Saving Knowledge
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/the-sum-of-saving-knowledge
    The Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, With the Scripture Proofs at Large: Together With The sum of Saving Knowledge (contained in the Holy Scriptures, and held forth in the said Confession and Catechisms), and Practical use Thereof, Covenants National and Solemn League, Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, Directories, Form of Church-government, &c. of Public Authority in the Church of Scotland, With Acts of Assembly and Parliament, Relative to, and Approbative of the Same (1757) [the original version of 1646, prior to the changes of the "American Version" of 1789 -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/confessionofscot00chur



    The National Covenant

    The "glorious marriage day between God and Scotland."

    The ratification of these covenants by the state, on some of the covenanting occasions, no doubt inferred a civil security of the religion therein espoused, even as the ratification of the Confession of Faith, and other subordinate standards, inferred a civil security to the Protestant religion therein exhibited. But as the latter makes not the Protestant religion a mere state religion; neither did the former render the covenants merely state covenants. In the national, the covenanters expressly declare, that therein they join themselves to the true Protestant church, as lively members of the same in Christ their Head. Times without number, they represent their engagements as covenants with God, which necessarily infers their reckoning them religious, not state covenants, which cannot be made with God, without supposing a renovation of the Jewish Theocracy, in which God sustained the character of principal magistrate. In 1596, and 1638, the most noted occasions of covenanting, they were not so much as influenced by the smallest injunction from the state. In 1643 and 1648 the other two most remarkable seasons thereof, the ecclesiastical authority had the lead, and the civil did little else than add its sanction to what appointments the church had made. And in every period, ministers, not statesmen, were the ordinary administrators of these oaths. -- John Brown (of Haddington, 1722-1787)

    Anonymous, National Covenanting for Reformation Defended: Wherein Particularly, the National, and Solemn League and Covenants of These Lands . . . Are Vindicated From the Unjust Calumny and Reproach Cast Upon Them, by Mr. Smith . . . in a pamphlet intitled, An account of the form and order of the Church of God, &c. Published, 1765. By a remnant, who, . . . are still endeavouring to bear witness to, and contend for Scotland's covenanted reformation.
    See: Smith, James, The Defence of National Covenanting, Non-toleration, and Sword of Steel, for Reformation Under the New Testament, by Mr. Flocker, &c. shewed to be insufficient: and the doctrine in the tract, intitled "A compendious account of the church of God, taken from Holy Scripture only, established.

    Anonymous, An Order That the Solemn League and Covenant be Read in Church on Every Fast Day, and That Every Congregation Have a Copy Printed in a Faire Letter, Hung up in the Church. The Covenant bears the signatures (244) of the House of Commons. Alternate title: WE SHALL ALSO ACCORDING TO OUR PLACES AND CALLINGS IN THIS COMMON CAUSE OF RELIGION, LIBERTY AND PEACE OF KINGDOMES, ASSIST AND DEFEND ALL THOSE THAT ENTER INTO LEAGUE AND COVENANT.

    Brinsley, John, The Saints Solemn Covenant With Their God: As it was Opened in a Sermon Preached at Beccles in the Countie of Suffolk, at the Taking of the Nationall Covenant There, by the Ministers and Other Officers of That Division. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Craighead, Alexander (1707-1766), Renewal of the Covenants, National and Solemn League; A Confession of Sins; An Engagement to Duties; and a Testimony; as They Were Carried on at Middle Octorara in Pennsylvania, November 11, 1743.
    Renewal of the Covenants at Middle Octorara, Pennsylvania
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/octorara_covenant_renewal.html
    The Scottish Covenanting Struggle, Alexander Craighead, and the Mecklenburg Declaration
    http://www.lettermen2.com/craig.html

    Gataker, Thomas (1574-1654), Theophilus Timorcus, Richard Vines (1600?-1656), and Richard Baxter (1615-1691), The Covenanters Plea Against Absolvers: or, A Modest Discourse, shewing why those who in England and Scotland took the Solemn League and Covenant, cannot judge their consciences discharged from the obligation of it, by any thing heretofore said by the Oxford men; or lately by Dr. Featly, Dr. Gauden, or any others. In which also several cases relating to promissory oathes, and to the said Covenant in special, are spoken to, and determined by Scripture, reason, and the joynt suffrages of casuists. Contrary to the indigested notions of some late writers; yet much to the sense of the Reverend Dr. Sanderson. Written by Theophilus Timorcus a well-wisher to students in casuistical divinity, 1660.
    "Notes: Attributed to Richard Baxter, Thomas Gataker, and Richard Vines by John Brown in his "An apologeticall relation of the particular sufferings of the faithfull ministers and professours of the Church of Scotland, since August, 1660."

    Gauden, John, 1605-1662, Anti Baal-Berith: or The Binding of the Covenant and all Covenanters to Their Good Behaviours. By a Just Vindication of Dr. Gaudens Analysis (that is, his resolving of the Covenant to law and justice, to duty and conscience, to reason and religion: or his dissolving it), against the cacotomy of a nameless and shameless libeller the worthy hyperaspites of Dr. Burges. Also against the pittyful cavils and objections of Mr. Zach. Grafton [sic], a rigid presbyter. With an answer to that monstrous paradox, of no sacriledge no sin, to alienate Church lands, without and against all laws of God and man. Written by the author of the Analysis, 1661. Alternate title: ANALEPSIS: THE BINDING OF ALL COVENANTS AND COVENANTERS TO THEIR GOOD BEHAVIOUR.

    Glas, John, An Essay to Prove the Perpetual Obligation of the National Covenant of the Church of Scotland: In a Letter From a Lover of the Covenanted Work of Reformation, to his Correspondent. . . . Together With a Postscript, containing remarks on three scandalous letters, subversive of all true religion in the church, and loyalty in the nation, by an anonymous author, industriously handed about, under the name of Answers to queries put by the Reverend Mr. Adams, to the Reverend Mr. G -- s Minister at T -- n.

    Hay Fleming, David (1849-1931), The Subscribing of the National Covenant in 1638, 1912. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The "glorious marriage day between God and Scotland."

    *Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), The National Covenant (1638) and Solemn League and Covenant (1643). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27. Available in THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646).
    "The National Covenant, a Scottish Presbyterian document, primarily composed by Alexander Henderson and Archibald Johnstone of Wariston. It was composed in opposition to the 'policies of Charles I. Written in the context of the riots resulting from the imposition of 'Laud's Liturgy' in 1637 and the King's refusal to receive the petitions of supplicants for redress, the National Covenant was an appeal . . . to defend the true Reformed religion, and to decline the recent innovations in worship decreed by the King.' (Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 620)
    "Furthermore, it was 'an assertion by the Kirk of freedom from royal or state control, a personal oath of allegiance to Jesus Christ, the only Head of the Church, the King of kings, and a dedication of life to him. It stemmed directly from God's covenant of grace, was in the succession of those earlier bonds the Scots had made with God for his people's defence and deliverance, and represented a call in the Pauline sense to 'conduct themselves a citizens.' (Idem.) This covenant (and the Solemn League and Covenant described below), are still binding on all true Presbyterians and the hearty and steadfast renewal of these faithful documents would constitute a mighty means toward modern reformation, seeing that much of the contemporary church and all modern states have set themselves against the Lord, and against his anointed (Psalm 2:2); excepting, maybe, the African state of Zambia, which seems to be presently reforming, but not yet covenanted to the Lord. The Solemn League and Covenant was first of all a religious covenant and secondly a civil league. 'After noting that they had one king and one Reformed religion and expressing their concern about the estate of both the Church and kingdom of England and Scotland, the signatories swear to preserve 'the Reformed Religion in the Church of Scotland' and the Reformation of religion in England and to bring the churches to the 'nearest Conjunction and Uniformity in Religion', confession, government, and worship. They also bound themselves to extirpate popery and prelacy as well as superstition, heresy and whatever is contrary to sound doctrine . . . to bring to trial all who hinder such reformation of religion or divide the king from his people and to continue such 'to all Posterity' and not suffer themselves to be withdrawn from 'this blessed Union and Conjunction.' (Ibid., pp. 786-789). This covenant gave teeth to the work of the Westminster Assembly and united three nations under the Lordship of Jesus Christ. It was publicly taken by the Westminster Divines and the English parliament on September 25th. 'On the 9th of October the king issued a proclamation from Oxford, denouncing this document as 'in truth nothing else but a traitorous and seditious combination against us and the established religion of this kingdom;' straitly charging and commanding all his loving subjects, upon their allegiance, 'that they presume not to take the said seditious and traitorous Covenant.' And at last an order was issued by the Parliament, in February 1644, commanding the Covenant to be taken throughout the kingdom of England by all persons above the age of 18 years; which order was accompanied by an exhortation prepared by the Assembly of Divines. In Scotland, as soon as information was received of what had taken place in London, the Committee of Estates ordered the Covenant to be subscribed by all ranks and conditions of people, on penalty of the confiscation of property, or such other punishment as his Majesty and the parliament might resolve to inflict.' (Hetherington The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, pp. 127-128). Furthermore, Hetherington goes on to call this bond 'the wisest, the sublimest, and the most sacred document ever framed by uninspired men.' (p. 134). If you want to understand Presbyterianism these two covenant documents offer as much light as any others we know of. They are inextricably linked to the Westminster Standards, historical testimony and the covenanted reformation. Some still believe that they will once again be renewed on an international basis near the beginning of the millennium, in preparation for the days when the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea. (Isaiah 11:9). With this sentiment we wholeheartedly concur!" -- Publisher
    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), The National, 1638 and Solemn League and Covenant, 1643
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/CRTSol.htm
    Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), National Covenant
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/4/1/the-national-covenant

    *Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), Preparing for Covenant Renewal, MP3 file [audio file]. Available (MP3 and WORKS OF ALEXANDER HENDERSON) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, #8.
    "Originally preached on the occasion of the swearing of the National Covenant of Scotland (1638). This sermon is read (by Lyndon Dohms), from the book SERMONS, PRAYERS AND PULPIT ADDRESSES by Henderson. It is a representative example of the focus of the Covenanted Reformation in its earlier stages." -- Publisher

    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), and Philip Nye (1596?-1672), The Covenant: With a Narrative of the Proceedings and Solemn Manner of Taking it by the Honourable House of Commons, and reverent Assembly of Divines the 25th day of September, at Saint Margarets in Westminster. Also, tvvo speeches delivered at the same time; the one by Mr. Philip Nye, the other by Mr. Alexander Hendersam. Published by speciall order of the House, 1643.

    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), and Philip Nye (1596?-1672), Two Speeches Delivered Before the Subscribing of the Covenant, the 25. of September, at St. Margarets in Westminster the one by Mr. Philip Nye, the other by Mr. Alexander Henderson, 1643.

    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), and William Smith, A Plea for the Protestant Faith: or, An Antidote Against the Infectious Contagion of Anti-Christian Darkness; Vended by Mr. Alexander Pirie . . . in which the morality of national covenanting is asserted, maintained, and defended; and the British martyrs vindicated, who lost their lives in the quarrel of the national covenant of Scotland, and solemn league and covenant of the three nations. Addressed to the young and rising generation. By a member of the associate session at Auchtermuchty.

    *Hislop, Alexander (1807-1865), Christ's Crown and Covenant or National Covenanting Essentially Connected With National Revival, 1860.

    Lumsden, John, The Covenants of Scotland, 1914. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    Includes "The Ladies Covenant."

    Mocket, Thomas (1602-1670), The Nationall Covenant. A discourse on the Covenant. Wherein Also the Severall Parts of the Late Protestation are Proved to be Grounded on Religion and Reason: With Sundry Motives and Directions, tending to further our keeping covenant with God. Which may be of speciall use in these times. By Tho. Mocket, M. of Arts, and preacher of the word of God, 1642.

    Morrill, John (editor), The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context, 1638-1651, ISBN: 0748602038 9780748602032.

    Mullan, David, National Covenant.
    "The National Covenant is a Scottish manifesto of about 4,000 words embracing issues both political and religious, first signed in the Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh, on February 28, 1638, the "glorious marriage day between God and Scotland." -- Publisher

    Palmer, Samuel, The Covenanters Catechisme, or, A Brief and Familiar Analysis and Exposition of the Covenant: First Delivered in Sundry Sermons to a particular congregation, and now resolved into questions and answers for the more publike good, 1644.

    *Price, Greg L., The National Covenant of Scotland, 2 audio cassettes [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9, #27.
    "This covenant has been considered (along with the Solemn League and Covenant), as one of two major historical covenants binding the moral person of the church -- since the days of the covenants of Old Testament Israel. Price gives a fascinating account of what led up to this watershed document, what is contained in it (and why), and shows why this is of great importance to the church today. If you are interested in the present testimony concerning the Lord's covenanted Zion, this is one of the best places to start. Teaching like this has not been heard in North America for some time and it marks the revival of the most consistent Calvinism that the church has attained thus far in history." -- Publisher
    The National Covenant of Scotland
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sid=8501202735

    Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), Tercentenary of the National Covenant of Scotland, 1638-1938: Memorial Convention of the Three Reformed Presbyterian Churches of Scotland, Ireland and America, 1939.

    Ruddoch, John, A Serious Advice, how to Attain Assurance of Salvation, by Personal Covenanting With our Lord Jesus Christ: Together With a Resolution of the Most Weighty and Necessary Cases of Conscience, That Trouble Exercised Christians, Concerning Their State, and Case of Their Souls. Being a letter from Mr. John Ruddoch, to all the societie [sic] in the south and west of Scotland, who joined in communion with the Reverend Mr. John Taylor, minister of the Gospel, in renewing our covenants, national and solemn league, in Wamphray Muir in Anandale, on the 23d of August, and in celebrating the Lord's Supper, in that place, on the Sabbath next thereafter, being the 26th of August 1722.

    *Schwertley, Brian M., and Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States. Publications Committee, National Covenanting and Christ's Victory Over the Nations. Available at Reformed Online.
    "This is the first book-length, scholarly exposition and defense of national covenanting since 1843. This comprehensive treatment includes the binding nature of covenants, covenant renewals under the godly kings of Israel, objections to covenanting answered, the unbiblical nature of the U.S. Constitution, the unscriptural alteration of the Westminster Confession of Faith in 1789, the necessity of the Old Testament moral law for a Christian nation and the biblical requirements for civil office. In the book, Rev. Schwertley not only sets forth the biblical case for social or national covenanting in a simple and organized manner but also critiques the modern pluralistic alternatives to the original Presbyterian teaching on this topic." -- Publisher
    It was preceded by 'Social Covenanting,' a series of 31 sermons in MP3 format, given by the author starting in the summer of 2012.
    Social Covenanting series of 31 sermons [audio files] by Brian Schwertley
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/search.asp?seriesOnly=true&currSection=sermonstopic&sourceid=ccc&keyword=National+Covenanting&keyworddesc=National+Covenanting

    Stevenson, David (b. 1942), The Covenanters: The National Covenant and Scotland, ISBN: 0854110429 9780854110421.

    Willis, Michael, Lectures on Church Establishments. Lecture 3., Specific Application of the Scripture Argument to the Doctrine of National Responsibility -- The Qualifications Necessary in Christian Rulers -- The Duty of National Covenanting.

    Worden, Blair, and Edward Vallance, Revolutionary England and the National Covenant: State Oaths, Protestantism and the Political Nation, 1553-1682, ISSN: 0013-8266.

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), Justice, the theology of judgment, god's final judgment, the great white throne judgment, the day of the lord, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Background, foundation, and history of the covenanted reformation of scotland, The covenanted reformation of scotland author/title listing, The national covenant, The solemn league and covenant, The covenanted reformation of scotland The covenanted reformation of scotland author/title listing, Biography of covenanters, Acts of faithful assemblies, Covenanting in america, The scottish covenanting struggle, alexander craighead, and the mecklenburg declaration, Toleration, liberty of conscience, pluralism, "religious freedom," and neutrality, Confession of national sin and covenant renewal, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, and so forth, and so on.



    The Solemn League and Covenant

    That we shall sincerely, really, and constantly, through the grace of GOD, endeavor, in our several places and callings, the preservation of the reformed religion in the Church of Scotland, in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government, against our common enemies; the reformation of religion in the kingdoms of England and Ireland, in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government, according to the Word of GOD, and the example of the best reformed Churches; and shall endeavour to bring the Churches of GOD in the three kingdoms to the nearest conjunction and uniformity in religion, Confession of Faith, Form of Church Government, Directory for Worship and Catechising; that we, and our posterity after us, may, as brethren, live in faith and love, and the Lord may delight to dwell in the midst of us. -- Solemn League and Covenant

    Anonymous, An Order That the Solemn League and Covenant be Read in Church on Every Fast Day, and That Every Congregation Have a Copy Printed in a Faire Letter, Hung up in the Church. The Covenant bears the signatures (244) of the House of Commons. Alternate title: WE SHALL ALSO ACCORDING TO OUR PLACES AND CALLINGS IN THIS COMMON CAUSE OF RELIGION, LIBERTY AND PEACE OF KINGDOMES, ASSIST AND DEFEND ALL THOSE THAT ENTER INTO LEAGUE AND COVENANT.

    Anonymous, Ministers of Perth and Fife, A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ to the Doctrine, Worship, Discipline and Government of the Kirk of Scotland and to the National Covenant of Scotland and to the Solemn League and Covenant of the Three Nations, England, Scotland and Ireland and to the Work of Uniformity in Religion and against the errors, heresies, blasphemies and diverse practices of the times, especially against the vast toleration now on foot in these nations / by sundry ministers of the Gospel in the provinces of Perth and Fife, Ephes. 6:14,15; 2 Tim. 1:7,8 [Ephesians 6:14,15; 2 Timothy 1:7,8], 1648. Alternate title: A TESTIMONY TO THE TRUETH OF JESUS CHRIST, AND TO OUR SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, 1660. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/anti_toleration/testimony_against_cromwells_toleration.html A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ and to our Solemn League and Covenant
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/a-testimony-to-the-truth-of-jesus-christ

    Baillie, Robert (1599-1662), A Review of the Seditious Pamphlet Lately Published [sic] in Holland by Dr. Bramhell, Pretended Bishop of London-derry, Entitled, His Faire Warning Against the Scots Discipline: in which his malicious and most lying reports, to the great scandall of that government, are fully and clearly refuted: as also the Solemne League and Covenant of the three nations justified and maintained, 1649. Alternate title: BAILLIE'S REVIEW OF BRAMHALL'S SEDITIOUS PAMPHLET . . . ALSO THE HOLY LEAGUE AND COVENANT OF THESE THREE NATIONS JUSTIFIED AND MAINTAINED. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Caryl, Joseph (1602-1673), The Nature, Solemnity, Grounds, Property, and Benefits of a Sacred Covenant: Together With the Duties of Those who Enter Into Such a Covenant: Delivered in a Sermon at Westminster at the Publique Convention, Ordered by the Honourable House of Commons, for the Taking of the Covenant, by all such, of all degrees as willingly presented themselves, upon Friday Oct. 6, 1643. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    A sermon on the Solemn League and Covenant, Nehemiah IX, 38. [Nehemiah 9:38]
    Caryl, Joseph Caryl on Covenanting
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/slc_caryl_westminster.html

    Dick, James, and the Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland). Synod. Publication Committee, The Descending Obligation of the British Covenants.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Whether it be Lawful, Just, and Expedient, That the Taking of the Solemn League and Covenant be Enjoined by the Parliament Upon all Persons in the Kingdom Under a Considerable Penalty. Available (by title and in THE WORKS OF GEORGE GILLESPIE, volume 2) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #19. Available (Chapter XVI. of "A Treatise of Miscellany Questions," pp. 85-88), in THE WORKS OF GEORGE GILLESPIE, volume 2.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/SL&CGil.htm

    Hog, James, A Letter, Wherein the Scriptural Grounds and Warrants for the Reformation of Churches by way of Covenant, are Succinctly Considered and Cleared. . . . by a Welwisher to a Covenanted Reformation.

    *Houston, Thomas (1803-1882), Unity and Uniformity in the Church, 1881. Reproduced in this form from The Original Covenanter 2:23. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "This item lays out the case for unity among churches, proving its assertions from: (1) throughout Scripture; (2) from our Lord's declaring His will both in precept and prayer; (3) from apostolic practise; and (4) from the Covenanted Reformation's 'Solemn League and Covenant' which lead to the production of the Westminster Standards. Houston notes that in the Apostolic church 'the government of the church was one and common wherever churches were planted. It was Presbyterian, and neither Prelatic, a system of monarchial despotism, nor Congregational, a system of popular democracy.' This biblical and Presbyterian uniformity was considered the apostolic, visible and doctrinal manifestation of the scriptural injunction to 'one Lord, one faith (and) one baptism.' Houston also points out that 'the only true and safe way of union is based on the platform of Scriptural uniformity; while that which is framed on allowing diversity in doctrine, and differences in government and worship, is a mere human contrivance, and its effect is to sanction and perpetuate divisions (which is to sanction schism under the false pretence of unity -- RB), and to mar the prospect of an ultimate happy union in the church of Christ.' Biblical union and uniformity is shown to be based on 'agreement in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government.' Moreover, the author contends that, 'this is to be constantly sought after by men united in mind and heart, pledged to God and to one another; it is to be externally manifested, and to be diligently labored for, that it may be generally and universally prevalent. It is never to be viewed as impracticable. This was the main design of the convocation of the Westminster Assembly.' The eschatological aspect of visible unity is also noticed, shedding valuable light on such postmillennial strongholds as, The watchmen on the walls of Zion shall see eye to eye, they shall lift up the voice together, and together shall they sing (Isaiah 52:8), and The Lord shall be King over all the earth; in that day there shall be one Lord, and His name one. (Zechariah 14:9). This book is full of faithful encouragement and is one of the best introductions to this topic we have seen." -- Publisher

    Lawson, James R., The Solemn League and Covenant: A Lecture Published by the Renwick Association in Connection With the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Saint John, N.B., 1868, ISBN: 0665255993 9780665255991.

    McWard (M'Ward), Robert (1633-1687), Case of the Accommodation Lately Proposed by the Bishop of Dumblane, to the Non-conforming Ministers Examined. Wherein also the antient Prostasia, Episcopus praeses, is considered; and the Solemn league and covenant occasionally vindicat. Together with a copy of the two letters . . . Also . . . an appendix. Available (THE WORKS OF ROBERT M'WARD) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (THE WORKS OF ROBERT M'WARD) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.

    Menteath, Mrs. A Stuart, Lays of the Kirk and Covenant, 1850, poetry. Available on THE HISTORY OF THE COVENANTERS, a CD-ROM of The Scotland Historic Society. ISBN: 1290208670 9781290208673.

    Mocket, Thomas (1602-1670), A View of the Solemn League and Covenant: For Reformation, Defence of Religion, the Honour and Happynesse of the King, and the Peace, Safety and Union of the Three Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, to be Taken by all Sorts, in all the Said Kingdoms: In which, the Covenant is analysed, opened, proved, and fully cleared from 24 objections and quæres made against it, by such as either out of conscience of malignitie, scruple at, with an appeal to conscience: the principall quæres and objections answered in this discourse, are set down in the next page after the analysis: also, moving incouragements to take the Covenant, and assist the Parliament.

    Nye, Philip (1596-1672), The Excellency and Lawfulnesse of the Solemne League and Covenant. Set forth in a speech, or exhortation made by Mr. Phillip Nye to the Honorable House of Commons and reverend assembly of ministers at their taking the said Solemne League and Covenant, 1643.

    *Nye, Philip (1596-1672), An Exhortation to the Taking of the Solemne League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion, the Honor and Happinesse of the King, and the Peace and Safety of the Three Kingdomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

    Price, Greg L., The Solemn League and Covenant by Greg Price (1 of 21), [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #9, #27.
    "Hetherington, concerning the Solemn League and Covenant (the epitome of Second Reformation attainments), writes, 'no man who is able to understand its nature, and to feel and appreciate its spirit and its aim, will deny it to be the wisest, the sublimest, and the most sacred document ever framed by uninspired men.' (The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, [1856] SWRB reprint 1993, p. 134). What took place during the days of the writing and international subscriptions to the Solemn League and Covenant has been cited before as a foretaste of the millennial glory to come. The Reformed Presbytery writes, 'These modern pigmies are too far dwarfed in intellectual stature to measure the altitude, of our glorious Covenanted Reformation -- a Reformation which, imbedded in the law and the covenant of God, has already brought civil and ecclesiastical freedom to many millions; and which is doubtless destined to be laid in the foundation of reconstructed society in the millennial period of the world.' (A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, [1879], p. 4). In this lecture Price gives a brief history of the three major causes leading up to the Solemn League and Covenant. These were: 1) the erroneous beliefs and practices associated with the so-called divine right of Kings; 2) the apostasy of Prelacy in doctrine (e.g. the Arminianism of Rome), worship (tolerating and introducing anti-regulativist Romish superstitions), and government (against the divine right of Presbyterianism) -- all three of these areas being a practical denial of sola Scriptura in that man ordained elements were idolatrously adopted over those clearly prescribed in Scripture; 3) the desire of the Reformers for a covenanted Presbyterian uniformity in church and state. Price shows how many of the national Protestant churches of the day (outside of the British Isles) were also looking into swearing this covenant (including the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Sweden), as a means to biblical unity and uniformity. In fact, this covenant was framed (primarily by Alexander Henderson) with the intention of uniting Protestants worldwide. As Price shows, this goal quickly unraveled with the coming to power of that Judas of the Covenant (Cromwell), his army and the Independents. The descending obligation of this covenant is also covered, and application is made to modern nations (like the USA, Canada, etc.), who are the national posterity of the original covenanters. Application is also made to the apostate modern church (and Price names names). It is also shown how this covenant was a term of communion in the church and how negative civil sanctions were to be applied to those who publicly opposed the Solemn League and Covenant -- students could not even enter college without proof of subscription. Price uses various historical citations from THE ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLIES OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND FROM THE YEAR 1638 TO THE YEAR 1649 INCLUSIVE (available from SWRB as a rare bound photocopy), to demonstrate these historical facts. Later defections from the Covenanted Reformation, such as those by Charles II and William's civilly and ecclesiastically corrupted Revolution settlement are also dealt with. The second half of the tape summarizes the six articles of the Solemn League and Covenant; concentrating on the biblical (civil, ecclesiastical and individual), responsibilities that were sworn in this covenant. Application is made to our day and the tape closes with some questions regarding American history and government and the Canadian constitution. The Solemn League and Covenant (because it was agreeable to the Word of God), formed the foundation of the Second Reformation internationally (as is seen in the letter received by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland on June 4, 1644, from the Scottish commissioners [Rutherford, Gillespie, et al.], at the Westminster Assembly; cf. The Acts . . . pp. 228,250). This covenant still binds the church and many nations today, and until these 'moral persons' renew this covenant (in spirit and in truth), the Lord will continue to prosecute the quarrel of His covenant. Thus, this is an exceedingly important tape as it explains one of the major, modern causes of God's wrath upon the nations and the church. When the churches and nations are granted repentance in (or preparing for), the millennium they will be found going forth by the footsteps of the flock (Song of Solomon 1:8), and not turned aside by the flock of thy companions (i.e. those that appear religious but are actually a hindrance to the work of the building of Christ's kingdom, Song of Solomon 1:7, cf. Douglas' Strictures on Occasional Hearing, [1820] SWRB reprint 1996); and there is no 'footstep of the flock' more clearly distinguished in the bedrock of history (since the second century), than the Solemn League and Covenant.
    The Solemn League and Covenant by Greg Price (1 of 21), [audio file]
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=22008130214
    The Solemn League and Covenant
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/crtsol.htm

    *Sundry Ministers of London, A Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ, And to our Solemn League and Covenant; As Also Against the Errours, Heresies and Blasphemies of These Times, and the Toleration of Them. Wherein is Inserted a Catalogue of Divers of the Said Errours &c. All of them being collected out of their authors own books alleadged in the margin, and laid down in their own words; except one that was maintained in a dispute in Oxford, December 11, 1646, and six or seven which were asserted before a Committee of the Honourable House of Commons in the Star-Chamber, and reported to the House, Sept. 12, 1643. Subscribed by the Ministers of Christ Within the Province of London, December 14 &c., 1647.
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/a-testimony-to-the-truth-of-jesus-christ
    Sundry Ministers of London, Testimony to the Truth of Jesus Christ and our Solemn League and Covenant
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/anti_toleration/testimony_truth.html

    Timorcus, Theophilus, Thomas Gataker (1574-1654), Richard Vines (1600?-1656), and Richard Baxter (1615-1691), The Covenanters Plea Against Absolvers: or, A Modest Discourse, shewing why those who in England and Scotland took the Solemn League and Covenant, cannot judge their consciences discharged from the obligation of it, by any thing heretofore said by the Oxford men; or lately by Dr. Featly, Dr. Gauden, or any others. In which also several cases relating to promissory oathes, and to the said Covenant in special, are spoken to, and determined by Scripture, reason, and the joynt suffrages of casuists. Contrary to the indigested notions of some late writers; yet much to the sense of the Reverend Dr. Sanderson. Written by Theophilus Timorcus a well-wisher to students in casuistical divinity, 1660.
    "Notes: Attributed to Richard Baxter, Thomas Gataker, and Richard Vines by John Brown in his "An apologeticall relation of the particular sufferings of the faithfull ministers and professours of the Church of Scotland, since August, 1660."

    Ward, Richard, The Analysis, Explication, and Application of the Sacred and Solemn League and Covenant for the Reformation and Defence of Religion, the honour and happinesse of the King, and the peace and safety of the three kingdomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Enjoyned by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament in England, and the states of Scotland to be taken by every man throughout all the three kingdomes: very usefull and profitable to be read, observed, and kept by all who take the said covenant.

    *Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), [completed and first printed in 1646, approved by the Assembly, August 27, 1647, Session 23 -- compiler] (Glasgow, Scotland: Free Presbyterian Publication [133 Woodlands Road, Glasgow G3 6LE], 1994), ISBN: 0902506080 (case-bound), and ISBN: 0902506358 (paperback). Among the ten greatest works in the English language. Available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available (THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) with all its subordinate documents in searchable format) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) With Scripture Proofs
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    The Confession of Faith, the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, With the Scripture Proofs at Large: Together With The sum of Saving Knowledge (contained in the Holy Scriptures, and held forth in the said Confession and Catechisms), and Practical use Thereof, Covenants National and Solemn League, Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, Directories, Form of Church-government, &c. of Public Authority in the Church of Scotland, With Acts of Assembly and Parliament, Relative to, and Approbative of the Same (1757) [the original version of 1646, prior to the changes of the "American Version" of 1789 -- compiler]
    http://archive.org/details/confessionofscot00chur
    " 'The product of Puritan conflict,' stated Shedd, reaching 'a perfection of statement never elsewhere achieved.' All that learning the most profound and extensive, intellect the most acute and searching, and piety the most sincere and earnest, could accomplish, was thus concentrated in the Westminster Assembly's Confession of Faith, which may be safely termed the most perfect statement of Systematic Theology ever framed by the Christian Church,' writes Hetherington. (The History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, p. 345).
    "Concerning The Shorter Catechism, which is one of the items also included in this book, Mitchell notes: 'it is a thoroughly Calvinistic and Puritan catechism, the ripest fruit of the Assembly's thought and experience, maturing and finally fixing the definitions of theological terms to which Puritanism for half a century had been leading up and gradually coming closer and closer to in its legion of catechisms.' (Westminster Assembly: Its History and Standards, p. 431).
    "THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is the greatest of all the creeds of the Christian church. The church of Christ cannot be creedless and live. Especially in an age of doubt and confusion, it is her duty to define and proclaim the one true faith. Nowhere has the Reformed church done this so effectively as in the WESTMINSTER CONFESSION, and family of documents. This book represents Reformed thinking at its purest and best. It was intended, as part of the Covenanted Reformation taking place during its compilation, to be adopted as the binding confessional standard for every individual, family, court, church, and legislature in the British Isles." -- Publisher
    This is considered to be the definitive publication of the Westminster family of documents. It includes the following:

    1. "To the Christian Reader, Especially Heads of Families"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p005-to_head_of_families.html
    2. "Mr. Thomas Manton's Epistle to the Reader"
      https://reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    3. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646), the full and original edition with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
    4. THE LARGER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM with Scripture proofs written out
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
    6. THE SUM OF SAVING KNOWLEDGE
      http://www.reformed.org/master/index.html?mainframe=/documents/sum/sum.html
    7. "The National Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p345-nat_covenant.html
    8. "The Solemn League and Covenant"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p355-solemn_league.html
    9. "A Solemn Acknowledgement of Publick Sins and Breaches of the Covenant; and a Solemn Engagement to all the Duties Contained Therein"
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/scotland_covenant_renewal_1648.html
    10. THE DIRECTORY FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p369-direct_pub_worship.html
    11. THE FORM OF PRESBYTERIAL CHURCH GOVERNMENT
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p395-form_presby_gov.html
    12. "The Directory for Family-Worship, Approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, for Piety and Uniformity in Secret and Private Worship, and Mutual Edification"
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html
    THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646) is said to be the finest summary of THE HOLY BIBLE available. It is recommended for daily devotions. See the following resources:
    1. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS AS A CREED
      http://www.fpcr.org/blue_banner_articles/signific.htm
    2. "The Complete Scripture Index to the Westminster Confession (1646), Larger and Shorter Catechisms." Alternate title: SCRIPTURE INDEX TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS. Available on Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications [and] Protestant Heritage Press CD. Also available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    3. Bordwine, James, A GUIDE TO THE WESTMINSTER STANDARDS: CONFESSION OF FAITH AND LARGER CATECHISM, ISBN: 0940931303 9780940931305.
      Includes a unique, 100-page topical index to both the CONFESSION and the LARGER CATECHISM.
    4. WESTMINSTER LARGER CATECHISM WITH PROOF TEXTS
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/wlc_w_proofs/index.html
    5. THE SHORTER CATECHISM WITH SCRIPTURE PROOFS
      Arguably the greatest tract ever created, all factors considered.
      http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html
      THE SHORTER CATECHISM
      Free downloadable PDF file.
      http://www.greenvillepresbyterian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/shorter-catechism.pdf
    6. Westminster Shorter Catechism Project
      "Click on any of the individual questions below to get the answer and Biblical references, as well as links to works by John Flavel, Thomas Watson, Thomas Boston, James Fisher, and John Whitecross, and others."
      http://www.shortercatechism.com/
    7. Commentaries on the Westminster Standards Including the Westminster Confession of Faith, The Larger Catechism, and The Shorter Catechism
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr3ch.html#cwswcsc
    8. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), (The Westminster Standards), and Related Works: A Study Guide
      http://www.lettermen2.com/suggest.html
    9. The Scottish Covenanted Reformation continued the work of The Westminster Assembly. David Steel (1803-1887), is considered to be one of the most faithful Covenanter ministers in America. Notice that the citation following is an authorized, complete edition of their final TESTIMONY.
      Reformed Presbytery in North America (Steelite), David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, FOR THE WHOLE OF THE COVENANTED REFORMATION, AS ATTAINED TO, AND ESTABLISHED IN, BRITAIN AND IRELAND; PARTICULARLY BETWIXT THE YEARS 1638 AND 1649, INCLUSIVE. AS, ALSO, AGAINST ALL THE STEPS OF DEFECTION FROM SAID REFORMATION, WHETHER IN FORMER OR LATER TIMES, SINCE THE OVERTHROW OF THAT GLORIOUS WORK, DOWN TO THIS PRESENT DAY (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876).
      This is a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761. It was the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840.
      https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
    10. Church and State
      Works listed here discuss the decline of the influence of Calvinism and the Covenanted Reformation in Great Britain and the United States. The various alterations to the Westminster Standards are also discussed.
      http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#churchstate
    11. Heresies Defined and the Necessity of Heresies Explained, by George Gillespie, Scottish Commissioner to the Assembly of Divines at Westminster
      http://www.truecovenanter.com/gillespie/ggilles09.html

    See also: Church and state, The application of scripture to the corporate bodies of church and state, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, and so forth, and so on.

    Related Weblinks

    Reformation Eschatology at Still Waters Revival Books
    http://www.swrb.com/Puritan/reformation-eschatology.htm



    The Directory for the Public Worship of God

    The Directory for the Public Worship of God
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_standards/index.html?mainframe=/documents/wcf_standards/p369-direct_pub_worship.html

    The Directory for the Public Worship of God
    http://www.covenanter.org/Westminster/directoryforpublicworship.htm



    The Form of Presbyterial Church Government

    Nye, Philip (1596-1672), Thomas Goodwin, and The Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), et al., The Reasons Presented by the Dissenting Brethren [T. Goodwin and others], Against Certain Propositions Concerning Presbyteriall Government; and the Proofs of Them Voted by the Assembly of Divines . . . Together With the Answer of the Assembly . . . to Those Reasons of Dissent, 1648. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.

    Reed, Kevin, Presbyterian Government in Extraordinary Times. Available in LIBRARY OF PRESBYTERIAN HERITAGE PUBLICATIONS AND PROTESTANT HERITAGE PRESS CD-ROM LIBRARY.
    Presbyterian Government in Extraordinary Times
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/PGET_ch0.htm

    *Westminster Assembly (1643-1652), The Form of Presbyterial Church Government, ISBN: 0665420390 9780665420399. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18. Available in THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646).
    The Form of Presbyterial Church Government
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/documents/the-form-of-presbyterial-church-government

    See also: The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), The westminster confession of faith, Church government, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), Bad relationships as a cause of disease and death, and so forth, and so on.



    The Directory for Family Worship

    Family reformation is the easiest and the most likely way to a common reformation; at least to send many souls to heaven and train up multitudes for God, if it reach not to national reformation. -- Richard Baxter (1615-1691)

    Family worship was also, to the Puritans, vitally important. Every home should be a church, with the head of the house as its minister. Daily and indeed twice daily, the Puritans recommended, the family as a family should hear the word read, and pray to God. Sunday by Sunday, the family should seek to pool the profiting of its members from the public ordinances; day by day, its members should seek to encourage each other in the way of God. Parents must teach their children the Scriptures; all members of the household must be given time and a place to pray. Thus, informally, but conscientiously, the worship and service of God in the home must be carried on. -- J.I. Packer

    *Alexander, James W. (1804-1859), Family Worship: A Biblical Duty, 1847. Alternate title: THOUGHTS ON FAMILY WORSHIP, ISBN: 1573580813 9781573580816. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #22.
    First printed in 1847 by the Presbyterian Board of Education.
    "No minister in our church was a more accomplished scholar. The pulpit was his appropriate sphere." -- Charles Hodge
    "It would be almost impossible to overemphasis the importance of daily family worship. It is a blessed privilege for those who have known it as children and/or adults. It is foundational to any lasting revival or reformation. It is a duty commanded by God in Scripture, and to neglect it is, without a doubt, sinful. The Westminster Divines made it clear, in their amazing Directory for Family Worship, that obstinacy in the sin of neglecting family worship should lead where there are faithful elders to the head of the offending house being 'suspended and debarred from the Lord's supper.' This book gives the nature, warrant, and history of family worship in easy to read large print." -- Publisher
    "The author's goal is 'extending the domestic worship of God's people and especially in arousing the children of the covenant to honor the God of their fathers.' To fulfill this purpose, Alexander traces family worship from Eden on through the Old and New Testaments and church history. The universal voice of the Church, in its best periods, has been in favor of family worship. . . .' He demonstrates that family worship is a means of intellectual improvement: 'True piety improves the understanding. . . .' " -- Robert H. Duvall

    *Henry, Matthew (1662-1714), A Church in the House: A Sermon Concerning Family Religion, 1704. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Family worship is presently one of the most powerful weapons in a Christian parents arsenal of truth. Read this Puritan sermon and see why! In time past, when the churches saw the family as 'little churches' within the church, elders saw to it that family worship was practiced daily and that offenders against this Godly order were censured. Daily family worship is a monumental blessing on the one hand and a serious sin of omission, when not practiced, on the other. Though Kevin Reed was speaking of public worship in the following quotation, the directive can easily be applied to family worship also. Reed notes, 'heads of households you husbands and fathers -- it is incumbent on you to lead your family in the narrow path which leads to life. Compromise in worship is a form of apostasy, which teaches children that we love family approval more than obedience to Christ . . . You have no right to set aside biblical principles of worship.' (John Knox the Forgotten Reformer, p. 99). Furthermore, Ptacek has written that, 'the role of the head of the family was given the highest possible status by Matthew Henry. In a 1704 sermon on family religion, Henry followed Cawdrey in arguing that the head of the family holds all of the offices of Christ with respect to his household: prophet, priest and king. Henry's design for family religion is based on the exercise of these three offices. As a prophet the head of the family teaches doctrine through the reading of Scripture and catechizing. The head's priestly office is expressed in praying for his family. His exercise of discipline reflects the office of king, both in encouraging godly behaviour and discouraging sinful practices. Although Matthew Henry was the best known Puritan preacher of his time, he asserted without fear of controversy that his view of the role of the head of the family was one in which all agree.' (Family Worship, pp. 52-53). For parents, and especially fathers, this may be one of the most important works you will ever read. When family worship is practiced faithfully (and the responsibility for this rests with the head of the house primarily, and the elders of the church secondarily -- through encouragement, help and discipline of the unfaithful), nations and generations to come will be greatly influenced to bow humbly before the Lord Jesus Christ and serve Him alone!" -- Publisher

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, The Book of Psalms for Singing, ISBN: 1884527108 9781884527104.
    Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America, The Book of Psalms for Singing: Tune Library (Pittsburgh, PA: Crown & Covenant Publications), a CD-ROM or MP3 files of audio files.
    See also: McBurney, Charles, Improving Our Praise: Four Studies in Congregational Singing Using the Book of Psalms for Singing, a video [DVD].

    *Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643-1652), The Directory for Family Worship, (1646). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
    "It doesn't get any better than this! These are the documents approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in her purest days. Reproduced in large print for easy reading. The DIRECTORY FOR FAMILY WORSHIP lays out the Biblical path to piety and uniformity in secret and private (family) worship, for godly edification. THE DIRECTORY FOR PUBLIC WORSHIP aimed at fulfilling the Reformation goals of covenanted uniformity in religion between the churches of Christ in the kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland. 'Behind its production lay extensive discussion of the proper application of the Puritan regulative principle reducing elements of acceptable worship to what is prescribed or necessarily deducible from Scripture alone. . . . It contains perhaps the finest brief description of expository preaching to be found in the English language.' (Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History, p. 864). During the days of the Second Reformation Gillespie notes that 'the parliament heath also, by their ordinance dated the 23d of August 1645, imposed the DIRECTORY OF WORSHIP under certain mulcts and penalties to be inflicted upon such as do not observe it, or preach or write against it.' ('Miscellany Questions' in Gillespie's Works, p. 87). Oh, for the days of comprehensive, full-orbed, God honoring Reformation like that again! An indispensable document for those who are Presbyterian's. However, it can also be very helpful to all those who seek to worship the LORD in spirit and in truth, regardless of denominational affiliation. These two fine historic documents have yet to be equaled in terms of the intent and purpose for which they were originally produced." -- Publisher
    The Directory for Family-Worship, Approved by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, for Piety and Uniformity in Secret and Private Worship, and Mutual Edification (1646)
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/7/14/the-directory-for-family-worship-approved-by-the-general-assembly-of-the-church-of-scotland-for-piety-and-uniformity-in-secret-and-private-worship-and-mutual-edification
    Westminster Shorter Catechism With Proof Texts
    http://www.reformed.org/documents/WSC_frames.html

    *Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643-1652), and other Puritans (Gouge, Gataker, et al.), The Westminster Annotations and Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1657, 6 volumes. Alternate title: ANNOTATIONS UPON ALL THE BOOKS OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: THIS THIRD, ABOVE THE FIRST AND SECOND, EDITION SO ENLARGED, AS THEY MAKE AN ENTIRE COMMENTARY ON THE SACRED SCRIPTURES: THE LIKE NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED IN ENGLISH. WHEREIN THE TEXT IS EXPLAINED, DOUBTS RESOLVED, SCRIPTURE PARALLEL'D, AND VARIOUS READINGS OBSERVED; BY THE LABOUR OF CERTAIN LEARNED DIVINES THEREUNTO APPOINTED, AND THEREIN EMPLOYED, AS IS EXPRESSED IN THE PREFACE, 1657. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "The preface (found in the first volume), recounts not only a short history of the English Bible, but sets forth the great advantage to true Religion which accrues (contrary to the mysticism of the Anabaptists and the anti-intellectualism of the modern backsliding church), when faithful notes are 'bound in' with the Scripture text -- this bringing forth nothing different than the effect generated (through God's grace), by faithful preaching, faithful commentaries, faithful creeds, faithful covenants, faithful confessions, etc. Pointing out that this blessing from God was never more obvious than in the case of the Geneva Bible and its marginal notes (and that the people knew it to be so when they were left with Bibles without annotations honoring to God), the preface further states, 'hence were divers of the Stationers and Printers of London induced (by the people -- RB), to petition the committee of the Honourable House of Commons, for license to print the Geneva notes upon the Bible, or that some notes might be fitted to the new translation: which was accordingly granted, with an order for review and correction of those of the Geneva edition, by leaving out such of them as there was cause to dislike, by clearing those that were doubtful, and by supplying such as were defective. For which purpose letters were directed to some of us from the Chair of the Committee for Religion (in 1648 -- RB), and personal invitations to others, to undertake and divide the task among us, and so cometh in our part, whereof we shall give the world a true and just account in that which followeth.' The detailed account which follows in the preface is fascinating, mentioning, among many other things, the divines' 'use of . . . the Dutch Bibles . . . set forth at . . . Holland, by order of the States'. . .

    The diligence given, the energy expended, the obvious humility, and the fearful trembling before God's Word which is evident in these commentators makes this truly a classic Puritan work -- a work of great value! Just knowing, as Barker points out, that this commentary was prepared mostly by Westminster divines, by order of Parliament, at the time of the Assembly. (Puritan Profiles, p. 37),
    "certainly bodes well for the level of scholarship it contains. Moreover, with Gouge, one of the most respected English Covenanters at the Assembly playing a major role, the thoughtful student of Scripture and history ought to take note: for a theological feast of mature Puritan thought surely awaits those that sup at this table. Esteemed, by the mid-1640's, 'as the father of the London Ministers,' Gouge was elected as Assessor for the Westminster Assembly on Nov. 25, 1647. His detractors sometimes called him an 'arch Puritan.' (cf. Ibid., p. 35). Dr. Gouge's 'share of the useful work consisted of Kings, and the subsequent books down to Esther, inclusive.' (Smith, Select Memoirs of English and Scottish Divines, p. 534). Most of the others chosen to this work had similar credentials, though not all exhibit equal proficiency and some later backslid from attainments reached at this point. Nevertheless, when the commentators were first chosen, these Annotations were produced by some of the most qualified English Puritans -- as a historical high water mark for Puritan scholarship was beginning to crest. Furthermore, in prosecuting this work the divines note, 'therefore we have put ourselves to much more pains (for many months), in consulting with many more authors, in several languages, than at first we thought of, that (for the propriety of the original text, for pertinent and profitable variety of versions, for consonancy of parallel Scriptures, and for perspicuity in clearing of the darkest places), we might bring in such observations, as might not only serve to edify the ordinary reader, but might likewise gratify our brethren of the ministry, at least such among them, as have not the means to purchase, or leisure to pursue, so many books, as (by order of the Committee), we were furnished with all, for the finishing of the work, committed to our hands' (Preface). As the work wore on, however, it became apparent that the original intention (of printing these annotations as marginal notes in the Bible), would no longer fit the scope and length of commentary that had been produced. Thus, the notes were not added to the Scriptures directly, but rather published as a separate commentary (which we are offering here), -- except that we have divided the work into six volumes rather than the original two, because of logistics." -- Publisher

    See also: The westminster confession of faith (westminster standards) and related works, the westminster assembly, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, Family worship, and so forth, and so on.



    The Question of the One and the Many

    See the Theological Notes: "The Image of God," at Genesis 1:27 in The Reformation Study Bible.
    So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. (Genesis 1:27)

    See the Theological Notes: "One and Three: The Trinity," at Isaiah 44:6 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    To fulfil the word of God; Even the mystery which hath been hid from ages and from generations, but now is made manifest to his saints: To whom God would make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles; which is Christ in you, the hope of glory: Whom we preach, warning every man, and teaching every man in all wisdom; that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus. (Colossians 1:25b-28)

    For ages philosophy has debated the question of which is most important, the ONE or the MANY.
    The answer is found in the doctrine of the Trinity. The individual, the family, the church, and the state are all of equal importance, just as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are co-equal.
    Therefore, pietistic Christianity is in error by withdrawing from the affairs of State.

    And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 12:25)

    The State, considered in its corporate character, is A MORAL PERSON, with a moral standing and responsibility. It is not the creation of the so-called social compact or of the popular will, but a divine institution based on natural religion. It coheres by a moral and religious bond; and its rulers are the lieutenants of God. If the State is a moral person, capable of performing duty, of committing sin, and suffering punishment, which every one must own who traces the fate of nations according to the divine word, it follows that a nation, acting by its rulers, can accept Christianity and make a public profession of it as the national rule and guide. It had been held together previous to the recognition of Christianity by some form of religion however impure, without which it could not have existed. And the first duty of the civil ruler when brought in contact with Christianity and persuaded of its divine origin is to RECEIVE THE BIBLE AS A REVELATION in a national way. The immediate effect of this is that it constitutes the State a Christian State, and pledges it to purge out its previous religion in the same way as Pagan and Mahommedan nations constituted themselves, according to their false religions, or as the atheistic state was constituted, or rather attempted to be constituted, by the French Convention. A nation must have a religion, and the only question is, which it will adopt. And when Christianity comes to the nation, or to the family, it does not frown on either of these institutions, which also are divine in origin, but enters into them with an elevating purifying power, and sweetly coalesces with all that is purely human in both. These ordinances of God now became vessels by which Christianity is diffused. The national recognition of the Bible as a revelation subjecting the nation to its authority, though a great step gained, does not exhaust the nation's duty, as widely diverging views prevail upon the right interpretation of the Bible. The State must by the necessity of the case ADOPT A CREED which will commonly be prepared by the Church. The same duty that devolves upon an individual Christian confronts a Christian State, and it naturally appends the civil sanction to the Church's creed. It must distinguish between scripture truth and its perversion. The State, by the adoption of a creed, gives utterance to the self-consciousness of a Christian community. It confesses the Christianity it has adopted. . . . The nation, acting by its rulers, must needs adopt a creed, and so distinguish between truth and error in the confession which it makes. It must be Trinitarian or Unitarian, Protestant or Popish, Calvinistic or Arminian, by the necessity of the position. These diverging lines of profession cannot be ignored. More than that; the responsible rulers must proclaim a Christian constitution and adopt a legislation all through the nation's history upon the principles of revelation. A Christian State is competent to make the same confession of its faith that an individual makes. -- George Smeaton, The Scottish Theory of Ecclesiastical Establishments, pp. 4-6

    The four "Servant Songs" of Isaiah are Isaiah 42:1-9; Isaiah 49:1-7; Isaiah 50:4-11; and Isaiah 52:13 -- Isaiah 53:12. See the annotations in The Reformation Study Bible.

    Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (John 14:6)

    Our Triune God has ordained that the preeminent leader of the Church is the Lord Jesus Christ, the God Man, Our Righteousness. (John 1:1-18; Matthew 19:30; Matthew 28:18-20; Isaiah 49:7; Colossians 1:16-19; Colossians 2:9,10; Hebrews 12:1,2; Revelation 5:1-14; Revelation 19:11-15; Revelation 20:11-15; Revelation 22:12, and so forth, and so on). Human leadership is also divinely ordained and tends to devolve to those who are most perfectly at one with Christ, and to those who also know the most Truth (the Apostle Paul, Saint Augustine, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Puritan leaders, The Scots Worthies, and so forth, and so on).
    And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 19:28). See: (Matthew 19:28, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Then his master said unto him, It is well done good servant and faithful, Thou hast been faithful in little, I will make thee ruler over much: enter into thy master's joy. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 25:21) (Matthew 25:21 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 25:34). See: (Matthew 25:34, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And he said unto him, Well, good servant: because thou hast been faithful in a very little thing, take thou authority over ten cities. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Luke 19:17) (Luke 19:17, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Therefore I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Luke 22:29) (Luke 22:29, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together. (Romans 8:17). See: (Romans 8:17, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life? (1 Corinthians 6:3). See: (1 Corinthians 6:3, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus. (Ephesians 2:6). See: (Ephesians 2:6, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and corrections among the people:
    To bind their kings in chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron,
    That they may execute upon them the judgment that is written: this honor shall be to all his Saints. Praise ye the Lord.
    (Psalm 149:7-9) (Psalm 149:7-9, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. (1 Timothy 2:12), (1 Timothy 2:12, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Revelation 2:26). See: (Revelation 2:26, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    To serve God is to reign. -- Seneca (4 BC -- 65 AD)

    The Christ is the only One truly called. . . . The flesh has always struggled against Him, as we see when we survey the history of God's people. The struggle was especially acute at Golgotha. -- S.G. De Graaf in Promise and Deliverance

    So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. (Romans 14:12)
    http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/romans-14-12.html
    http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/romans/14.html

    It is a poor and pitiful kind of knowledge, to know many loose parcels, and broken members of truth, without knowing the whole, or the place and the relations which they have to the rest. To know letters and not syllables, or syllables and not words, or words and not sentences, or sentences and not the scope of the discourse, are all but an unprofitable knowledge. -- Richard Baxter (1615-1691), A Christian Directory, p. 269 (Soli Deo Gloria Publications reprint)

    Against the totalitarianism of the pagan world empires, Christ taught the limitation of state power and the separation of church and state: Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's (Matthew 22:21). Neither Caesar nor any other mere man was pontifex maximus. Christ himself was the way, the truth, and the life, the only mediator between God and man (John 14:6; 1 Timothy 2:5). He explicitly denied the political theory and practice of the pagans: You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those who are great exercise dominion over them. Yet it shall not be so among you; but whoever desires to become great among you, let him be your servant. (Matthew 20:25-26). Christ demanded that rulers -- both civil and ecclesiastical -- serve, not control, the people. He outlined a limited role for civil government, not as the shaper of souls, as in pagan philosophies, but simply as the punisher of criminals. He founded a church whose government was representative and republican, whose officers were elected by the people, and whose constitution -- the Bible -- was written. Inspired by his words, the American Founders made their plans for a new Republic, a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.(13)
    The early Christians, condemned by pagans such as Celsus and Porphyry(14) as stupid, foolish, and superstitious, were not killed for their stupidity, but because they rejected the highest value of pagan society: worship of the totalitarian state in the person of the Emperor. The Christians rejected Aristotle ('The state is the highest of all. Citizens belong to the state'), and believed Christ. Christ, in dying for the salvation of individual men, exalted both the individual and God. God is eternal and men are immortal; nations and rulers come and go with surprising rapidity, but individual souls live forever. Rome is not an eternal city; only individual men enjoy everlasting life.
    Christ taught that man was a creature of God and the lord of creation. Man's ancestry was not animal, but divine, and the Earth was made for man. Individual men were immortal; what they believed and did on Earth would have eternal consequences. After death, they did not descend into some shadowland, but each was required to give an account of his life to his maker and judge. All men were equal before God and his law, and each man would be judged individually. The classes of ancient society -- the nobles, the proletariat, the slaves, the citizens, the men, the women, the Jews, the barbarians -- meant nothing to God. In the new Christian faith, There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:8)
    Christ's kingdom grows only by persuasion, never by coercion(15) -- it is a republic of knowledge, truth, and doctrine, not an empire of dominion, compulsion, or violence -- and it has taken centuries for some Christian ideas to be understood and believed. Nevertheless, as the anguished wailing of Friedrich Nietzsche in the nineteenth century so clearly indicates, the absorption of Christian ideas has been widespread, though far from complete. -- John W. Robbins in Christ and Civilization

    A religious doctrine involves practical consequences so important, and its effects upon individual and social life are so infallible and so profound, that it can never be contemplated with indifference by the mass of society, and much less by their rulers. We pray you to observe, amongst other things, that the stronger the feeling of dependence to which religion reduces the individual, the more she invests him, on the other hand, with a lofty independence. All religion is freedom. By introducing us into the service of one master, she emancipates us from the dominion of all others. If she does not altogether do away with dependencies of another order, she transforms them from absolute into relative ones. We still belong to society, we are perhaps linked to it by closer ties than before; but it is in a mediate manner, for man cannot serve two masters. It is this independence which exasperates the rulers of this world, and indeed, for the most part, all those who do not share in it. It is this sacred retreat of liberty which they would invade -- this freedom, of which they would deprive us; as if the numerous sacrifices which from time to time liberty has made for the common weal were insufficient, as if it were not enough, or rather as if it were nothing, for us to have devoted all our bodily powers and all our worldly goods to the service of society, so long as this offering is not completed by the sacrifice of the soul. It is spiritual domination, dominion over the soul, of which despotism, whether of princes or of the people, is especially desirous. Thus, when a tyrant has bereft a nation of all its liberties, until throughout the realm his will has become law, his ambition having nothing else wherewith to satiate its appetite, directs itself against religion. Thenceforward, having subjugated the bodies of men, he directs his attacks against their souls. It is because he cannot but be sensible that dominion over souls -- what do you say? -- over one single soul, is as much superior to that over bodies, as the soul itself is superior to its envelope of clay. He cannot endure the humiliation of knowing that there is a sphere in which the most obscure man, by the force of sympathy alone, wields a greater power than his own. A deep-rooted and bitter feeling of envy takes possession of him; he can enjoy no more repose, until moral force shall have yielded to the pressure of physical force -- until the second Mordecai shall have bowed down to this second Haman -- until the soul, by dethroning itself, shall have delivered him from this odious rivalry. And should he encounter in this enterprise an unlooked-for resistance, his impatience becomes fury, and he destroys those whom he cannot subdue. This has been the origin of many religious persecutions, and it discloses the secret motives of those atrocities by which some have been distinguished.
    It does not follow, however, that all the evils with which the world has been inundated in the name of religion, are to be referred to this cause alone. They have originated in that preeminently just idea, that religion gives the true signification of every man, and of the whole of society; that there is nothing more deeply seated in us, nothing which more decisively determines what we are; and that to declare what we believe, is at the same time, and as a matter of necessity, to declare what we wish to be. The influence of a lordly spirit apart, it is not astonishing that the social power has everywhere, more or less, attempted to regulate the faith of the citizens and the instructions of the priesthood. Nor is it surprising that the priesthood, in aid of the state, have themselves attempted to dictate in a matter of this importance. For the suppression of this evil, the assistance of ages has been necessary, and this has not proved sufficient; the veto of public opinion has been also needed. Perhaps in certain countries something further has been required -- the progress of religious indifference. But nowhere is the fire extinguished, because nowhere is man changed; he will never witness unmoved, the energetic manifestation of religious principle; he may be indulgent to philosophical religions, or to religious philosophy, which penetrates not to the very sources of will and of action; but he will be, with his own full knowledge and consent, severe upon genuine faith. And why? because man possessing genuine faith, rises to his highest elevation; an elevation to which it is necessary that others should rise also, not indeed to rule over him (for this is impossible), but to treat with him, and to be at peace together. This is the true position and individuality of each renewed man, and everything is put in requisition to annul, subdue, and modify it.
    We dwell no longer upon these different attempts, but return to the principle. We find that in the judgment of the community, the religious conviction of a man moulds his character, estimates his worth, and foretells his life. It is the invisible source of many efforts, and often of much violence. Well, then, we infer [sic] unhesitatingly, that the faith of a member of society cannot remain either a mystery or a matter of doubt to those who surround him. If, as we have sought to establish a former part of this work, the spiritual unity of society, its reality in the elevated sense of that word, depends on the mutual interchange of sentiments; and if that individual only can be said to belong to the community, with whose character she is acquainted, it must be especially in the sphere of religious convictions that this truth is apparent; we may even go further, and say, that although we might keep our sentiments on other subjects to ourselves, those that we entertain respecting religion could not be concealed. For our religious convictions imbue us so thoroughly and practically, that society knows not what she possesses in us, except as she knows what we are with respect to God.
    This fact is more conspicuous, we admit, with reference to the Christian religion than to any other. In comparison with it, all other systems of faith are superficial; and we may remark in passing, that this is the reason why Christianity has drawn upon itself, and even excited among its followers, more intolerance than any other religion. The experimental character of its doctrines, coming in contact with the diverse passions of the human heart, has enkindled in the midst of society an active and devouring flame; and its profession has occasioned a host of outrages and calamities. Christianity is radical in the highest degree; radical in morals. It uproots one life, it implants another. Of all religions, it alone is in direct hostility with human nature in its fallen condition, as it is also the only religion which coincides with that same nature in all that sin has not polluted; at once the most human, and the least human of all systems; appearing to grant us everything, and to refuse us everything, but, in reality, granting everything to humanity, and refusing everything to sin. No religion consequently so effectually reforms the moral being; in such a manner, that the complexion of our life and conduct depends on whether we are or are not Christians, and upon what sort of Christians we are.
    We should find it impracticable to attempt to distinguish between the doctrines of Christianity and its morals; between what is called its natural and universal morality, and its peculiar and arbitrary doctrines. Christian doctrine is morality -- Christian morality; to wish to distinguish between the two is to desire to divide a stream from its source. Christian doctrine is no sooner received than it regulates the conduct; the character of God becomes a model for man; what God is, man ought to be; and inasmuch as God in the Scriptures is invested with attributes which belong not to human nature, so also man, by means of the Gospel, is invested with a character which nature had not impressed upon him; it makes him a new man in every sense of the term: a man peculiar and extraordinary in the eyes of nature, but in every case a man, who, by the judgment of that very nature, is approved and esteemed. To declare our opinion upon Christian doctrine avails much; it is in fact to profess certain principle of conduct, and to attach ourselves to one or another system of morality; it is to reveal our inward man, to publish the operations of conscience; it is to give the standard of our judgments, and the rule of our actions.
    We do well to avow it: whenever we revert to the considerations which most forcibly recommend a duty, we revert to the greatest difficulties in the way of its accomplishment; indeed, in most cases, to point out the motive, is to recognize the difficulty. In the present case, for example, nothing can render candour more difficult than that which enforces its obligation. It is just because such a religious doctrine, of necessity involves such a principle of morality, and such a rule of conduct; it is precisely because it is a disclosure of inward man, that so many persons are averse to declare to what doctrine they adhere. And it is sometimes because their opinion condemns them, sometimes because it elevates them, not so much in itself as in the characteristics and practical consequences with which public opinion has invested it. It is painful to excite repugnance or aversion, and it is sometimes still more painful to excite expectations which we feel but too conscious we cannot fulfill. If it were not so, why should we make a secret of our religious opinions, when we are at no pains to conceal any other? Why, when we are open and unreserved upon all the rest, should we not allow free expression to our thoughts upon this, the noblest of subjects? Why should communications of this nature be so generally regarded as the acme of candour and the pledge of intimacy? Why is there no real union, no true communion of soul, until both parties have expressed what they think, and above all, what they feel upon invisible and infinite subjects? Why do beings long united by the closest ties of affection, as soon as spiritual communion is formed between them, discover with surprise, that up to that period they had really never known, understood, or loved each other? -- that, as Montaigne expresses it, there was wanting to their friendship 'a certain inexplicable, yet essential power, the mediatrix of that union;' or that (as is really the fact), 'God is the true medium of true friendship?' All such instance go to confirm the truth of what we have said. A great effect supposes a powerful force -- a powerful force is employed only against a formidable resistance, and a formidable resistance has no place but in opposition to an urgent necessity. Here the necessity is a moral one -- it is a duty; an evident, and urgent, but a painful duty; for the consequences, even limiting them to their narrowest range, and considering none but those which are developed in the bosom of private relations, these consequences are, it must be confessed, of a startling character.
    Nevertheless, if regarded only in the light of morality and natural reason, this candour, which appears so difficult and dangerous, would be found to possess real advantages, whilst reserve would have none but what are false and deceptive. Candour would break the ice which dissimulation thickens and consolidates from day to day; it would procure a more lasting peace; it would put the seal to confidence and friendship. You dread a storm: any storm would be preferable to the dead calm in which you live, -- a calm without peace and without security; for since no one can suppose that you are altogether destitute of religious prepossessions, that you have not some inward conviction to disclose, it will become a matter either of dread or of desire that you should disclose it. This very feeling of anxiety will be an evil in your social relations; if your connexions are desirous of it, when you are averse to making it, their importunity will disturb your peace; on the contrary, if they are averse to its manifestation, when you yourself desire it, they will avoid your company; there will of necessity be in your social relations something painful, constrained, and, in the end, insupportable. If they neither desire nor fear it, it must be because they are not acquainted with your character, and have no desire to become so, because they are not solicitous about your most important interests -- in other words, because they do not love you. And as between a mind occupied with spiritual things and one that is not, there is a wide gulf fixed, as true intimacy between two persons so different is altogether impossible, it is the duty of the more serious of the two, to sound the mind of his friend by disclosing his own, to provide a declaration by declaring himself. Every connexion founded upon a voluntary and designedly prolonged misunderstanding, every factitious union between minds pursuing directly opposite courses, is contrary to human dignity. . . . -- Alexander Vinet (1797-1847), and Charles Theodore Jones (translator), An Essay on the Profession of Personal Religious Conviction, pp. 73-81, and Vinet on Freedom

    How sobering that it took the sudden devastation of September 11, 2001 to remind this nation and the world that we are all one, that the "many" are of equal importance to the "one."

    *Bickersteth, Edward, The Trinity: The Classic Study of Biblical Trinitarianism, ISBN: 0825423945 9780825423949. A Christian classic.
    "A must for gaining a grasp of the doctrine of the Trinity." -- Jay P. Green, Sr. (1918-2008)
    Bickersteth, The Trinity by E.H. Bickersteth
    http://archive.org/details/TheTrinityByEHBickersteth

    Bovard, James, Freedom in Chains: The Rise of the State and the Demise of the Citizen, ISBN: 0312229674 9780312229672.
    "Bovard (LOST RIGHTS), throws more red meat to angry libertarians in this anti-government jeremiad. While he provides some frightening examples of how governments -- mostly the U.S. federal -- do more harm than good, his passion leads him to some hyperbolic conclusions. There are many passages that will make readers -- not only welfare-state liberals but also moderate Democrats and Republicans -- wonder whether they live in the same country as Bovard. One of his biggest targets is the notion of state sovereignty: 'The doctrine of "sovereignty" often does nothing more than provide a respectable gloss for some people's lust to control other people's behaviors, or to seize the fruits of other people's labor.' That last clause is telling, for it could just as well be turned against Bovard. It is precisely to stop nongovernmental entities (e.g., factory owners), from seizing the fruit of other people's labor (e.g., factory workers), that so many of the regulations and laws Bovard decries (e.g., a minimum wage or corporate taxes), were instituted. But Bovard is well-read and makes entertaining use of Rousseau, Hegel, Hobbes (he's very fond of Leviathan), and other thinkers. He's also consistent and intellectually honest enough to follow his own ideology to its logical conclusion about, for instance, marijuana (legalize it, he says). Few readers will agree with Bovard that the dominant spirit in America today is one that idolizes the state, but most will find that he makes a rousing theoretical case against statism." -- Publishers Weekly

    *Brown, John (of Wamphray, 1610-1679), Corporate Sanctification: Holding Fast the Attainments of Reformation. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1. Available in OBSERVATIONS ON THE PUBLIC COVENANTS BETWIXT GOD AND THE CHURCH: A DISCOURSE.
    "An overview of the Covenanter doctrine of reformation attainments by one of the great Covenanter theologians. Helpful in dispelling false charges of Anabaptism and perfectionism laid at the feet of faithful Covenanters by schismatics. John Brown was one of Samuel Rutherford's best students." -- Publisher
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/attain.htm

    *Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

    Ellul, Jacques (1912-1994), Anarchy and Christianity, 1991, ISBN: 0802804950 9780802804952.

    Fuller, Andrew (1754-1815), Importance of Union of Public and Private Interests in the Service of God. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ANDREW FULLER (1:469-74).

    *Hartmann, Thom, Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights, ISBN: 1579546277 9781579546274.
    "This extraordinary book combines meticulous historical and legal research with a clear and compelling writing style to demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt the incompatibility of corporate personhood with democracy, the market economy, and the well-being of society. Complete with a practical program for essential reform to restore the rights of real persons -- including model legislation -- it is essential reading and an invaluable reference work for every citizen who cares about democracy, justice, and the human future." -- David C. Korten, author of When Corporations Rule the World
    "Beneath the success and rise of American enterprise is an untold history that is antithetical to every value Americans hold dear. This is a seminal work, a godsend really, a clear message to every citizen about the need to reform our country, laws, and companies." -- Paul Hawken, author of Natural Capitalism and The Ecology of Commerce
    "Unequal taxes, unequal accountability for crime, unequal influence, unequal privacy, and unequal access to natural resources and our commons -- these inequalities and more are the effects of corporations winning the rights of persons while simultaneously being given the legal protections to avoid the responsibilities that come with these rights. Hartmann tells the intriguing story of how it got this way -- from the colonists' rebellion against the commercial interests of the British elite to the distorted application of the 14th Amendment -- and how to get back to a government of, by, and for the people.
    "Over the past two centuries, those playing the corporate game at the very highest levels seem to have won a victory for themselves -- a victory that is turning bitter in the mouths of many of the six billion humans on planet Earth. It's even turning bitter in unexpected ways for those who won it, as they find their own lives and families touched by an increasingly toxic environment, fragile and top-heavy economy, and hollow culture -- all traceable back to the frenetic systems of big business that resulted from the doctrine that corporations are persons."
    "Hartmann combines a remarkable piece of historical research with a brilliant literary style to tell the grand story of corporate corruption and its consequences for society with the force and readability of a great novel. I intended to take a first quick glance and then couldn't put it down." -- David C. Korten, author of When Corporations Rule the World
    "UNEQUAL PROTECTION should be in the hands of every thinking American. If we do not awaken soon, democracy will be replaced by a new 'Third Reich' of corporate tyranny. To be aware of the danger is the responsibility of each of us. No one has told us the truth better than Thom Hartmann. Read it!" -- Gerry Spence, author of Give Me Liberty
    "Essential reading for anyone concerned about the future of democracy, both here and abroad. With devastating precision and well-reasoned passion, Thom Hartmann shows the reader precisely how the corporate entity gained such a perilously dominant role in the life of a nation whose founders meant for its politics to respond to the concerns of people and communities, not return-seeking corporations." -- Jeff Gates, president, Shared Capitalism Institute, author, Democracy at Risk
    Thom Hartmann's, Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights. A Review by Richard W. Behan
    "UNEQUAL PROTECTION may prove to be the most significant book in the history of corporate personhood, a doctrine which dates to 1886. For 116 years, corporate personhood has been scrutinized and criticized, but never seriously threatened. Now Thom Hartmann has discovered a fatal legal flaw in its origin: corporate personhood is doomed."
    http://www.main.nc.us/pace/18_corporate/

    *Knox, John (1505-1572), Appellation From the Sentence Pronounced by the Bishops and Clergy: Addressed to the Nobility and Estates of Scotland. Alternate title: THE APPELLATION OF JOHN KNOX FROM THE CRUELL . . . SENTENCE PRONOUNCED AGAINST HIM BY THE FALSE BISHOPPES AND CLERGEY OF SCOTLAND, WITH HIS SUPPLICATION AND EXHORTATION TO THE NOBILITIE, ESTATES, AND COMMUNALTIE OF THE SAME REALME, and THE APPELLATION . . . TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, and REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM: AN APPEAL TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, and THE APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND, and THE APPELLATION. Cover title: REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM: APPEAL TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY (1558). Available (singly as REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM, in which key text have been underlined by a previous reader), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1 (MP3), #26. Available (APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND), on the Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press CD-ROM Library. Available (APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND), in THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX, Vol. 4. [John Knox; David Laing ((collector and editor)), THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX, Vol. 4, reprint of the 1855 edition printed for Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh (New York: AMS Press, 1966)].
    "David Chilton notes, 'Of all the sixteenth-century Reformers, John Knox remains the most ardently loved and fiercely hated. No other leader of his day saw so clearly the political issues in the light of Scripture. Nor has any of his contemporaries had so much direct influence upon the subsequent history of the world. He transformed a land of barbarians into one of the most hard-headly Calvinistic cultures ever to exist, and his doctrines lie at the core of all Protestant revolutionary activity. While he is often considered merely one of Calvin's lieutenants, he was actually a Reformer in his own right. In some respects he was the greatest of them all.' ("John Knox," in The Journal of Christian Reconstruction: Symposium on Puritanism and Law [Vallecito, CA: Chalcedon], Vol. V, No. 2, Winter, 1978-79, p. 194).
    "Furthermore, R.L. Greaves has noted that 'it has even been suggested -- and not altogether without merit -- that Knox was a key link in the development of political ideology that culminated in the American Revolution.' (Theology and Revolution in the Scottish Reformation: Studies in the Thought of John Knox [Grand Rapids, MI: Christian University Press, 1980], p. 156).
    "Moreover, Mason [Roger A. Mason -- compiler], states that this APPEAL [APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND -- compiler], 'is the most important . . . of Knox's political writings.' (in the Introduction to his compilation of Knox's political writings entitled KNOX: ON REBELLION). [see annotation for KNOX: ON REBELLION elsewhere in this bibliography -- compiler]. It shows in a conclusive manner that Knox wanted a Theonomic Establishment which was careful to 'disapprove, detest, oppose and remove all false worship and all monuments of idolatry' (cf. Westminster Larger Catechism, #108). It also clearly demonstrates that Knox believed in and promoted the continuing binding validity of the Old Testament case laws and the penal sanctions attached to them, including the death penalty.
    "Kevin Reed, in a editor's note, introducing this piece in his newly published SELECTED WRITING OF JOHN KNOX [available on the Puritan Hard Drive. -- compiler], also points out that 'the Westminster Confession provides a distinct echo of Knox, when it states that the magistrate ""hath authority, and it is his duty, to take order, that unity and peace be preserved in the church, that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, all corruptions and abuses in worship and discipline prevented or reformed, and all the ordinances of God duly settled, administered, and observed"" (Ch. 23:3, original wording). One secular historian once described Knox as 'Calvin with a sword,' making one wonder if he had not just been reading this very book. For 'where Calvin merely permitted disobedience to an ungodly ruler or immoral law, Knox championed armed rebellion -- a type of Calvinism that made religious revolution in Scotland possible.' (Christian History, Issue 46, p. 35). This is the best of the best; don't miss it!" -- Publisher
    Knox, John, Appellation From the Sentence Pronounced by the Bishops and Clergy: Addressed to the Nobility and Estates of Scotland
    This is a character scan (OCR) of the modernized text published by Protestant Heritage Press. While text may be cut and pasted it is subject to copyright.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/appellat.htm
    The Works of John Knox (1846), Vol. 4.
    http://archive.org/stream/worksjohnknox07laingoog#page/n4/mode/2up
    Reformation, Revolution and Romanism (1558), John Knox, MP3 file.
    "This has been called John Knox's most important political writing. It also deals with Romanism, God's law, and much more.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?currSection=sermonssource&sermonID=1030075041
    See also:
    Goodman, Christopher (1520-1603), How Superior Powers ought to be Obeyed of Their Subjects: And Wherein They may Lawfully by God's Word be Disobeyed and Resisted, 1558. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #26. Available (HOW SUPERIOR POWERS OUGHT TO BE OBEYED), on the Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press CD-ROM Library.
    "From 1555 to 1558, Christopher Goodman served as co-pastor, with John Knox, of the congregation of English exiles in Geneva. During the course of his ministry, Goodman preached upon Acts 4:19 and 5:29: 'Whether it be right in the sight of God, to obey you rather than God, judge ye. We ought rather to obey God than men'. . . . In this book, Goodman contends against both ecclesiastical and political tyranny." -- Publisher
    How Superior Powers Ought to be Obeyed of Their Subjects
    http://www.constitution.org/cmt/goodman/obeyed.htm
    See also annotation for:
    Knox, John (1505-1572), The History of the Reformation of Religion Within the Realm of Scotland. . . . Together With the Life of the Author, and Several Curious Pieces Wrote by him, . . . By the Reverend Mr. John Knox, . . . To Which is Added, I. An Admonition to England and Scotland . . . BY Antoni Gilby. II. The First and Second Books of Discipline, Glasgow, 1761. Alternate title: THE HISTORIE OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND CONTAINING FIVE BOOKS: TOGETHER WITH SOME TREATISES CONDUCING TO THE HISTORY. EDITED, WITH A LIFE OF KNOX AND A PREFACE, BY DAVID BUCHANAN. INCLUDES: "THE APPELLATION OF JOHN KNOX, FROM THE . . . SENTENCE PRONOUNCED AGAINST HIM (pp. 1-33); "THE ADMONITION OF JOHN KNOX TO HIS BELOVED BRETHREN THE COMMONALTY OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 34-42); "A FAITHFULL ADMONITION MADE BY JOHN KNOX TO THE TRUE PROFESSORS OF THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST WITHIN THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND, 1554" (pp. 43-79); "THE COPIE OF A LETTER DELIVERED TO QUEEN MARY, REGENT OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 80-97); AND "A SERMON PREACHED BY JOHN KNOX [AUGUST 19, 1565]," ISBN: 0851513581 9780851513584. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.

    *Mason, Archibald (d. 1831), Observations on the Public Covenants Betwixt God and the Church: A Discourse (1799). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    Contents: Observations on the public covenants betwixt God and the church / Archibald Mason -- Paleopresbyterianism vs. neopresbyterianism / Michael Wagner -- Permanence of covenant obligation -- The preface and bibliography to the rare bound photocopy: obligation of social covenanting -- The binding nature of national covenants with God -- The Solemn League and Covenant -- Guide for studying the Westminster Confession, in suggested order of reading -- Terms of ministerial and Christian communion in the Reformed Presbyterian Church -- Corporate sanctification: holding fast the attainments of Reformation / John Brown -- What is a moral person? How God views the church and the nations / David Scott, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton -- A hind let loose / Alexander Shields -- Of separation from corrupt churches -- Old landmarks -- confession and testimony.
    What is a Moral Person? How God Views the Church and the Nations, David Scott, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/moral.htm
    Observations on the Public Covenants, Betwixt God and the Church, -- Archibald Mason (d. 1831)
    http://archive.org/details/spiritualillumin00maso

    *Owen, John (1616-1683), The Glory of the Trinity. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF JOHN OWEN.
    "Owen is called the 'greatest of the Puritans,' and this volume is one of the reasons why. The glories of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit shine in all their radiance."
    Owen, John (1616-1683), A Brief Declaration and Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity: as Also, of the Person and Satisfaction of Christ. . . . By the Rev. John Owen, D.D., 1798. Alternate title: COMMUNION WITH GOD.

    R.P. (anonymous), Joseph Caryl (1602-1673), and Thomas Manton (1620-1677), The Sole and Soveraign (sic) way of England's Being Saved Humbly Proposed by R.P., 1671.

    *Robinson, Ralph (1614-1655), Simeon Ashe, Edmund Calamy, William Taylor (contributor), Christ all and in all, or, Several Significant Similitudes by which the Lord Jesus Christ is described in the Holy Scriptures being the substance of many sermons, ISBN: 1877611492. A Christian classic.
    "Each chapter examines a Scripture metaphor which reveals Christ to be all that the Christian needs. This great preacher (1614-1655), calls us back to rational thinking as he proclaims the sufficiency of Christ. Excellent sermonic material for preachers." -- GCB

    *Rushdoony, R.J. (1916-2001), The Nature of the American System. Available through Exodus Books.
    "Originally published in 1965, these essays were a continuation of the author's previous work, THIS INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC, and examine the interpretations and concepts which have attempted to remake and rewrite America's past and present. 'The writing of history then, because man is neither autonomous, objective or ultimately creative, is always in terms of a framework, a philosophical and ultimately religious framework in the mind of the historian.' To the orthodox Christian, the shabby incarnations of the reigning historiographies are both absurd and offensive. They are idols, and he is forbidden to bow down to them and must indeed wage war against them." -- Publisher

    *Rushdoony, Rousas J. (1916-2001), The One and the Many: Studies in the Philosophy of Order and Ultimacy. Available through Exodus Books.
    "The author deals with an age-old problem: the question of the one and the many and their relationship. As you might guess, the way one answers (or avoids), this question will affect views of justice, government, taxes, welfare, war, property, and freedom in general." -- GCB
    See also: The Question of the One and the Many
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#onemany

    *Rushdoony, Rousas J. (1916-2001), Salvation and Godly Rule, ISBN: 999144789X. Available through Exodus Books.
    "The Christian is commissioned to bring all things into captivity to Christ. Godly rule in our personal, family, social, vocation, political, and economic life is a consequence of salvation. Includes 72 short chapters, over 500 pages." -- GCB

    *Rushdoony, R.J. (1916-2001), This Independent Republic: Studies in the Nature and Meaning of American History. Available through Exodus Books.
    "First published in 1964 and out of print for many years, this series of essays gives important insight into American history by one who could trace American development in terms of the Christian ideas which gave it direction.
    "These essays will greatly alter your understanding of, and appreciation for, American history. Topics discussed include: The legal issues behind the War of Independence; Sovereignty as a theological tenet foreign to colonial political thought and the Constitution; The desire for land as a consequence of the belief in 'inheriting the land' as a future blessing, not an immediate economic asset; Federalism's localism as an inheritance of feudalism; The local control of property as a guarantee of liberty; Why federal elections were long considered of less importance than local politics; How early American ideas attributed to democratic thought were based on religious ideals of communion and community; and The absurdity of a mathematical concept of equality being applied to people. With index." -- Publisher

    *Scott, David, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton, What is a Moral Person? How God Views the Church and the Nations. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in OBSERVATIONS ON THE PUBLIC COVENANTS BETWIXT GOD AND THE CHURCH: A DISCOURSE.
    "A clear and concise summary of the biblical doctrine of the moral person (i.e. that God regards churches and nations as moral entities separate from the individual members of which they are composed). No Christian can afford not to understand this vital teaching! In many ways this is a crux of the Covenanter position, underlying as it does the issues of separation from backslidden or anti-Christian civil and church governments, the binding nature of lawful Covenants on posterity, eschatology, etc." -- Publisher
    What is a Moral Person? How God Views the Church and the Nations, David Scott, John Cunningham, and George Smeaton
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/moral.htm

    Vincent, Thomas (1634-1678), Godlinesse in Principle and Conversation a Necessary Preparative to the Worlds Dissolution and the Escaping of Future Burnings / by Thomas Vincent, 1670.

    *Zacharias, Ravi (1946-2020), The Uniqueness of Christ in World Religions (part 1 of 2)
    This is a very sensitive presentation of major differences between Islam and Christianity.
    The address also applies to a wide array of other issues such as "duality" (the Western position), logic, the law of non-contradiction, "either/or," absolutism verses relativism, etc. -- and "non-duality" (the Eastern position), "both/and," the Hegelian dialectic (the synthesis of opposites into a "higher truth"), situational ethics, values clarification, political compromise, democracy, "have your cake and eat it too," and so forth, and so on.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJHUOmOpd4U
    The Uniqueness of Christ in World Religions (part 2 of 2)
    "The reality of human nature is best portrayed in the teaching of Christ."
    Christianity alone explains the questions of unity in diversity, the one and the many, The Trinity, and spiritual oneness.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYCdlk67lWY

    See also: The sovereignty of god, The doctrine of man (human nature, total depravity), Covetousness, greed, and selfishness, Theft, fraud, stealing: property rights and freedom, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justification, Justifying faith, The inspiration and infallibility of scripture (the doctrine of revelation, the doctrine of plenary inspiration, the doctrine of divine inspiration, the doctrine of verbal inspiration, theopneustia, sufficiency of scripture), The ten commandments: the moral law, Trusting god, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), Idolatry, syncretism, Sexual wholeness, Rebellion and lawlessness: wickedness, demonic possession, substance abuse, abnormal behavior, insanity, mental illness, mental retardation, Repentance the key to salvation and change, Justice, the theology of judgment, god's final judgment, the great white throne judgment, the day of the lord, The sovereign grace of god: his everlasting mercy and lovingkindness, Justifying faith, Forgiveness, Sanctification, The covenant faithfulness of god, The all-sufficiency of christ, Lordship of jesus christ, Christ's kingdom, Church and state, Covenant theology and the ordinance of covenanting, The covenanted reformation, The covenanted reformation of scotland background and history, Covenanted reformation short title listing, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, The one and the many, Corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Individual responsibility for corporate faithfulness and sanctification, Unfaithful reformed ministries, Secret societies, ungodly alliances, voluntary associations, Conspiracy, corruption, organized crime, Pseudo-christian movements: a selection of works, Politics, Conscience, casuistry, cases of conscience, Friendly facsism, State sovereignty and corporate immunity: reform of corporations, Selection of covenant heads for positions of leadership, The application of scripture to the corporate bodies of church and state, Reformation eschatology, Sexual relationship, Spiritual adultery (spiritual whoredom/harlotry), and so forth, and so on.
    TCRB5: 2527, 3694

    Related Weblinks

    Reformation Eschatology at Still Waters Revival Books
    http://www.swrb.com/Puritan/reformation-eschatology.htm



    Church and State

    Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD; and the people whom he hath chosen for his own inheritance. (Psalm 33:12)

    Joshua is here subordinated to the priest on one point, viz., to inquire of him by the Urim and Thummim: for, as we have seen before, the dignity of the priesthood was exalted by this symbol, that the prince should consult God by the mouth of the priest, who, being clothed in the sacred Ephod, the emblems of which were the Urim and Thummim, gave replies as the interpreter of God Himself. This passage, then, shows that the rule of Joshua was not profane; as in all legitimate dominion religion ought surely to hold the first place; for, since all things depend upon God, it is absurd that they should be separated from His service.
    Mishphat, that is, judgment, is here used for a rule, or prescribed course of action, as if he were commanded to seek the Law from the oracles of God, which the priest was to receive and deliver from him, and that in perplexing matters he was to follow nothing else.
    Moses adds, in conclusion, that he did what God had enjoined, so that all might be fully assured that God would rule, no less than before, in the person of Joshua. -- John Calvin commenting on Numbers 27:21 in the context of vs. 15-23 [Numbers 15-23]

    He now subjoins the punishment of such as should creep in under the name of a prophet to draw away the people into rebellion. . . . those who are the authors of apostasy, and so who pluck up religion by the roots. . . . no pardon could be granted to such impious contempt, since God had abundantly proved the glory of His Godhead by the miracle of their redemption, and had manifested His will in the Law. . . .
    Thus, whilst their severity is preposterous who defend superstitions with the sword, so also in a well constituted polity, profane men are by no means to be tolerated, by whom religion is subverted. . . .
    What insolence is this! As to their denial that the truth of God stands in need of such support, it is very true; but what is the meaning of this madness, in imposing a law upon God, that He should not make use of the obedience of magistrates in this respect? And what avails it to question about the necessity of this, since so it pleases God? God might, indeed, do without the assistance of the sword in defending religion; but such is not His will. And what wonder if God should command magistrates to be the avengers of His glory, when He neither wills nor suffers that thefts, fornications, and drunkenness should be exempt from punishment. . . . Finally, the magistracy, if its own authority be assailed, shall take severe vengeance upon that contempt; and shall it suffer the profanation of God's holy name to be unavenged? What can be more monstrous! But it is superfluous to contend by argument, when God has once pronounced what is His will, for we must needs abide by His inviolable decree. . . .
    Nor was it causelessly that Paul, when he enjoins prayers to be made for kings and other worldly rulers, added the reason that under them we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. (1 Timothy 2:2.) Christ, indeed as He is meek, would also, I confess, have us to be imitators of His gentleness, but that does not prevent pious magistrates from providing for the tranquillity and safety of the Church by their defense of godliness; since to neglect this part of their duty, would be the greatest perfidy and cruelty. And assuredly nothing can be more base than, when we see wretched souls drawn away to eternal destruction by reason of the impunity conceded to impious, wicked, and perverse impostors, to count the salvation of those souls for nothing. . . ." -- John Calvin commenting on Deuteronomy 13:5 and context

    And kings shall be thy nursing fathers. (Isaiah 49:23) After having spoken of the obedience of the Gentiles, he shews that this relates not to the common people only, but to 'kings' also. He compares 'kings' to hired men who bring up the children of others, and 'queens' to 'nurses, who give out their labour for hire. Why so? Because 'kings' and 'queens' shall supply everything that is necessary for nourishing the offspring of the Church. Having formerly driven out Christ from their dominions, they shall henceforth acknowledge him to be the supreme King, and shall render to him all honour, obedience, and worship. This took place when the Lord revealed himself to the whole world by the Gospel; for mighty kings and princes not only submitted to the yoke of Christ, but likewise contributed their riches to raise up and maintain the Church of Christ, so as to be her guardians and defenders.
    "Hence it ought to be observed that something remarkable is here demanded from princes, besides an ordinary profession of faith; for the Lord has bestowed on them authority and power to defend the Church and to promote the glory of God. This is indeed the duty of all; but kings, in proportion as their power is greater, ought to devote themselves to it more earnestly, and to labour in it more diligently. And this is the reason why David expressly addresses and exhorts them to be wise, and serve the Lord, and kiss his Son. (Psalm 2:10-12) -- John Calvin commenting on Isaiah 14:23

    This shews how mad are the dreams of those who assert that kings cannot be Christians without laying aside that office; for those things were accomplished under Christ, when kings, who had been converted to God by the preaching of the Gospel, obtained this highest pinnacle of rank, which surpasses dominion and principality of every sort, to be 'nursing-fathers' and guardians of the Church. The Papists have no other idea of kings being 'nursing-fathers' of the Church than that they have left to their priests and monks very large revenues, rich possessions and prebends, on which they might fatten, like hogs in a sty. But that 'nursing' aims at an object quite different from filling up those insatiable gulls. Nothing is said here about enriching the houses of those who, under false pretenses, hold themselves out to be ministers of the Church, (which was nothing else than to corrupt the Church of God and to destroy it by deadly poison), but about removing superstitions and putting an end to all wicked idolatry, about advancing the kingdom of Christ and maintaining purity of doctrine, about purging scandals and cleansing from the filth that corrupts piety and impairs the lustre of the Divine majesty.
    Undoubtedly, while kings bestow careful attention on these things, they at the same time supply the pastors and ministers of the Word with all that is necessary for food and maintenance, provide for the poor and guard the Church against the disgrace of pauperism; erect schools, and appoint salaries for the teachers and board for the students; build poor-houses and hospitals, and make every other arrangement that belongs to the protection and defence of the Church. But those unnecessary and extravagant expenses for Anniversaries and Masses, for golden vessels and costly robes, which swell the pride and insolence of Papists, serve only to uphold pomp and ambition, and corrupt the pure and simple 'nursing' of the Church, and even choke and extinguish the seed of God, by which alone the Church lives. When we see that matters are now very different, and that 'kings' are not the 'nursing-fathers,' but the executioners of the Church; when, in consequence of taking away the doctrine of piety and banishing its true ministers, idle bellies, insatiable whirlpools, and messengers of Satan, are fattened, (for such are the persons to whom the princes cheerfully distribute their wealth, that is, the moisture and blood which they have sucked out of the people;) when even princes otherwise godly have less strength and firmness for defending the Word and upholding the Church; let us acknowledge that this is the reward due to our sins, and let us confess that we do not deserve to have good 'nursing-fathers.' But yet, after this frightfully ruinous condition, we ought to hope for a restoration of the Church, and such a conversion of kings that they shall shew themselves to be 'nursing-fathers' and protectors of believers, and shall bravely defend the doctrine of the Word. -- John Calvin commenting on Isaiah 14:23

    They have set up kings, but not by me: they have made princes, and I knew it not: of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. (Hosea 8:4)

    We ought to obey God rather than men. (Acts 5:29b)

    Rulers are ministers to God to the people for good; they are revengers to execute upon him that doeth evil (Romans 13:4). They are to be a terror not to good works but to the evil (Romans 13:3). Their Laws are to be conformable to the laws of God. . . . Human laws, therefore, in order to be obeyed, must accord with the laws of God: for where they differ, God is to be obeyed rather than man (Acts 5:29). . . . How can an infidel, who fears not God nor believes His Word nor regards His law, be a minister of God for good? Would not such a man, if made a ruler, in all probability be a terror to good works and not to the evil? . . . Let us resolutely resolve that we will spare no exertions to elect such rulers as God shall approve. This, believe me, is the only course of relief and safety to our afflicted country. Under the rulers of no other character has any Christian nation ever flourished for any length of time. Under rulers of a different stamp, nations have always degenerated and been finally brought to desolation and ruin. . . . -- Jedidiah Morse, A Sermon, Delivered at Charlestown, July 23, 1812, the Day Appointed by the Governor and Council of Massachusetts, to be Observed in Fasting and Prayer Throughout the Commonwealth; in Consequence of a Declaration of War With Great Britain

    The following leading principles are worth remembering . . .
    1. Every Government is responsible to God, and no Government can expect to prosper without God's blessing. Every Government therefore is bound to do all that lies in its power to obtain God's favor and blessing. The Government that does not strive to promote true religion, has no right to expect God's blessing.
    2. Every good Government should endeavor to promote truth, charity, temperance, honesty, diligence, industry, chastity among its subjects. True religion is the only root from which these things can grow. The Government that does not labour to promote true religion cannot be called either wise or good.
    3. To tell us that a Government must leave religion alone, because it cannot promote it without favoring one Church more than another, is simply absurd. It is equivalent to saying that, as we cannot do good to everybody, we are to sit still and do no good at all.
    4. To tell us that no Government can find out what true religion is, and that consequently a Government should regard all religions with equal indifference, is an argument only fit for an infidel. In England at any rate a belief that the Bible is true is a part of the Constitution; an insult to the Bible is a punishable offense, and the testimony of an avowed atheist goes for nothing in a court of law.
    5. It is undoubtedly true that Christ's kingdom is a kingdom independent of the rulers of this world, and one which they can neither begin, increase, nor overthrow. But it is utterly false that the rulers of this world have nothing to do with Christ's kingdom, may safely leave religion entirely alone, and may govern their subjects as if they were beasts and had no souls at all. -- J.C. Ryle, Five Points on Government

    For we are unto God a sweet savour of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: To the one we are the savour of death unto death; and to the other the savour of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things? (2 Corinthians 2:15,16)
    It is a challenge to be tactful with the godless, especially when they usurp government. (James 4:4; Acts 26:18) Men with the courage to stand up to evil in public office will always be needed.

    In the history of the church-state relationship, two major errors have developed: Papalism and Erastianism. The former teaches that the church (i.e., the Pope), is to rule both church and state. The latter maintains that both institutions are under the headship of the civil magistrate. Calvin disavows both. "Biblical Christianity, says the Reformer, teaches that these two are separate God-ordained institutions, while at the same time they are both under his law (i.e., there is a separation in function, but not in authority). In Romans 13:1-7, we read that civil rulers are God's ministers. Thus, it is incumbent upon civil magistrates to adopt the principles of civil law, i.e., The Ten Commandments and the general equity of the Mosaic judicials, as found in Scripture. Likewise, the church is to be governed by Scriptural ecclesiastical law. The church wields only the sword of the Spirit in dealing with sin, whereas the state wields the sword of iron in accordance with Scripture, in dealing with crime. The state is not to administer the Word of God or the sacraments. It has no authority over the keys of the Kingdom. And the church is not to enter into the affairs of the civil government, other than for advice and counsel (Institutes IV:11:3; 20:1-13; Commentary on Romans 13:1-7). -- W. Gary Crampton in What Calvin Says

    If any instruction can be drawn from these and similar portions of sacred writ, it is this; that the constituted authorities are bound to treat with friendly attention the Church of God. An indifference like that of Gallio ["Proconsul . . . of Achaea in A.D. 51-52 or 52-53 in residence at Corinth, ((Acts 18:12-17))" -- compiler] can never be justified, in national more than in family government. Infidelity alone, with unblushing face, can recommend to the head of a family, and utter disregard of its moral and religious state. Those who but in a slight degree regard religion are not more solicitous for the literary, than the moral and religious character of the seminary where their sons shall receive an education. Is the moral and religious character of a nation less important than that of a common school? Or are religion and civil order so inconsistent with each other, that those who superintend the latter, must not, in their official character, cast their eye toward the sacred temple where Jesus reveals himself! Enlightened reason and the Bible of God forbid such conclusions. The church is the vehicle of Divine communication with the world. She deserves and ought to enjoy the providence of nations as such." -- Gilbert McMaster in (1778-1854), The Duty of the Nations

    The ratification of these covenants by the state, on some of the covenanting occasions, no doubt inferred a civil security of the religion therein espoused, even as the ratification of the Confession of Faith, and other subordinate standards, inferred a civil security to the Protestant religion therein exhibited. But as the latter makes not the Protestant religion a mere state religion; neither did the former render the covenants merely state covenants. In the national, the covenanters expressly declare, that therein they join themselves to the true Protestant church, as lively members of the same in Christ their Head. Times without number, they represent their engagements as covenants with God, which necessarily infers their reckoning them religious, not state covenants, which cannot be made with God, without supposing a renovation of the Jewish Theocracy, in which God sustained the character of principal magistrate. In 1596, and 1638, the most noted occasions of covenanting, they were not so much as influenced by the smallest injunction from the state. In 1643 and 1648 the other two most remarkable seasons thereof, the ecclesiastical authority had the lead, and the civil did little else than add its sanction to what appointments the church had made. And in every period, ministers, not statesmen, were the ordinary administrators of these oaths. -- John Brown (of Haddington, 1722-1787)

    A truth not generally known is that the ancient Biblical covenant was the taproot from which America, its constitution, its law, and its liberty grew. That ancient Biblical covenant was the solemn agreement, an everlasting mutual agreement between God and man and between man and God. God promised man great blessings, freedom and prosperity, providing man kept the conditions of the covenant -- conditions defined by God's law. -- Charles Hull Wolfe

    To [James] Thornwell, the real issue is not the relation between states and the church, but the relation between states and Christ. Although Thornwell opposed the establishment of a single denomination over another, he clearly supported a Christian government: "The state realizes its religious character through the religious character of its subjects; and a state is and ought to be Christian, because all its subjects are and ought to be determined by the principles of the gospel." [Thornwell, "National Sins," p. 517]. To this point, states must acknowledge Jesus Christ. Thornwell insisted that it is not enough for a state "to acknowledge in general terms the supremacy of God; it must also acknowledge in general terms the supremacy of His Son." Jesus "is the ruler of the nations, the King of kings, and the Lord of lords." [Thornwell, "Relation of the State to Christ," p. 554]. Thornwell argued that "religion of the state is embodied in its constitution," and that it is legitimate for the state to have a religion (i.e., Christianity). Neutrality is impossible. . . . Further, the state must mold its institutions in conformance with Christian principles.
    Although Thornwell sought less protection of the church than did the Covenanters, their beliefs regarding this topic are not inconsistent. They both held the state accountable as a moral agent to recognize Christ as king and to protect Christianity. Thornwell, like Christ, focused his attack on the false church, not the errant state, for Christ's zeal is for the house of the Lord. Exclusively attacking the externals of civil society was not the way of our Lord when on this earth; however, his silence is not an endorsement.
    Thornwell contended that the gospel is the only solution for the state. Therefore, Christians should avoid conflicts that distract from the primary object of Christianity. The power of the gospel is the only force that can change the inner man and eventually transform the outer world. These changes can only take place in the context of the church, and reformation must begin with God's people. -- Edwin Nisbet Moore from the conclusion to Our Covenant Heritage: The Covenanters' Struggle for Unity in Truth, p. 351

    The Relation of the State to Christ, James Henley Thornwell
    "The Constitution of the United States was an attempt to realize the notion of popular freedom, without the checks of aristocracy and a throne, and without the alliance of a national church. The conception was a noble one, but the execution was not commensurate with the design. The fundamental error of our fathers was, that they accepted a partial for a complete statement of the truth. They saw clearly the human side -- that popular governments are the offspring of popular will; and that rulers, as the servants and not the masters of their subjects, are properly responsible to them. They failed to apprehend the Divine side -- that all just government is the ordinance of God, and that magistrates are His ministers who must answer to Him for the execution of their trust. The consequence of this failure, and of exclusive attention to a single aspect of the case, was to invest the people with a species of supremacy as insulting to God as it was injurious to them. They became a law unto themselves; there was nothing beyond them to check or control their caprices or their pleasure. All were accountable to them; they were accountable to none. This was certainly to make the people a God; and if it was not explicitly expressed that they could do no wrong, it was certainly implied that there was no tribunal to take cognizance of their acts. A foundation was thus laid for the worst of all possible forms of government -- a democratic absolutism, which, in the execution of its purposes, does not scruple to annul the most solemn compacts and to cancel the most sacred obligations. The will of majorities must become the supreme law, if the voice of the people is to be regarded as the voice of God; if they are, in fact, the only God whom rulers are bound to obey. It is enough, therefore, to look upon government as simply the institute of man. Important as this aspect of the subject unquestionably is, yet if we stop there, we shall sow the seeds of disaster and failure. We must contemplate people and rulers as alike subject to the authority of God. His will is the true supreme; and it is under Him, and as the means of expressing His sovereign pleasure, that conventions are called, constitutions are framed and governments erected. To the extent that the State is a moral person, it must needs be under moral obligation, and moral obligation without reference to a superior will is a flat contradiction in terms. If, then, the State is an ordinance of God, it should acknowledge the fact. If it exists under the conditions of a law superior to all human decrees, and to which all human decrees behoove to be conformed, that law should be distinctly recognized. Let us guard, in this new Confederacy, against the fatal delusion that our government is a mere expression of human will. It is, indeed, an expression of will, but of will regulated and measured by those eternal principles of right which stamp it at the same time as the creature and institute of God. And of all governments in the world, a confederate government, resting as it does upon plighted faith, can least afford to dispense with the Supreme Guardian of treaties.
    "Your honourable body has already, to some extent, rectified the error of the old Constitution, but not so distinctly and clearly as the Christian people of these States desire to see done. We venture respectfully to suggest, that it is not enough for a State which enjoys the light of Divine revelation to acknowledge in general terms the supremacy of God; it must also acknowledge the supremacy of His Son, whom He hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also He made the worlds. To Jesus Christ all power in heaven and earth is committed. To Him every knee shall bow, and every tongue confess. He is the Ruler of the nations, the King of kings, and Lord of lords.
    "Should it be said that the subjection of governments to Jesus Christ is not a relation manifested by reason, and therefore not obligatory on the State, the answer is obvious -- that duties spring not from the manner in which the relation is made known, but from the truth of the relation itself. If the fact is so, that Jesus Christ is our Lord, and we know the fact, no matter how we come to know it, we are bound to acknowledge it, and act upon it. A father is entitled to the reverence of his son, a master to the obedience of his servant, and a king to the allegiance of his subjects, no matter how the relation between them is ascertained. Now, that Jesus Christ is the supreme Ruler of the nations, we know with infallible certainty, if we accept the Scriptures as the Word of God.
    "But it may be asked -- and this is the core of all the perplexity which attends the subject -- Has the State any right to accept the Scriptures as the Word of God? The answer requires a distinction, and that distinction seems to us to obviate all difficulty. If by 'accepting the Scriptures' it is meant that the State has a right to prescribe them as a rule of faith and practice to its subjects, the answer must be in the negative. The State is lord of no man's conscience. As long as he preserves the peace, and is not injurious to the public welfare, no human power has a right to control his opinion or to restrain his acts. In these matters he is responsible to none but God. He may be Atheist, Deist, infidel, Turk or Pagan: it is no concern of the State, so long as he walks orderly. Its protecting shield must be over him, as over every other citizen. We utterly abhor the doctrine that the civil magistrate has any jurisdiction in the domain of religion, in its relations to the conscience or conduct of others, and we cordially approve the clause in our Confederate Constitution which guarantees the amplest liberty on this subject.
    "But if by 'accepting the Scriptures' it is meant that the State may itself believe them to be true, and regulate its own conduct and legislation in conformity with their teachings, the answer must be in the affirmative. As a moral person, it has a conscience as really and truly as every individual citizen. To say that its conscience is only the aggregate of individual consciences, is to say that it is made up of conflicting and even contradictory elements. The State condemns many things which many of its subjects approve, and enjoins many things which many of its subjects condemn. There are those who are opposed to the rights of property and the institution of marriage, yet the public conscience sanctions and protects them both. What, then, is this public conscience? It is clearly the sum of those convictions of right, that sense of the honourable, just and true, which legislators feel themselves bound to obey in the structure of governments and the enactment of laws. It is a reflection of the law of God; and when that law is enunciated with authoritative clearness, as it is in the Scriptures, it becomes only the more solemnly imperative. And as the eternal rule of justice, the State should acknowledge it. Considered in its organic capacity as a person, it no more violates the rights of others in submitting itself to the revealed will of God, than a Christian, when he worships the supreme Jehovah, violates the rights of an Atheist or idolater. What the State does itself, and what it enjoins upon others to do, are very different things. It has an organic life apart from the aggregate life of the individuals who comprise it; and in that organic life, it is under the authority of Jesus Christ and the restraints of His holy Word.
    "That, in recognizing this doctrine, the State runs no risk of trespassing upon the rights of conscience is obvious from another point of view. The will of God, as revealed in the Scriptures, is not a positive constitution for the State; in that relation it stands only to the Church. It is rather a negative check upon its power. It does not prescribe the things to be done, but only forbids the things to be avoided. It only conditions and restrains the discretion of rulers within the bounds of the Divine law. It is, in other words, a limitation, and not a definition, of power. The formula according to which the Scriptures are accepted by the State is: Nothing shall be done which they forbid. The formula according to which they are accepted by the Church is: Nothing shall be done but what they enjoin. They are here the positive measure of power. Surely the government of no Christian people can scruple to accept the negative limitations of the Divine Word. Surely, our rulers do not desire that they shall have the liberty of being wiser than God.
    "The amendment which we desire, we crave your honourable body to take note, does not confine the administration of the State exclusively to the hands of Christian men. A Jew might be our Chief Magistrate, provided he would come under the obligation to do nothing in the office inconsistent with the Christian religion. He would not be required to say that he himself believes it, nor would he assume the slightest obligation to propagate or enforce it. All that he would do would be to acknowledge it as the religion of the State, and to bind himself that he will sanction no legislation that sets aside its authority. The religion of the State is one thing; the religion of the individuals who may happen to be at the head of affairs is quite another. The religion of the State is embodied in its constitution, as the concrete form of its organic life.
    "Your honourable body will perceive that the contemplated measure has no reference to a union or alliance betwixt the Church and State. To any such scheme the Presbyterians, and, we think we can safely venture to say, the entire Christian people of these States, are utterly opposed. The State, as such cannot be a member, much less, therefore, can it exercise the function of settling the creed and the government, of a Church. The provinces of the two are entirely distinct: they differ in their origin, their nature, their ends, their prerogatives, their powers and their sanctions. They cannot be mixed or confounded without injury to both. But the separation of Church and State is a very different thing from the separation of religion and the State. Here is where our fathers erred. In their anxiety to guard against the evils of a religious establishment, and to preserve the provinces of Church and State separate and distinct, they virtually expelled Jehovah from the government of the country, and left the State an irresponsible corporation, or responsible only to the immediate corporators. They made it a moral person, and yet not accountable to the Source of all law. It is this anomaly which we desire to see removed; and the removal of it by no means implies a single element of what is involved in a national Church.
    "The amendment which this General Assembly ventures respectfully to crave we have reason to believe is earnestly desired, and would be hailed as an auspicious omen by the overwhelming majority of the Christian people of these Confederate States. Is it not due to them that their consciences, in the future legislation of the country, should be protected from all that has a tendency to wound or grieve them? They ask no encroachments upon the rights of others. They simply crave that a country which they love should be made much dearer to them, and that the Government which they have helped to frame they may confidently commend to their Saviour and their God, under the cheering promise that those who honour Him He will honour. Promotion cometh not from the East, nor from the West, nor from the South. God is the ruler among the nations; and the people who refuse Him their allegiance shall be broken with a rod of iron, or dashed in pieces like a potter's vessel. Our Republic will perish like the Pagan republics of Greece and Rome, unless we baptize it into the name of Christ. "Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth . . . Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little." We long to see, what the world has never yet beheld, a truly Christian Republic, and we humbly hope that God has reserved it for the people of these Confederate States to realize the grand and glorious idea. God has wooed us by extraordinary goodness; He is now tempering us by gentle chastisements. Let the issue be the penitent submission of this great people at the footstool of His Son.
    "The whole substance of what we desire may be expressed in the following or equivalent terms, to be added to the section providing for liberty of conscience:
    "Nevertheless we, the people of these Confederate States, distinctly acknowledge our responsibility to God, and the supremacy of His Son, Jesus Christ, as King of kings and Lord of lords; and hereby ordain that no law shall be passed by the Congress of these Confederate States inconsistent with the will of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures." -- James Henley Thornwell (1812-1862), "Relation of the State to Christ (A Memorial)," The Collected Works of James Henley Thornwell, Vol. IV: Ecclesiastical, pp. 549-56. Edited by B.M. Palmer, 1875; reprint edition, Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1986

    Every Government is responsible to God, and no Government can expect to prosper without God's blessing. Every Government therefore is bound to do all that lies in its power to obtain God's favour and blessing. The Government that does not strive to promote true religion, has no right to expect God's blessing. -- J.C. Ryle (1816-1900)

    The Christ is the only One truly called. . . . The flesh has always struggled against Him, as we see when we survey the history of God's people. The struggle was especially acute at Golgotha. -- S.G. De Graaf in Promise and Deliverance

    Please notice that the First Amendment of the US Constitution is a contradiction of the First Commandment of the Decalog. Therein lies a root problem behind government corruption, violent crime, economic enslavement, mass shootings, and so forth, and so on.

    For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain; for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. (Romans 13:4)

    On the contrary, he charges them with gross and voluntary ignorance, as if he had said that, by their madness, they brought down destruction on themselves. The meaning therefore is, that the people perished because they despised instruction . . . .
    Hence we draw a useful doctrine; namely, that the source of all our calamities is, that we do not allow ourselves to be taught by the word of God, and this is what the Prophet [Isaiah -- compiler] chiefly intended that we should observe. . . .
    So then it is a true statement, that the reason why the people endure such a variety of afflictions is, that they are ignorant of God, and will not allow themselves to be taught by him. -- John Calvin commenting on Isaiah 5:13

    The Erastian Revolution, anno 1689, was "utterly inconsistent with the covenanted constitution of the Reformed Church of Scotland, anno 1648."
    In fact, the relationship between Church and State has been in decline since 1661. "In early 1661 . . . the Scottish Parliament passed the Act Rescissory, which established the king as supreme judge in all matters civil and ecclesiastical, and which made owning the covenants [National and Solemn League], unlawful. These acts undid all the works of Reformation from 1638 to 1650 and made it high treason to acknowledge Jesus Christ as head of the church. . . ." See: Act, Declaration, and Testimony, 1876, Part II.

    The whole of the prophecies of Isaiah are precious, and should be read by us constantly in private. -- C.H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon's Devotional Bible

    See Isaiah 40:1 -- Isaiah 55:13 and annotations in The Reformation Study Bible.

    The priests said not, Where is the LORD? and they that handle the law knew me not: the pastors also transgressed against me, and the prophets prophesied by Baal, and walked after things that do not profit. (Jeremiah 2:8)

    See the Theological Notes: "God Reigns: Divine Sovereignty," at Daniel 4:34 in The Reformation Study Bible.

    We content ourselves in the only word of God; and do therefore simply believe and teach, that God by his providence doth govern all things. -- Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)

    The Christ is the only One truly called. . . . The flesh has always struggled against Him, as we see when we survey the history of God's people. The struggle was especially acute at Golgotha. -- S.G. De Graaf in Promise and Deliverance

    The four "Servant Songs" of Isaiah are Isaiah 42:1-9; Isaiah 49:1-7; Isaiah 50:4-11; and Isaiah 52:13 -- Isaiah 53:12. See the annotations in The Reformation Study Bible.

    Our Triune God has ordained that the preeminent leader of the Church is the Lord Jesus Christ, the God Man, Our Righteousness. (John 1:1-18; Matthew 19:30; Matthew 28:18-20; Isaiah 49:7; Colossians 1:16-19; Colossians 2:9,10; Hebrews 12:1,2; Revelation 5:1-14; Revelation 19:11-15; Revelation 20:11-15; Revelation 22:12, and so forth, and so on). Human leadership is also divinely ordained and tends to devolve to those who are most perfectly at one with Christ, and to those who also know the most Truth (the Apostle Paul, Saint Augustine, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Puritan leaders, The Scots Worthies, and so forth, and so on).
    And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 19:28). See: (Matthew 19:28, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Then his master said unto him, It is well done good servant and faithful, Thou hast been faithful in little, I will make thee ruler over much: enter into thy master's joy. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 25:21) (Matthew 25:21 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Matthew 25:34). See: (Matthew 25:34, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And he said unto him, Well, good servant: because thou hast been faithful in a very little thing, take thou authority over ten cities. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Luke 19:17) (Luke 19:17, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Therefore I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Luke 22:29) (Luke 22:29, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together. (Romans 8:17). See: (Romans 8:17, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life? (1 Corinthians 6:3). See: (1 Corinthians 6:3, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus. (Ephesians 2:6). See: (Ephesians 2:6, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    To execute vengeance upon the heathen, and corrections among the people:
    To bind their kings in chains, and their nobles with fetters of iron,
    That they may execute upon them the judgment that is written: this honor shall be to all his Saints. Praise ye the Lord.
    (Psalm 149:7-9) (Psalm 149:7-9, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. (1 Timothy 2:12), (1 Timothy 2:12, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    And he that overcometh, and keepeth my works unto the end, to him will I give power over the nations. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (Revelation 2:26). See: (Revelation 2:26, 1599 Geneva Bible)
    To serve God is to reign. -- Seneca (4 BC -- 65 AD)

    The question of Paul, Is Christ divided? is one to which professing Christians have not given sufficient heed, and the evil consequences are abundantly apparent.
    It was deemed essential to the salvation of men that their Redeemer should possess the powers at once of a prophet, a priest, and a king. These offices, while essentially distinct, are necessarily and inseparably connected with one another. Such a union has been by some utterly denied; and its denial has laid foundation for some capital errors, which have exerted a pernicious influence on the Christian church. By others it has been criminally overlooked; and the neglect with which it has been treated has occasioned vague and conflicting conceptions regarding the great work of man's deliverance from sin and wrath by the mediation of the Son of God.
    If, as we presume will be readily admitted, the whole of Christ's offices are necessary to the salvation of fallen man, it follows that they are all essential to the character of the Saviour, and that, of course, we can not suppose him to have existed for a moment without any one of them, as this would suppose him to have been, for the time at least, no Saviour. -- William Symington (1795-1862)

    Then all the elders of Israel gathered themselves together, and came to Samuel unto Ramah, And said unto him, Behold, thou art old, and thy sons walk not in thy ways: now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD. And the LORD said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them. According to all the works which they have done since the day that I brought them up out of Egypt even unto this day, wherewith they have forsaken me, and served other gods, so do they also unto thee. Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. And Samuel told all the words of the LORD unto the people that asked of him a king. And he said, This will be the manner of the king that shall reign over you: He will take your sons, and appoint them for himself, for his chariots, and to be his horsemen; and some shall run before his chariots. And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and instruments of his chariots. And he will take your daughters to be confectionaries, and to be cooks, and to be bakers. And he will take your fields, and your vineyards, and your oliveyards, even the best of them, and give them to his servants. And he will take the tenth of your seed, and of your vineyards, and give to his officers, and to his servants. And he will take your menservants, and your maidservants, and your goodliest young men, and your asses, and put them to his work. He will take the tenth of your sheep: and ye shall be his servants. And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the LORD will not hear you in that day. Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel; and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us; That we also may be like all the nations; and that our king may judge us, and go out before us, and fight our battles. And Samuel heard all the words of the people, and he rehearsed them in the ears of the LORD. And the LORD said to Samuel, Hearken unto their voice, and make them a king. And Samuel said unto the men of Israel, Go ye every man unto his city. (1 Samuel 8:4-22)

    The Supremacy Act was 1534 under Henry VIII.
    "The first Act of Supremacy granted King Henry VIII of England Royal Supremacy which is still the legal authority of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. Royal Supremacy is specifically used to describe the legal sovereignty of the civil laws over the laws of the Church in England." -- Wikipedia article, Act of Supremacy

    They [the Scottish Parliament], passed an act rescissory [The Act Rescissory of 1661], declaring all the parliaments, and acts of parliament made in favor of reformation, from the year 1640 to 1651, null and void. The king's supremacy over all persons, and in all causes, is asserted. All meeting's, assemblies, leagues and covenants, without the king's authority, are declared unlawful and unwarrantable. The renewing of the solemn league and covenant, or any other covenants or public oaths, without the king's special warrant and approbation, is discharged. -- ACT, DECLARATION AND TESTIMONY. PART I. PLOUGHLANDHEAD, June 6, 1761

    The Erastian Revolution, anno 1689, was "utterly inconsistent with the covenanted constitution of the Reformed Church of Scotland, anno 1648."
    In fact, the relationship between Church and State has been in decline since 1661. "In early 1661 . . . the Scottish Parliament passed the Act Rescissory, which established the king as supreme judge in all matters civil and ecclesiastical, and which made owning the covenants [National and Solemn League], unlawful. These acts undid all the works of Reformation from 1638 to 1650 and made it high treason to acknowledge Jesus Christ as head of the church. . . ." -- Act, Declaration, And Testimony, 1876, Part II.
    The roots of liberty and limited government are in the Protestant Reformation. We believe the key to the maintenance of liberty and limited government is to be found in the Scottish covenanting struggle. -- James A. Dodson
    Act, Declaration, and Testimony (1876)
    https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo
    The Covenanted Reformation of Scotland Author/Title Listing
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chb.html#crsstl

    Another turning point occurred in 1758 with the reunion of the Old Side and the New Side of American Presbyterian Church. "This signaled the end of the influence of Calvinism in American Politics." For a detailed discussion see:
    From Old School to New School in CROSSED FINGERS: HOW THE LIBERALS CAPTURED THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, by Gary North
    http://entrewave.com/freebooks/docs/html/gncf/Chapter02.htm
    Another turning point occurred in 1789 with the adoption of the American Version of the Westminster Confession of Faith.

    In the same establishment may be found believers in nearly every dogma of the Popish creed, who nevertheless have declared their faith in articles which are distinctly Calvinistic; and now last, and, to our minds, most sorrowful of all, it comes out that there are men to be found among Caledonia's once sternly truthful sons who can occupy the pulpits and the manses of an orthodox Presbyterian church, and yet oppose her ancient confession of faith. Our complaint is in each case, not that the men changed their views, and threw up their former creeds, but that having done so they did not at once quit the office of minister to the community whose faith they could no longer uphold; their fault is not that they differed, but that, differing, they sought an office of which the prime necessity is agreement. All the elements of the lowest kind of knavery meet in the evil which we now denounce. Treachery is never more treacherous than when it leads a man to stab at a doctrine which he has solemnly engaged to uphold, and for the maintenance of which he receives a livelihood. The office of minister would never wittingly be entrusted by any community to a person who would use it for the overthrow of the principles upon which the community was founded. Such conduct would be suicidal. A sincere belief of the church's creed was avowedly or by implication a part of the qualification which helped the preacher to his stipend, and when that qualification ceases the most vital point of the compact between him and his church is infringed, and he is bound in honor to relinquish an office which he can no longer honestly fulfill." -- Charles Spurgeon in "Ministers Sailing Under False Colours," Sword and Trowel, February, 1870, quoted by John W. Robbins, February 10, 2006

    The Biblical doctrine of Christian Magistracy functions correctly only when State leadership is Christian, and when the State can be depended upon to wield their sword to protect true religion. The history of the human depravity in State leadership (secular leaders who destroy true religion instead of protecting it), should not cause theologians to abandon sound doctrine as stated in the original WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646). Treachery in State leadership would be far less of a problem if the writers of the U.S. Constitution had not removed the religious test clause of Colonial constitutions. This was done in America with the adoption of the "AMERICAN VERSION" OF THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH and THE U.S. CONSTITUTION in 1789.
    Besides arguing in support of the "AMERICAN VERSION" OF THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION "he [Charles Hodge], repudiated the unhistorical position of those who denied the validity of Roman Catholic baptism . . . Hodge supported slavery in the 1830s, and while he condemned the mistreatment of slaves he did not condemn the institution of slavery itself. The background to this attitude, however, was not primarily his understanding of the Bible's teaching on the matter, but rather his churchmanship. . . .
    "In 1846, however, he became convinced that slavery was wrong, reversing his earlier anti-abolitionist stance, and he then publicly denounced slavery and supported both the Abolitionist movement and President Lincoln (Adams, 2003)." -- New World Encyclopedia, February 15, 2014
    American Covenanters decried the "American Version." See the Covenanter document:
    Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
    http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism
    We love Gordon Clark, and we hold him in highest esteem, one of the great minds of the 20th century. However, astonishingly, he seems to have adopted Hodge's position on the "American Version." This relieves the State of judicial responsibilities to preserve true religion, and delivers the Church into the hands of the State. Hence, today we have the "church effeminate" and, consequently, a destabilization of every sphere of society, including that of the Reformed Church. Could this be one reason for the failure of Church courts today?
    The Relation of Church and State -- The American Church, Charles Hodge
    http://www.trinityfoundation.org/journal.php?id=92
    In "The Reformed Faith and the Westminster Confession," an address given at Weaverville, NC, August 17, 1955, found in the Appendix to this work [WHAT DO PRESBYTERIANS BELIEVE?], Clark eloquently extols the virtues of the Westminster Confession of Faith and condemns neo-orthodoxy for departing from the Word of God found in the Bible.
    Yet, incredibly, one year later, in 1956, he published this work, [WHAT DO PRESBYTERIANS BELIEVE?], which is a commentary on the "American Version (1789)." To more fully understand Clark's error here and the consequences of such an error see:
    The Topical Listing "A Theological Interpretation of American History"
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#stiahis

    Many scholars consider alterations to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), originally compiled by the Westminster Assembly of Divines, to be a "reverse plagiarism," an alteration of the original document by someone beside the author, and then passed off to the public, under the original title, as the work of the original authors. Plagiarize: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another), as one's own use (a created production), without crediting the source; to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary)
    Revisers have altered the content of the original WCF (1646), have removed key doctrine related to Christ's Crown and Covenant, and yet have retained the name given by the Westminster Assembly. Consequently, revisers have deceived many in the Church into believing that their alterations are the work of the Westminster Assembly of Divines in 1646.
    Most Presbyterian and Reformed denominations and seminaries today prescribe to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1789), the "American Version." Included are The Presbyterian Church in America and the newly constituted Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church.
    Ideas have consequences. Because theology is truth, when men delete or alter key doctrines, or replace sound doctrine deducted from God's infallible Word by logic, with human imaginations, then the course of history is changed.
    For a detailed analysis of the devastating consequences to American history caused by non-Biblical alterations in the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) and non-Biblical alterations to constitutional government in the United States see the following:
    The Topical Listing "A Theological Interpretation of American History"
    http://www.lettermen2.com/bcrr9chc.html#stiahis
    In Great Britain the Independents and Calvinistic Baptists edited the Westminster Confession (1646) for their own use, but they gave the new confessions a different name, the Savoy Declaration and the Baptist Confession. Certainly this was the honest procedure.
    American Revisions to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1789)
    http://www.opc.org/documents/WCF_orig.html
    Appendix A: Major Changes of the Savoy Declaration
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappa.html
    Appendix B: Major Changes of the PCUSA (1788-1958)
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappb.html
    Appendix C: Major Changes of the UPCUSA and PCUS (1958-1983)
    http://www.bible-researcher.com/wescoappc.html

    In 1788 the U.S. Constitution and the revised Westminster Confession were ratified. For a detailed discussion see:
    From Old School to New School in CROSSED FINGERS: HOW THE LIBERALS CAPTURED THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, by Gary North
    http://entrewave.com/freebooks/docs/html/gncf/Chapter03.htm

    Unfortunately these revisions (see listing of revisions to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) above and under "The Westminster Confession (1646, The Westminster Standards), and Related Works)" removed Christian Magistracy from the Confession (WCF 1646), essentially emasculated Christianity, and set aside Christ's Crown and Covenant. Conveniently this removed churchmen and laymen from the battlefront of standing for Christ's Crown and Covenant and turned them into effeminate figureheads.

    Mortimer Adler, in GREAT BOOKS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION, concluded that more problems are caused by the denial of God than by anything else -- it changes the whole tenure of life.

    I long for the day when the precepts of the Christian religion shall be the rule among all classes of men, in all transactions. I often hear it said, "Do not bring religion into politics." This is precisely where it ought to be brought, and set there in the face of all men as on a candlestick. I would have the Cabinet and the members of Parliament do the work of the nation as before the Lord, and I would have the nation, either in making war or peace, consider the matter by the light of righteousness. We are to deal with other nations about this or that upon the principles of the New Testament. -- C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892), The Sermon on the Mount

    Without Bible magistracy -- law enforcement, judgment, justice, criminal prosecution, civil prosecution, punishment of wrongdoers, equal justice for the "insane" and "mentally ill" (who in most cases are demoniacs), regulation of finance, business, and just regulation in all spheres of human activity -- in the absence of law enforcement, and regulation there is no government in church or in state. Punishment of wrongdoers is the primary function of a nation's government. Likewise, without church discipline there is no church government and, of course, no church.

    Yea, and all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. -- The Lord Jesus Christ (2 Timothy 3:12)

    Moral habits . . . cannot safely be trusted on any other foundation than religious principle, nor any government be secure which is not supported by moral habits . . . Whatever makes men good Christians, makes them good citizens. -- Daniel Webster

    The void which is created [by abandonment of religion] is soon filled with wantonness and violence. The State cannot be restored to order until it settles down upon some form of religion again . . . a Commonwealth can no more be organized which shall recognize all religions, than one which shall recognize none . . . A Godless State is, in fact, a contradiction in terms. -- James Henley Thornwell (1812-1862)

    If a church is willing to consider the Scripture unable to give sufficient guidance for the exercise of its ministry or the construction of its government, how long will it be before it comes to doubt the sufficiency of the Word in those doctrinal matters upon which the eternal destinies of men and women depend.
    It is right at this point that Rome has stumbled. There is no question within the papal communion as to the absolute truth and authority of God's Word. It is, rather, the sufficiency of the Word which is doubted. Tradition is to be considered as equally necessary to the church for the construction of that fully balanced teaching which will bring salvation to the world.
    Will the Presbyterian churches have progressed any further beyond Rome if they provide the suggestion that there are matters of importance to the Christian Life and Faith which the Lord has been pleased to withhold from the Scripture and has left up to the human intellect to supply as the context of historical life makes necessary?
    Where will the church be if the time comes when the arguments of the exigencies of the moment can influence the doctrinal stance of the church as much as it influences its ecclesiological stance? When the church begins to travel down this road, it will be a road that will be found to be under the dominion of the "spirit of the age." -- Brian Wingard in As the Lord Puts Words in her Mouth, Ph.D. dissertation, p. 290

    Personally I find it helpful to begin each day by silently committing that day into God's hands [Matthew 6:5-13; Psalm 37:5,6; Proverbs 16:3; Romans 12:1,2; 1 Peter 2:23b; 1 Peter 4:19; ]. I thank Him that I belong to Him [Galatians 3:26; Galatians 4:4,5; Ephesians 1:5; Romans 8:14,16,17,38,39; John 1:12], and I thank Him that He knows what the day holds for me [Providence, omniscience]. I ask Him to take my life that day and use it for His glory [John 15:16,8; Philippians 2:13; Philippians 1:6; John 15:7,8; John 15:10; John 15:4]. I ask Him to cleanse me from anything which would hinder His work [sanctification] in my life. And then I step out in faith [trust, Matthew 6:25-34], knowing that His Holy Spirit is filling me continually as I trust in Him and obey [John 14:15-21; John 14:23; John 15:10; Matthew 16:24; Romans 8:37-39] His Word [Isaiah 11:2; John 15:26-27; John 14:15-17; 2 Timothy 1:7; Romans 8:11] -- Billy Graham, from The Holy Spirit: Activating God's Power in Your Life

    Anonymous, Church and State. Available (The Original Covenanter and Contending Witness, Vol. 1, February 26, 1993, No. 5) on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Anonymous, A Remonstrance to the Presbyterians, Concerning the Government Established in the Church of England. And a Vindication of Episcopacy From its First Original, and Divine Institution. Published by Order, 1660.

    Anonymous, A Vindication of the Presbyteriall-government, and Ministry: Together, with an Exhortation, to all the ministers, elders, and people, within the bounds of the province of London, whether joyning with us, or separating from us. Published, by the ministers, and elders, met together in a provinciall assembly, Novemb. 2d. 1649. Wherein, amongst other things, these ensuing particulars are contained; 1. That there is a Church-government, by divine right. 2. That the magistrate, is not the fountain of Church-government. 3. That the presbyterial-government, is by divine right. 4. The inconveniencies of the congregationall-way. 5. That the ruling-elder is by divine right. 6. That it is the will of Jesus Christ, that all sorts of persons should give an account of their faith, to the minister, and elders, before admission to the Lords Supper; . . . 7. Directions to the elders, for the right managing of their office. 8. Directions to such as are admitted to the Lords Supper, . . . 9. Rules to preserve people, from the errours of these times. 10. That separation from our churches, is justly charged with schisme. 11. That ministers formerly ordained by bishops, need no new ordination. 12. The necessity and usefulness of catechizing. Licensed, entred, and printed according to order, 1649. Available (under Robert Baillie and Sundry Ministers of London) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.

    *Augustine, Saint (Aurelius Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, 354-430 AD), (author), Philip Schaff (editor), Marcus Dods (translator), St. Augustine's City of God and Christian Doctrine (A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church -- Volume 2), new edition, 624 pages, English, ISBN: 0802880991. Available (2 volumes, 1872 edition), on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    Augustine is said to be the greatest Christian thinker next to the Apostle Paul. Luther set the BIBLE and the CONFESSIONS OF SAINT AUGUSTINE above all other books.
    "One of the classic texts of Western civilization [it explains the fall of Rome in terms of Scripture -- compiler]. . . . DE CIVITATE DEI is an important contribution of interest to students of theology, philosophy, ecclesiastical history, the history of political thought, and late antiquity." -- Publisher (from the Cambridge University Press edition)
    "Calvin paraphrased Augustine about 400 times in THE INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.
    "St. Augustine's final sentence of THE CITY OF GOD is 'All things must be referred to the Glory of God.'
    "When you see that, then you will see the key to the story, and you will see the key to history. . . .
    "The classic exposition of history in terms of Scripture." -- C. Gregg Singer
    "Augustine began writing THE CITY OF GOD at age 59 [shortly after the city of Rome had been sacked by the Goths in 410 A.D., much to the surprise, it is said, of both the Romans and the Goths. -- compiler], and worked on it, off and on, for much of the next 14 years. The impetus for the beginning of this vast work (and its recurring focus), was the charge of Pagans (polytheists) that Christianity was responsible for the decay and demise of the Roman Empire. The charge put forward the claim that the prosperity and social stability of the state was dependent upon polytheistic worship. In response, Augustine arrays several lines of argument, rebutting the assumed 'goodness' of the Pagan state, as such, and detailing the ethical/moral and logical failings of Paganism. Augustine displays tremendous scholarship, employing the writings of Paganism's greatest historians and philosophers in his case against their religious claims. The result is a giant literary, philosophical, historical, theological and exegetical work. . . .
    "Against the 'city', i.e., society, of many gods, there is but one alternate society, this Augustine calls The City of God, adopting the expression found in several of King David's psalms. Not only is the society of many gods the society of polytheists, it is also the 'city' of pantheists, atheistic materialists and philosophical Cynics. In the case of the Cynics and atheists, these false gods are the myriad gods of self, indeed, at least as many gods (selves) as there are believers in them. Thus there are two 'cities,' two loves, two ways to understand the big questions of existence, two destinations. Says Augustine:

    "The one City began with the love of God; the other had its beginnings in the love of self." XIV:13.
    "The city of man seeks the praise of men, whereas the height of glory for the other is to hear God in the witness of conscience. The one lifts up its head in its own boasting; the other says to God: Thou art my glory, thou liftest up my head. (Psalm 3:4). In the city of the world both the rulers themselves and the people they dominate are dominated by the lust for domination; whereas in the City of God all citizens serve one another in charity . . ." (XIV:28) -- Reader's Comment
    "Augustine reflects deeply here on human nature and the meaning of eternal life and eternal punishment, within an explication of the 'meaning' of history. He writes of all human history as a single narrative. This also a work of Biblical exegesis, as Augustine treats Scripture as a historical document. For Augustine, creation is good, creation exists in time and has a history. Indeed, since God enters into history to show man His love, history itself is sanctified, through the City of God.
    "The book contains the parallel histories of what Augustine terms the City of God and the City of Man, both descended from Adam. The City of Man is founded on murder (specifically fratricide, the murder of a brother, viz. Cain and Abel, Romulus and Remus). The City of Man has been deceived and debased, fallen under the sway of pagan gods, which appear to be either demons or, at best indifferent or benign spirits that are mistakenly worshipped. The City of God, on the other hand, is a pilgrim on this earth, toiling here in the joyous expectation of final salvation in God's Kingdom." -- Reader's Comment
    "His 'grand unifying theory' of Western civilization, uniting the organization of Rome with the thought of Greece and the revelation of the Bible, has been accepted as the de facto definition of what it means to be Western until only the very last few decades of our time. . . .
    "This seamless blend of literary prowess from Rome's greatest scholar and highest ranking professor generates for the reader a powerful education in philosophy, history and theology, tied together with awesome rhetoric, that is uniquely powerful, erudite, insightful and useful all at once.
    "As it is written for the leaders of society and not for the average citizen, be ready to be intrigued, challenged to thought, and impressed with every line.
    "By no means must the reader have any kind of religious belief to benefit from this book, nor must the reader agree with all that Augustine postulates, nor can the reader, due to the great distance of time separating him from us and improvements in scientific knowledge since his time. The importance, greatness and power of the writing itself commend it to us." -- Reader's Comment
    "One who has been introduced to Augustine through his auto-biographical CONFESSIONS may find it easier to follow his logic as he discusses the numerous topics of THE CITY OF GOD." -- Reader's Comment
    "It would do the modern Church well to read this book since Augustine places THE CITY OF GOD (i.e., Christ and His Church), within the context of the pagan world in which we live, and its message is as applicable today as it was 1,500 years ago when he first wrote it." -- Reader's Comment
    "History and theology in one rich volume." -- Reader's Comment
    City of God, Saint Augustine, Philip Schaff (editor), Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D. (translator)
    http://www.ccel.org/fathers/NPNF1-02/
    The Confessions of Saint Augustine
    "The story of his sinful pursuits before conversion, and of his conversion, then of his confession to God, and his discoveries of the greatness of God after his conversion." -- Publisher
    http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/confessions/confessions.html
    The Works of Saint Augustine
    http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupname?key=Augustine%2C%20Saint%2C%20Bishop%20of%20Hippo
    Calvin's Commentaries (online)
    http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, The Christian View of History, lecture series.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=7150273140
    The Augustinian Approach to History
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, 47 min.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=9150393751
    Church History #09: Augustine #1
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504163949
    Church History #10: Augustine #2
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504164048
    Church History #11: Augustine #3
    Dr. C. Gregg Singer, "Church History" lecture series.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?SID=41504164152

    Baillie, Robert (1599-1662), The Unlawfulness and Danger of Limited Prelacy, or Perpetual Presidency in the Church, Briefly Discovered, 1641. Alternate title: THE UNLAVVFULNESSE AND DANGER OF LIMITED EPISCOPACIE. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "A defense of Alexander Henderson."

    Bannerman, D. Douglas (1842-1903), The Scripture Doctrine of the Church Historically and Exegetically Considered, 1887, ISBN: 0801006562 9780801006562. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.

    *Bannerman, James (1807-1868), The Church of Christ: A Treatise on the Nature, Powers, Ordinances, Discipline, and Government of the Christian Church, 1869, 2 volumes. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.
    "Two large volumes. A classic on the Church and worship! This is one of the most extensive studies of its kind ever compiled. Nothing compares to it on this subject. Regarding these gems, Iain Murray has stated, 'In our day, however greatly we need an evangelical revival, we need more than that. We need another Reformation, a movement which will go 'to the root of the mischief' and bring back the visible church to the pattern of God's Word in her government, ordinances and ministry. The republication of Bannerman is a step in that direction . . . For those who wish to study the doctrine of the Church in its several aspects as it was held by the majority of the Reformers, Puritans, Covenanters and leaders of 'The Third Reformation,' it will prove an invaluable textbook." -- Publisher

    Bannerman, James (1807-1868), Church and State: The Spiritual and Civil Courts.

    Bates, Stewart, The Sin and Danger of Union Between the Church of Christ and an Immoral or anti-Christian Civil Government, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.

    *Baxter, Richard (1615-1691), William Lamont (editor), A Holy Commonwealth, ISBN: 0521405807.
    "A HOLY COMMONWEALTH is Richard Baxter's invisible masterpiece." -- William Lamont
    "Written in 1659 by the Puritan minister (1615-1691), who publicly repudiated the work in 1670, this modern edition of a controversial text represents a candid confession as to why a conservative Puritan fought for Parliament in the Civil War and gave his support to the Cromwells." -- Publisher
    Contains 380 theses on government with commentary when available. These 380 aphorisms are valuable casuistry in support of Christian magistracy.
    Baxter's repudiation of the work is also included. It is interesting to note that he never repudiated the first part of the book, which lays the foundation for Christian Magistracy. It was only the second part that was repudiated by, as Lamont says, his public persona which was Arminian.
    Apparently, in Richard Baxter we have an example of the Armenian being unable to stand publicly for Covenanted Reformation, yet his private persona wrote A HOLY COMMONWEALTH, and his unpublished papers show that he continued to recommend the work to associates after his public repudiation.
    A Holy Commonwealth: or, Political Aphorisms, Opening the True Principles of Government: For the Healing of the Mistakes, and Resolving the Doubts, That Most Endanger England at This Time (1659)
    http://archive.org/details/holywealth00baxt

    Begg, James (1808-1883), Anarchy in Worship or Recent Innovation Contrasted with the Constitution of the Presbyterian Church and the Vows of Her Office-Bearers (1875). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #3, #4 and #24.
    "The principles upheld in this book are extremely important today, for as the title page notes 'When nations are to perish in their sins, 'Tis in the Church the leprosy begins.' Begg lays his foundations in the second commandment and deals with all man-made innovations in the worship of God. The four types of innovators exposed are especially interesting, being: 1. the presumptuous and blasphemous innovator; 2. the popularity-hunting innovator; 3. the politic and scheming innovator; 4. the aesthetic innovator. Women preachers, drama, dance and numerous other modern inventions in public worship would all be rejected outright if these Biblical principles were faithfully followed. Herein we also see why those holding to the Scriptural law of worship and the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) must reject musical instruments in public worship as just another Popish and Judaizing innovation -- a resurrecting of the abrogated ceremonial law -- and thus a denial of the finished work of Christ. The discussion of vows taken by office holders to the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646), as they relate to worship, is also extremely important and should be read not only by all elders who have bound themselves to uphold the WCF [1646], but also by all Christians who love the truth and want to maintain the church in purity." -- Publisher

    *Boot, Joseph, The Mission of God: A Manifesto of Hope for Society, ISBN: 9780994727909 0994727909.
    "This is a work of practical theology and cultural philosophy, demonstrating the religious nature of all human actions and institutions." -- Publisher
    "The problem with most contemporary thought regarding missions is the tendency towards a truncated view of God's plan for the world and Christians' role within it. The strong focus on the salvation and transformation of individuals, and not so much on how this transformation can be externalized to communities and nations as well -- a phenomenon which one Christian thinker refers to as a 'flight to the interior.' This means that social thought has become monopolized by those who hold to non-Christian philosophies, who then get to frame the terms by which social thought is discussed. Even those Christians who try to articulate a social vision inadvertently borrow from these philosophies, rather than drawing from the resources of the Christian worldview.
    "It is good, then, that Dr. Joseph Boot has provided us in THE MISSION OF GOD a comprehensive, well thought out treatise on how God's plan does not just involve the salvation of individuals, but the transformation of the world to one that is characterized by godliness. He describes the purpose of the book as follows:

    I have endeavored in the following pages, to further biblical faith and life through what I hope is an engaging analysis of key themes in contemporary missiology through a reformed, puritan lens. This is done, not simply out of an academic interest in missiological concerns, but because I genuinely believe that the core elements of Puritan thought must be restated with relevance in our time, as central to both the recovery of the church, and the Western world itself from the brink of disaster -- a cultural auto-homicide (p. 17).
    "In producing this treatise, Boot does not weave entirely news idea out of thin air, but draws upon historic Christianity, especially the Puritan movement that sprung out of the Protestant Reformation. He shows that Christianity provides a coherent social vision, that it alone can provide a stable foundation for society, and how our present societies will not be able to sustain themselves if they abandon those foundations. . . ." -- Reader's Comment

    Bowyer, Gerald (editor in 1991), The Christian Statesman, 1867 -- Present, ISSN: 0009-5664.
    "The organ of the National Reform Association and the oldest continuous publication associated with Reformed Presbyterianism."
    The NRA and The Christian Statesman are currently dormant (May 3, 2018).

    Brett, Thomas, The Independency of the Church Upon the State, as to its Pure Spiritual Powers: Proved From the Holy Scriptures, and the writings of the primitive Fathers. With answers to the most material objections. By Thomas Brett, LL.D. London, 1717.

    Bridgett, T.E., The Religious Test Acts, 1790.
    "An address to the common sense and understanding of the people; shewing, that the repeal of the Test Act must be necessarily attended with the greatest dangers both to church and state." -- Publisher

    Brooks, Thomas (1608-1680), Sins Which Bring God's Fiery Judgment Upon Cities and Nations. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25. Available in WORKS OF THOMAS BROOKS.

    Brown, Guy S., Calhoun's Philosophy of Politics: A Study of the "Disquisition of Government," ISBN: 0865546800 9780865546806.

    Brown, John (of Wamphray, 1610-1679), An Apologetical Relation of the Particular Sufferings of the Faithful Ministers and Professors of the Church of Scotland Since 1660, Wherein Several Questions, Useful for the Time, are Discussed: The king's prerogative over parliaments and people soberly inquired into; the lawfulness of defensive war cleared; the supreme magistrate's power in church matters examined; Mr. Stillingfleet's notion concerning the divine right or forms of church government considered; the author of "The seasonable case" answered; other particulars, such as the hearing of the curates appearing before the high commission court, etc., canvassed . . . etc., Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #8.

    Brown, Thomas (1811-1893), Annals of the Disruption, 1893. Includes two volumes: FORMATION OF THE FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND and CHURCH AND STATE: A NARRATIVE OF THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE FROM 1560 TO 1843. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "ANNUALS OF THE DISRUPTION chronicles the formation of the Free Church of Scotland, with extracts from the narratives of ministers who left the Scottish establishment in 1843. This battle over unlawful civil encroachments upon the church can be instructive today as the same principles still apply. Church government and education (re: home schools and private Christian schools), are most affected in our day by tyrannical civil 'authorities'." -- Publisher

    *Brown, Thomas (1811-1893), Church and State: A Narrative of the Struggle for Independence From 1560 to 1843: The Third Series of Chalmers Lectures by Thomas Brown, ISBN: 0790541602 9780790541600. Alternate title: ANNALS OF THE DISRUPTION. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Hits all the historical high points surrounding the great Scottish struggle for the spiritual independence of the church -- against unbiblical usurpation by statist forces. From Knox to the author's day, the cause of civil liberty and the interests of vital (Reformed) religion, in church and state, are both set forth." -- Publisher

    Buchanan, George (1506-1582), and Duncan Harald MacNeill, The art and Science of Government Among the Scots, Being George Buchanan's "De jure regni apud Scotos," 1964.

    *Buchanan, George (1506-1582), Roger A. Mason, and Martin S. Smith, A Dialogue on the law of Kingship Among the Scots: A Critical Edition and Translation of George Buchanan's De jure regni apud Scotos dialogus. Alternate title: DE JURE REGNI APUD SCOTOS DIALOGUS and A DISCOURSE CONCERNING THE DUE PRIVILEGE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND and A DIALOGUE CONCERNING THE DUE PRIVILEGE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND, 1680, ISBN: 1859284086 9781859284087.
    "A detection of the actions of Mary queen of Scots: concerning the murder of her husband, and her conspiracy, adultery, and pretended marriage with Earl Bothwel: and a defense of the true lords, maintainers of the king's majesty's action and authority." -- Publisher

    *Burges, Cornelius (1589?-1665), The First Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons now Assembled in Parliament at Their Public Fast, Nov. 17, 1640. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #29.
    "A beautifully clear facsimile copy of this amazing sermon (published by order of the British House of Commons in 1641), exhorting this Parliament to 'stand to the covenant' of God; by, 'endeavouring of a further Sanction of, and stronger Guard about our true Palladium, the true Religion, already established among us; in the perfecting of the Reformation of it; in the erecting, maintaining, protecting, and encouraging of an able, godly, faithful, zealous, profitable, Preaching Ministry, in every Parish Church and Chapel throughout England and Wales; in interceding to the Kings sacred Majesty for the setting up of a Faithful, Judicious, and Zealous Magistracy, where yet the same is wanting, to be ever at hand to back such a Ministry: without either of which, not only the power of Godliness will sooner degenerate into formality, and zeal into lukewarmness; but Popery, Arminianism, Socinianism, Profaneness, Apostasy, and Atheism itself will more and more crowd in upon us, and prevail against us, do You all You can be all other means.' Points out that where a godly ministry and magistracy are lacking, society degenerates into a godless mob, headed by one of the above named heresies -- as we have seen in our day. Presses national covenant renewal, from Jer. 50:5 [Jeremiah 50:5], and explains from scripture how and why this should take place. Cites many biblical examples of the great Scriptural blessing that has followed previous national covenanting; while making practical application to the situation of the day. This sermon foreshadows chapter 23, of the celebrated Westminster Confession of Faith [1646], on 'the Civil Magistrate,' and gives much insight into this watershed period of Christian political development. It is highly recommended for anyone even remotely interested in seeing their nation prosper politically and ecclesiastically. Furthermore, it will be a great help for anyone seeking to formulate a biblical doctrine explaining the four way relationship between: loving God with all your heart, soul, strength and mind; Jesus Christ as mediator; the everlasting covenant (and covenanting); and the state, as set forth in Scripture. A very rare item. A Covenanter's delight! 70 pages." -- Publisher

    Burgess, Anthony, (d. 1664), and Samuel Clarke (1599-1682), Golden Apples, or Seasonable and Serious Counsel From the Sanctuary to the Rulers of the Earth: Held Forth in the Resolution of Sundry Questions and Cases of Conscience, 1659.

    Calamy, Edmund (1600-1666), Jus Divinum Ministerii Evangelici. Or, The Divine Right of the Gospel-Ministry: Divided Into two Parts. The First Part Containing a Justification of the Gospel-ministry in General. The necessity of ordination thereunto by imposition of hands. The unlawfulnesse of private mens assuming to themselves either the office or work of the ministry without a lawfull call and ordination. The second part containing a justification of the present ministers of England, both such as were ordained during the prevalency of episcopacy from the foul aspersion of anti-christianism: and those who have been ordained since its abolition, from the unjust imputation of novelty: proving that a bishop and presbyter are all one in Scripture; and that ordination by presbyters is most agreeable to the Scripture-patern. Together with an appendix, wherein the judgement and practice of antiquity about the whole matter of episcopacy, and especially about the ordination of ministers, is briefly discussed. Published by the Provincial Assembly of London, 1654.

    *Calderwood, David (1600-1666), The History of the Kirk of Scotland, 8 volumes. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #11.
    " 'The extensive learning and eminent talents of the Rev. David Calderwood, his matured experience in ecclesiastical affairs, and especially in those of his native country, the persecutions he had endured for his beloved Church, and the numerous works he had written in its defense, all qualified him, in the happiest manner, for becoming a Historian of the Kirk of Scotland. Above all, when the narrative was to be one of struggle and suffering, in which the principalities and powers of the earth, as well as those of darkness, were the antagonists, the record of such a conflict fell most aptly into the hands of a man whom a monarch had in vain attempted to brow-beat, and a whole hierarchy to silence. His own heart also appears to have affectionately inclined towards this his most congenial occupation, so that, after his return from exile, he spent many years in collecting and arranging the materials necessary for such an important task. At last, when he had reached his seventy-third year, the General Assembly, for the purpose of enabling him to perfect his work, granted him an annual pension of 800 pounds Scots. Calderwood died only two years afterwards; but he lived to accomplish his purpose of writing the History of our National Church from the commencement of the Reformation to the close of the reign of James the Sixth, in two, if not three successive and copious revisals' (Preface to volume one, pp. v-vi). More on the prominent role Calderwood played in the church of his day is supplied by Johnston, TREASURY OF THE SCOTTISH COVENANT, p. 47, when he writes that 'the Second Book of Discipline was sworn to in the National Covenant in 1581, and revised by the Assembly of 1638. The most important parts of the book were legalized in 1592, and again in 1690. Calderwood, the historian, edited 'The First and Second Book of Discipline,' printed in 1621.' Furthermore, the DICTIONARY OF SCOTTISH CHURCH HISTORY AND THEOLOGY (p. 118), tells us that Calderwood was 'excluded from the church courts when he opposed Bishop James Law of Orkney's (FES VII, 322), substitution of royal supporters in place of the Presbytery's duly elected representatives to the General Assembly. But when King James VI visited Scotland in 1617, Calderwood and 54 other ministers meeting in Edinburgh wrote a protest against the King's intention that the monarch and men of his preference should appoint forms of worship and discipline in the Church. Calderwood was required to appear with Archibald Simson before the King at St. Andrews, where from his knees he boldly opposed the King's will and asserted the freedom of the General Assembly to control the Church's ceremonies and government (emphasis added, and some today say these are points of little or no consequence -- how different from our Reformed forefathers -- RB). Calderwood was deprived of his charge, imprisoned and banished. In 1619 he went to Holland, whence he issued anonymously his monumental critique of English episcopacy, The Altar of Damascus (n.p., 1621), greatly enlarged in Latin . . . Calderwood's writings were erudite and widely persuasive, preparing the way for the restoration of Presbyterian practice at the 'Second Reformation' . . . With Alexander Henderson and David Dickson he was appointed by the General Assembly of 1643 to draft a directory for public worship, to fill a need for guidelines after the episcopal conventions had been removed (in keeping with the Solemn League and Covenant -- RB).' The same article, commenting on this eight volume history, relates, 'it is a major source for the history of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation until 1625.' This massive set (of over 6000 pages), was printed between 1842 and 1849. It contains a 171 page index and Thomson's 'Life of David Calderwood. The contents are listed and dealt with chronologically by year; beginning in the preamble with the descent of the Scots from the ancient Gauls, but formally covering the period (focusing to the church), from 1514 to 1625. Documents and information available no where else (that we know of), are also included in this set. Must reading for researchers and those interested in church history!" -- Publisher
    The History of the Kirk of Scotland (1842), David Calderwood, Volume: 1
    http://archive.org/details/historykirkscot05caldgoog

    *Calderwood, David (1600-1666), The Pastor and the Prelate or Reformation and Conformity Shortly Compared, 1844. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. (PB #4, ACL, DVD One, CD #3)
    "This 17th century work refutes prelacy. Calderwood, bound by solemn oath to defend the doctrine and discipline of Biblical Presbyterian government and worship, and to oppose the hierarchy, along with all rites and ceremonies added to the worship of God, does a masterful job here. He uses the Word of God and the proceedings of the ancient and Reformation churches to make his points. He deals with controversies over things 'indifferent,' people's souls, state and society, etc. -- as they are affected by these two systems of government. He points out the far-reaching consequences of the implementation of various systems of church government and worship, showing how these specific ideas are eventually mirrored in the culture in general. Summarizing, he notes the classic saying concerning these matters and their consequences in the civil realm, 'no ceremony no bishop, no bishop no king,' and in the ecclesiastical arena, 'no ceremony no prelate, no prelate no pope'." -- Publisher

    *Calvin, John (1509-1564), The Institutes of the Christian Religion, 2 volumes, ISBN: 0664220207 9780664220204. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. A Christian classic.
    "Edited by John McNeill and translated by Ford Lewis Battles, this is the definitive English language edition of one of the monumental works of the Christian church -- Calvin's INSTITUTES.
    "Still considered by many to be the finest explanation and defense of the Protestant Reformation available.
    "The work is divided into four books: I. The Knowledge of God the Creator, II. The Knowledge of God the Redeemer in Christ, III. The Mode of Obtaining the Grace of Christ, IV. The External Means or Helps by Which God Allures us Into Fellowship With Christ and Keeps us in it. . . . THE INSTITUTES is praised by the secular philosopher, Will Durant, as one of the ten books that shook the world." -- GCB
    Calvin spent a lifetime writing and perfecting INSTITUTES OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION. His Prefatory Address makes it clear that he intended the work to be a defense of Christianity to the King of France.
    Therefore, plainly stated, one of the most influential works ever published in the English language is a defense of Christianity to leaders of State.
    Prefatory Address to His Most Christian Majesty, The Most Mighty and Illustrious Monarch, Francis, King of the French, His Sovereign, John Calvin. Available in THE INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.
    "Indeed, this consideration makes a true king: to recognize himself a minister of God in governing his kingdom. Now, that king, who in ruling over his realm does not serve God's glory, exercises not kingly rule but brigandage. [Footnote: 'Nec iam regnum ille sed latrocinium exercet.' An echo of Augustine's famous phrase: 'When justice is taken away, what are kingdoms [[regna]] but a vast banditry [[magna latocinia]]?' City of God, IV. iv (MPL [[Migne, J.P., Patrologiae cursus completus, series Latina]], 41. 115; tr. NPNF [[A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, second series]], II. 66)]. Furthermore, he is deceived who looks for enduring prosperity in his kingdom when it is not ruled by God's scepter, that is, his Holy Word; for the heavenly oracle that proclaims that where prophecy fails the people are scattered [Prov. 29:18 (Proverbs 29:18)], cannot lie." (Battles translation)
    "The characteristic of a true sovereign is, to acknowledge that, in the administration of his kingdom, he is a minister of God. He who does not make his reign subservient to the divine glory, acts the part not of a king, but a robber. He, moreover, deceives himself who anticipates long prosperity to any kingdom which is not ruled by the sceptre of God, that is, by his divine word. For the heavenly oracle is infallible which has declared, that where there is no vision the people perish (Proverbs 29:18), (Beveridge translation)."
    See the entire Prefatory Address, Beveridge translation. Considered to be one of the greatest prefaces ever written.
    http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.ii.viii.html
    "The doctrines of covenant liberty were rediscovered in the Reformation. John Calvin went further than anyone else in defining liberty and what Christians need to do to maintain it. Includes bibliographies."
    It is recommended that INSTITUTES OF CHRISTIAN RELIGION be used for daily devotions and may be used in combination with Ford Lewis Battles and John Walchenbach, AN ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION OF JOHN CALVIN and with CALVIN'S COMMENTARIES.
    Calvin's Commentaries at BibleStudyGuide.org
    http://www.biblestudyguide.org/comment/calvin/comm_index.htm
    Calvin's Commentaries, complete
    From the Calvin Translation Society edition.
    http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/commentaries.i.html
    One Hundred Aphorisms, Containing, Within a Narrow Compass, the Substance and Order of the Four Books of The Institutes of the Christian Religion
    http://www.lettermen2.com/pringle.html
    Contents and Chapter Sections for Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1559 (McNeill/Battles)
    http://www.lettermen2.com/icrcont.html
    Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion; A New Translation by Henry Beveridge (1845), Volume: 1
    http://archive.org/details/instituteschrist01calvuoft
    Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion; A New Translation by Henry Beveridge (1845), Volume: 2
    http://archive.org/details/institutesofreli02calvuoft
    Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, Beveridge translation
    http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.iii.vii.html
    Monergism: Commentaries
    From Mongergism.com search "commentaries."
    http://www.monergism.com

    Calvin, John (1509-1564), A Sermon on the Duty of Civil Rulers to Enforce and Defend the True Religion and True Godliness in their Realms by drawing out the sword against all Heretics and others who trouble the Church, and by strictly punishing whoredom, drunkenness, dancing, stage plays, &c., John Calvin. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    A sermon on 1 Timothy 2:1-2.
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/calvin/calvin_12_on_Timothy.html

    Cameron, Fraser, J. (author), Sinclair B. Ferguson (foreword), Learning From Lord Mackay: Life and Work in two Kingdoms, e-book, ISBN: 9780995995314 0995995311.
    "James Mackay served as Lord Advocate of Scotland (1979-84) and Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (1987-97). He is, in the words of a past President of the Law Society of Scotland, 'not only an outstanding man in his profession, but one of the most brilliant Scottish scholars of all time.' He is also a humble Christian who has served his Lord in church and state. This book seeks to introduce him to a wider Christian audience, while pointing out lessons that may be learned by others in political office and seeking to locate him in terms of the contemporary (largely American) 'two kingdoms' controversy."
    "There is no Scotsman, indeed no British person in public life whom I admire more." -- Sinclair B. Ferguson, Professor of Systematic Theology, Redeemer Seminary, Dallas, Texas
    "There ought to be a copy of this book in the Oval office and all the offices of senators and members of Congress." -- Reader's Comment

    Campbell, William M., Samuel Rutherfurd [Rutherford], Propagandist and Exponent of Scottish Presbyterianism: An Exposition of his Position and Influence in the Doctrine and Politics of the Scottish Church.

    Caryl, Joseph (1602-1673), David's Prayer for Solomon: Containing the Proper Endowments and Duty Royall of a King, With the Consequent Blessings Upon a Kingdome: Delivered in a Sermon at Christ-Church London, before the Right Honourable the Lord Major, the . . . aldermen his bretheren, together with the . . . companies of the said city, upon the 27th of March, 1643. Being the commemoration of His Majesties inauguration. A sermon.

    Caryl, Joseph (1602-1673), George Miller, and Giles Calvert, The Arraignment of Unbelief, as the Grand Cause of our Nationall Non-establishment: Cleared in a Sermon to the Honourable House of Commons in Parliament, at Margarets Westminster, Upon the 28th. of May, 1645. Being the day of Their Publike Fast. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Chellis, William, Origins of American Covenanter Political Theology (National Reform Association). Probably available in a publication of the National Reform Association. However, NRA is currently dormant (May 3, 2018).
    Author's Note: "This article is an excerpt from a larger paper on the place of God's law in Anglo-American Christendom."

    Christian Amendment Movement, Problems Related to Christian Civil Government, 1947.

    *Church of Scotland, Covenantal Lawsuits of the Church of Scotland.
    "The consequences of disobeying the covenant of God was suffering the severity of God's judgment. If the persecutors of the Scottish Church refused to repent, they would suffer excommunication. Knox and his followers knew that God himself would give victory to the Church. The sovereign judgment of God would come on their oppressors in some manner. Armed uprising was not the first priority of the Church. They were first to dispense with all effective means of Church discipline. But armed resistance, as a last means of self-defense, was never ruled out." -- see John Knox, The Reformation in Scotland, pp. 168,169,171,172.

    Church of Scotland, General Assembly, A Solemn and Seasonable Warning: to the Noblemen, Barons, Gentlemen, Burrows, Ministers and Commons of Scotland: and Also to the Scottish Armies Without and Within That Kingdom / From the General Assembly, 12 Feb. 1645; and the Humble Remonstrance of the Aforesaid Assembly to the King, 13. Feb. 1645.

    *Coleman, John, Diplomacy by Deception, ISBN: 0964010488 9780964010482.
    "True and accurate account of the treasonous conduct by the British and American governments. An account of how their citizens are deceived by policies provoking actions that are totally detrimental to the well-being of their citizens.
    "Thoroughly research, the book provides unpublished information on the gulf war and the Bolshevik Revolution. The chapter on covert actions throws new light on the murder of Martin Luther King, Pope John Paul, and other notables marked for elimination.
    "The bloodshed that resulted from the creation of an artificial 'Saudi Arabia;' the foreign policy making role of the petroleum industry; the rape of Mexico by British and American oil barons; the revolutions they ignited which cost thousands upon thousands of lives; British conquest of India, the pernicious Indian 'apartheid' caste system. These are some of the subjects dealt with in this historic exposé of how our governments deceive us under the color of diplomacy.
    "DIPLOMACY BY DECEPTION tells us that the United Nations is a war-making body, not a peace-keeping organization, and how the Rockefellers and Alger Hiss, aided by the top Illuminati Dulles family, got the United States involved with the United Nations. There is a masterly analysis of constitutional roadblocks barring U.S. membership of the United Nations that will come as a surprise and leave no doubt that we are not now, nor can we ever be, a member of the United Nations.
    "DIPLOMACY BY DECEPTION will forever alter your perception of the two leading governments in Western civilization. This is an excellent companion book to the COMMITTEE OF 300 by the same author." -- Publisher

    Collins, William Edward, Church and Stated in England Before the Conquest, 1903, ISBN: 0524054932 9780524054932.

    Cornelison, Isaac A., The Relation of Religion to Civil Government in the United States of America, 1895.

    *Cunningham, John (1819-1893), The Church History of Scotland: From the Commencement of the Christian Era to the Present Time, 1882, 2nd edition, 2 volumes. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30.
    "Few people are as well qualified to write such a history as the author of these volumes. Provides a vivid recounting of the struggle for independence and religious freedom." -- Cyril J. Barber

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Church and State, the Biblical View: A Compilation of Articles From Some of the Best Christian Minds in History. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #23.
    "A compilation of articles from some of the best Christian minds in history, including Cunningham, Smeaton, M'Crie, Symington, Gillespie, the Westminster Divines, Bannerman, Owen and Shaw. This book shows that, generally speaking, the leaders of the Reformed faith have all come to substantial agreement regarding what the Scriptures teach about Christ's Kingship over the nations and the Church. Establishmentarianism is clearly seen to be the historically Reformed consensus, and this has a huge impact on the way one views both the Church and the state, in relation to Scripture." -- Publisher

    Cunningham, William (1805-1861), Lecture on the Nature and Lawfulness of Union Between Church and State: Delivered at Edinburgh on the 27th November, 1834: Being the First of a Series of Lectures, at the Request of "The Edinburgh Young Men's Association for the Promoting the Interests of the Church of Scotland".

    *Cunningham, William (1805-1861), The Westminster Confession on the Relationship Between Church and State. Alternate title: REMARKS ON THE TWENTY-THIRD CHAPTER OF THE CONFESSION OF FAITH, AS BEARING ON EXISTING CONTROVERSIES. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    "Chapter eight excerpted from DISCUSSIONS ON CHURCH PRINCIPLES. Answers the false claims that the Westminster Divines contradicted themselves on this issue and/or that they were Erastians. Proves that changes made to the original Westminster Confession, concerning church and state issues, were in error -- clearly demonstrating why this is so." -- Publisher
    The Westminster Confession on the Relation Between Church and State, William Cunningham
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-westminster-confession-on-the-relation-between-church-and-state.php

    *Dabney, Robert Lewis (1820-1898), Discussions: Evangelical and Theological, 2 volumes, ISBN: 0851513506 9780851513508. Alternate title: DISCUSSIONS OF ROBERT LEWIS DABNEY.
    "Warfield called Dabney 'the most conspicuous figure and the leading theological guide of the Southern Presbyterian Church, the most prolific theological writer that Church has as yet produced.' These three volumes of articles and essays vindicate Warfield's statement. 'This is not a book to be read and returned to the library shelf,' states the well known Baptist minister Al Martin, 'rather, as I have found to my own profit, it ought to be read, digested, and kept close at hand as a guide, companion and constant prod to us.' Dr. Archibald Alexander called Dabney, 'the best teacher of theology in the United States, if not the world.' Freundt notes, 'Dabney championed the doctrines of Calvinism and applied them consistently and practically to the great issues of his times'." -- Publisher
    Discussions of Robert Lewis Dabney Vol. 1: Evangelical and Theological.
    http://archive.org/details/DiscussionsOfRobertLewisDabneyVol.1EvangelicalAndTheological

    *Davies, Samuel (1723-1761), The Divine Government the Joy of the World. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Expands upon the reign and rule of King Jesus and the great blessings that this entails." -- Publisher
    The Divine Government the Joy of the World, Samuel Davies
    http://books.google.com/books?id=q2msGwAACAAJ&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html

    Davies, Samuel (1723-1761), The Necessity and Excellence of Family Religion. Available in THE GODLY FAMILY: A SERIES OF ESSAYS ON THE DUTIES OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #22.
    "Promotes daily family worship based on an indirect application of 1 Tim. 5:8 [1 Timothy 5:8], 'But if any provide not for his own, and especially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel'." -- Publisher

    *Davies, Samuel (1723-1761, editor), et al., The Godly Family: A Series of Essays on the Duties of Parents and Children, ISBN: 1877611735 9781877611735, 341 pages.
    "Gary Ezzo has collected 16 essays and sermons from 17th and 18th century pastors on ordering a godly home. The book is divided into four section: 1) The Importance of Family Religion, 2) The Duties of Parents, 3) The Duties of Children, 4) The Eternal Family. . . . All of these have been retypeset and updated for easier reading." -- Publisher
    "The necessity and excellence of family religion / by Samuel Davies -- The great duty of family religion / by George Whitefield -- A plain and serious address on the important subject of family religion / by Philip Doddridge -- Parental duties illustrated / by Samuel Worcester -- The duties of parents towards their children / by Henry Venn -- Disciplining children / by Arthur Hildersham -- On the method of instructing children / by Henry Venn -- Four sermons on the religious education of children / by Philip Doddridge -- Blessings consequent upon parental fidelity / by Thomas Houston -- The duties of children to their parents / by Samuel Stennett -- The duties of children / by Henry Venn -- Heaven considered as a family / by Samuel Stennett."

    Dawson, Jane E.A., The Early Career of Christopher Goodman and his Place in the Development of English Protestant Thought, a thesis, 1978.

    De Witt, John R., Jus Divinum: The Westminster Assembly and the Divine Right of Church Government.

    Dick, James, and the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Synod, Civil Rulers Serving the Lord, or, The Scriptural Doctrine of National Religion: A Sermon, Preached at the Opening of the Reformed Presbyterian Synod of Scotland, May 15th, 1882.

    Dill, James Renwick, Christian Government and the Sabbath.

    Dodds, Josiah, Essay on Civil Government, 1851.
    http://www.covenanter.org/CivilGovt/doddsessay.htm

    Edwards, Thomas (1599-1647), The Casting Down of the Last and Strongest Hold of Satan. Or, A Treatise Against Toleration and Pretended Liberty of Conscience: wherein by Scripture, sound reason, fathers, schoolmen, casuists, Protestant divines of all nations, confessions of faith of the Reformed Churches, ecclesiastical histories, and constant practice of the most pious and wisest emperours, princes, states, the best writers of politicks, the experience of all ages; yea, by divers principles, testimonies and proceedings of sectaries themselves, as Donatists, Anabaptists, Brownists, Independents, the unlawfulnesse and mischeif [sic] in Christian commonwealths and kingdoms both of a vniversal toleration of all religions and consciences, and of a limited and bounded of some sects only, are clearly proved and demonstrated, with all the materiall grounds and reasons brought for such tolerations fully answered. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Eells, Edward, Christ, the Foundation of the Salvation of Sinners, and of Civil and Ecclesiastical Government: Illustrated in a Sermon, preached before the General Assembly of the colony of Connecticut, on the day of the anniversary election, May 14th, 1767.

    Elazar, Daniel Judah, Covenant and Commonwealth: From Christian Separation Through the Protestant Reformation, ISBN: 1560002085 9781560002086.

    *Fentiman, Travis (editor, annotation, introduction), All of George Gillespie's Writings on Christ's Mediatorial Kingdom is the Church Only, e-text only (September 4, 2017)
    "George Gillespie, the Westminster divine, (while being able to affirm this Group's Description) has the most in-depth writings on the majority puritan view that Christ's Mediatorial Kingdom is the Church only. Now collected and published for the first time in a contemporary format with explanatory notes.
    "As a bonus, these writings are also the classic delineation of the Establishment Principle, the Biblical relation between Church and State.
    "If one does not agree with Gillespie's viewpoint, this should still be a helpful resource as his writings on the subject are often neglected and unread due to not (until now) being collected in a convenient, contemporary format." -- Publisher
    https://reformedtheologybooks.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/gillespie-george-christs-mediatorial-kingdom-is-the-church-only.pdf

    Fiske, John, The Beginnings of New England, or, the Puritan Theocracy in its Relations to Civil and Religious Liberty, 1902, ISBN: 0781228492.

    Fissel, Mark Charles, The Bishops' Wars: Charles I's Campaigns Against Scotland, 1638-1640, ISBN: 0521345200 9780521345200 0521466865 9780521466868, 1994.

    Fleming, Robert (1630-1694), The History of Hereditary-right From Cain to Nero: Wherein its Indefeasibleness, and all Other Such Late Doctrines Concerning the Absolute Power of Princes . . . are Fully and Finally Determin'd, by the Scripture Standard of Divine Right . . . To which is prefix'd, a preface, by way of a modest challenge and address to the British and Irish Jacobites, to answer what is said, 1711.

    Flint, Robert, Christ's Kingdom Upon Earth: A Series of Discourses, 1865, ISBN: 0790536749 9780790536743.
    Christ's Kingdom Upon Earth: A Series of Discourses
    http://archive.org/details/christskingdomup00flin

    Forbes, Steve, A New Birth of Freedom: Vision for America, ISBN: 0895263203 9780895263209.
    "America today has the potential for the greatest economic boom and spiritual renewal in our history. Presidential candidate and publishing magnate Steve Forbes shows how we can once again brighten economic prospects for everyone, reform our corrupt political institutions, and restore the severely weakened moral foundations of our country." -- Publisher

    Ford, Simon (1619-1699), The Great Interest of States and Kingdomes: The Second Part, A Sermon Preached on a Publike Thanksgiving, on the 12th of May, 1646, at Botolphs Alders-gate: and After (Upon the Desire of Some Friends), Enlarged at Paul's Church in Covent-garden, on the Lords Day, May 17th, 1646.

    Forrester, Thomas, John Scott, and Alexander Monro, The Hierarchical Bishops Claim to a Divine Right, Tried at the Scripture-bar, or, A Consideration of the Pleadings for Prelacy: From Pretended Scriptural Arguments, presented and offered by Dr. Scott, in his book intituled, The Christian life, part II, A.M., D.D. in his Enquiry into the New Opinions, &c., and by the author of the second part of the Survey of Naphtali. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #24.

    Forsyth, Peter Taylor, Theology in Church and State, 1915.

    Foster, Finley Milligan, Church and State, Their Relations Considered, a thesis, 1940.

    Free Church of Scotland, a Committee of Free Church Ministers and Elders, Serious Objections to the Proposed Declaratory act of the Free Church of Scotland: Submitted for the Consideration of Office-bearers and Members of the Free Church.

    Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Synod, History of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland (1893-1970), ISBN: 0902506099 9780902506091.

    Fuller, Andrew (1754-1815), Importance of Union of Public and Private Interests in the Service of God. In THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ANDREW FULLER (1:469-74).

    Gage, Royal, A Treatise on Resistance and Nonresistance: In Which is Included a Scriptural Distinction Between the Church of Christ and the Civil Government of the World, 1848.

    *Geller, Pamela, Robert Spencer, and John Bolton (foreword), The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America, ISBN: 9781439189306 1439189307 9781439189900 1439189900 9781439190364 1439190364.
    "Popular conservative blogger Pamela Geller, and New York Times bestselling author Robert Spencer team up to expose the Obama administration's destructive agenda -- largely ignored by the mainstream media -- and rally Americans to protect the sovereignty of a country that is under siege by the highest levels of its own government.
    "America is being tested in a way that she has never been tested before. Since taking the oath of office in January 2009, President Barack Obama has cheered our enemies and demoralized our allies. He is hard at work 'remaking' America by destroying the free-market system and nationalizing major segments of our economy, demonizing dissent and restricting freedom of speech, turning against our longtime friends, and above all, subjecting us to the determinations of foreign authorities.
    "As Americans see their paychecks shrinking every day, Obama ignores our forefathers' founding principle: individual rights. Instead, he seeks to level the playing field -- to transform both the global and national landscape in favor of our enemies -- even if it means cutting America off at the knees. He envisions himself as more than just a president of the United States, but as a shaper of the new world order, an internationalist energetically laying the groundwork for global government: the president of the world.
    "A vital guide to helping conservatives prepare for the tough battles ahead, THE POST-AMERICAN PRESIDENCY critically examines the Obama administration's ominous and revealing moves against our basic freedoms, particularly as he seizes control of the three engines of the American economy: health care, energy, and education. The Shining City on a Hill has gone dark. But America is not dead. The time is NOW to stand up and fight. -- Publisher

    George, R.J., Political Dissent: Defending Covenanter Dissent and Separation. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #26.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), CXI Propositions Concerning the Ministerie and Government of the Church, 1647.

    *Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Aaron's Rod Blossoming; or, the Divine Ordinance of Church Government Vindicated, 1646. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in THE PRESBYTERIAN'S ARMOURY.
    "The remainder of the title reads: 'So as the Present Erastian Controversy Concerning the Distinction of Civil and Ecclesiastical Government, Excommunication and Suspension, is Fully Debated and Discussed, from the Holy Scriptures, for the Jewish and Christian Antiquities, from the Consent of Later Writers, from the True Nature and Rights of Magistracy, and from the Groundlessness of the Chief Objections made Against the Presbyterial Government, in Point of a Domineering Arbitrary Unlimited Power.'
    "In short, this book deals with the biblical view of the separation of church and state, and is especially pertinent concerning the modern political climate, in which the old Erastian tree of civil ecclesiastical interference is growing strong and spreading much poisonous fruit. As with just about everything else Gillespie wrote, this book has been widely recognized as THE classic in its field. Three major sections cover 'Of the Jewish Church Government;' 'Of Christian Church Government;' and 'Of Excommunication from the Church, and of Suspension from the Lord's Table.' Lachman, in his Preface writes, 'It presents the classic Reformed point of view, one now little heard and perhaps less understood. Gillespie writes carefully and clearly, in many respects resembling the better know John Owen in the clarity and power of his reasoning.' Bannerman states, 'This famous treatise is unquestionably the most able, learned, systematic, and complete work on the Erastian controversy in existence. It deserves, and will repay, the most careful study.' (The Church of Christ, vol. 2, p. 432). Beattie, (Memorial Volume, p. xxxvi, 1879), called this book, 'the ablest plea for Presbytery ever made'." -- Publisher
    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Aaron's Rod Blossoming, or, The Divine Ordinance of Church Government Vindicated. (1844)
    http://archive.org/details/aaronsrodblosso00gillgoog

    *Gillespie, George (1613-1648), A Dispute Against the English Popish Ceremonies Obtruded Upon the Church of Scotland, 1637, ISBN: 0941075141. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "George Gillespie was one of the Scottish commissioners to the Westminster Assembly, the youngest member there, and undoubtedly one of the most influential. William Hetherington observes 'The effect produced by this singularly able work may be conjectured from the fact that within a few months of its publication, a proclamation was issued by the Privy Council, at the instigation of the Bishops, commanding that all copies of the book that could be found be called in and burned by the hangman. Such was the only answer that all the learned Scottish Prelates could give to a treatise written by a youth who was only in his twenty-fifth year when it appeared' ('Memoir,' from the Works of George Gillespie, p. xviii). James Bannerman notes, 'This was Gillespie's first work, and it may be truly said to have settled the controversy which called it forth, so far as argument was concerned. No answer to it was ever attempted by the Prelatic party; and no answer was possible. It displays singular acuteness, learning, and force of reasoning; and the thoroughness of the discussion is as remarkable as the power with which it is conducted.' (The Church of Christ, vol. 2, p. 435). Possibly the best uninspired book ever written on biblical worship, an extensive and thorough masterpiece that leaves no stone unturned. For advanced study." -- Publisher
    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), A Dispute Against the English Popish Ceremonies, Obtruded Upon the Church of Scotland
    http://archive.org/details/EnglishpopishCeremonies
    A Historic Introduction to Popish Ceremonies, introduction by Roy Middleton
    http://www.naphtali.com/epcextrc.htm
    English Popish Ceremonies, George Gillespie (extracts)
    http://www.naphtali.com/epcextr2.htm

    *Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Ezekiel's Vision of Millennial Glory, Preparation for Coming Reformation and a Remedy for Backsliding and Lukewarmness. Available (THE PURITAN FAST SERMONS, 1640-1652, THE WORKS OF GEORGE GILLESPIE, and as two MP3 files), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (two MP3 files), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
    "This sermon was originally preached to England's House of Commons 'At Their Late Solemn Fast, Wednesday, March 27, 1644.' It is taken from volume one of Gillespie's two volume WORKS. It gives great insight into the covenanted unity, uniformity and worldwide Reformation sought by the majority of the Westminster Divines and the best of the civil leaders of Gillespie's day. Gillespie searchingly deals with the individual, the church and the state, while painting a Scriptural picture of prophesied earthly victory (Isa. 2:2-5 [Isaiah 2:2-5], Ezek. 47:1-12 [Ezekiel 47:1-12], etc.) -- in classic historicist postmillennial style -- which is sure to stir even the coldest Christian heart. He shows how the worst disease the land can suffer is corruption in religion (particularly as exhibited in false worship), rebukes those opposing the Solemn League and Covenant and calls upon all to maintain (and even improve upon), the Reformation attainments whereunto we have already attained. (Philippians 3:16). It is also interesting to note, especially since this sermon was preached before civil rulers, that though Gillespie points out the need for humility, repentance, prayer, tears, godly affections, sanctified minds and honorable actions, he does not forget to mention the importance of a covenanted army in this great cause of Christ's Covenanted Reformation. Also noted is the destruction of Antichrist, the calling and conversion of the Jews (Rom. 11 [Romans 11]), the two witnesses and the 1260 year apostasy. Gillespie closes with an appeal to the English House of Commons, with whom the Scots had 'joined in covenant and in arms,' to be faithful 'according to the word he (God -- RB), hath covenanted with you (i.e. in the Solemn League and Covenant -- RB), so his spirit remaineth among you' -- exhorting these magistrates to fear not but to be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. This is classic Covenanter preaching, among the best sermons you may ever hear!" -- Publisher

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Male Audis, or An Answer to Mr. Coleman his Malle Dicis: Wherein the Repugnancy of his Erastian Doctrine to the Word of God, to the Solemne League and Covenant, and to the Ordinances of Parliament: Also his Contradictions, tergiversations, heterodoxies, calumnies, and perverting of testimonies, are made more apparent then formerly. Together with some animadversions upon Master Hussey his Plea for Christian magistracy: shewing, that in divers of the afore mentioned particulars he hath miscarried as much, and in some particulars more then Mr. Coleman, 1646.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Nihil Respondes: or, A Discovery of the Extream Unsatisfactorinesse of Master Colemans Peece, Published Last Weeke Under the Title of A Brotherly Examination Re-examined: Wherein, his self-contradictions: his yeelding of some things, and not answering to other things objected against him: his abusing of Scripture: his errors in divinity: his abusing of the Parliament, and indangering their authority: his abusing of the Assembly: his calumnies, and namely against the Church of Scotland, and against my selfe: the repugnancy of his doctrine to the Solemne League and Covenant, are plainly demonstrated, 1645.

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), On Holy Days
    http://www.naphtali.com/gghodays.htm
    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Part 1: Holy Days Take Away our Christian Liberty Proved out of the Law
    http://www.naphtali.com/articles/george-gillespie/holy-days/epc-out-of-the-law/
    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Part 2: Holy Days Take Away our Christian Liberty Proved out of the Gospel
    http://www.naphtali.com/articles/george-gillespie/holy-days/epc-out-of-the-gospel/

    Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Whether it be Lawful, Just, and Expedient, That the Taking of the Solemn League and Covenant be Enjoined by the Parliament Upon all Persons in the Kingdom Under a Considerable Penalty. Available (by title and in THE WORKS OF GEORGE GILLESPIE, volume 2) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #19. Available (Chapter XVI. of "A Treatise of Miscellany Questions," pp. 85-88), in THE WORKS OF GEORGE GILLESPIE, volume 2.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/SL&CGil.htm

    *Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Wholesome Severity Reconciled With Christian Liberty, or, The True Resolution of a Present Controversie Concerning Liberty of Conscience: here you have the question stated, the middle way betwixt popish tyrannie and schismatizing liberty approved and also confirmed from Scripture and the testimonies of divines, yea of whole churches: the chiefe arguments and exceptions used in the bloudy tenent, the compassionate samaritane, M.S. to A.S. &c., examined: eight distinctions added for qualifying and clearing the whole matter: and in conclusion a parænetick to the five apologists for choosing accommodation rather than toleration, 1645. Available (PDF and MP3 files [audio file]), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    "Gillespie was a major force at the Westminster Assembly. This rare item gives great insight into the original intent of the framers of the Westminster documents concerning matters of conscience, liberty, law, and government. Dr. Greg Bahnsen has noted how sections mirror modern theonomic thought. Read on cassette for the first time ever! This item can also be found in written form in volume four of Naphtali Press' Anthology of Presbyterian and Reformed Literature." -- Publisher
    Wholesome Severity Reconciled With Christian Liberty, or, The True Resolution of a Present Controversy Concerning Liberty of Conscience, 1645
    http://www.naphtali.com/severity.htm
    Wholesome Severity Reconciled With Christian Liberty
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/21/wholesome-severity-reconciled-with-christian-liberty

    *Gillespie, George (1613-1648), George Buchanan, John Brown (of Wamphray), David Hay Fleming, The Presbyterian's Armoury, 3 volumes, 1846. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "In terms of 'bang for your book buying buck,' you will not find more fire-power 'under one roof' than in THE PRESBYTERIAN'S ARMOURY! Can be purchased as the three volume set or individually as listed below."

  • Volume One of THE PRESBYTERIAN'S ARMOURY
    "Contains GILLESPIE'S LIFE AND WRITINGS by Hetherington, plus all of the following works by George Gillespie: A DISPUTE AGAINST ENGLISH POPISH CEREMONIES, 1637; AN ASSERTION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, 1644; 111 PROPOSITIONS CONCERNING THE MINISTRY AND GOVERNMENT OF THE CHURCH, 1644; two of Gillespie's sermons, preached before the House of Common (1644), and the House of Lords (1645); and Gillespie's answers to Coleman which defend Presbyterian polity against Erastianism. 'Noted for his erudition, keen mind, powerful debating skills and articulate speech and often called 'Great Mr. Gillespie' in his day, he has been referred to as the prince of Scottish theologians and the supreme defender of Presbyterian church government'." (Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 359).
  • Volume Two of THE PRESBYTERIAN'S ARMOURY
    "Contains all of the following works by George Gillespie: AARON'S ROD BLOSSOMING, OR THE DIVINE ORDINANCE OF CHURCH GOVERNMENT VINDICATED; A TREATISE OF MISCELLANY QUESTIONS; NOTES OF DEBATES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSEMBLY OF DIVINES AT WESTMINSTER (February 1644 to January 1645). Gillespie is most famous for his AARON'S ROD which Walker called 'the chef d'oeuvre' of Scottish ecclesiastical theology. (cited in Nigel Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, pp. 359-360). He was a thundering preacher and a prominent member of the famous Westminster Assembly. Johnston, TREASURY OF THE SCOTTISH COVENANT cites the following concerning Gillespie: 'That is an excellent youth; my heart blesses God in his behalf. There is no man whose parts in a public dispute I do so admire. He has studied so accurately all the points that are yet to come to our Assembly; he has got so ready, so assured, so solid a way of public debating; that however there be in the Assembly divers very excellent men, yet, in my poor judgement, there is not one who speaks more rationally and to the point than that brave youth has done ever (Baillie from his Letters and Journals). He was one of the great men that had a chief hand in penning our most excellent Confession of Faith and Catechisms. He was a most grave and bold man, and had a most wonderful gift given him for disputing and arguing. The end of a dispute held by him with some of the promoters of the Engagement was, that Glencairn said, 'There is no standing before this great and mighty man.' He was called malleus Malignantium, 'the hammer of the Malignants' (Wodrow's Analecta), 558 pages."
  • Volume Three of THE PRESBYTERIAN'S ARMOURY
    "Contains: Samuel Rutherford's LEX, REX, or THE LAW AND THE PRINCE; John Brown of Wamphray's APOLOGETICAL RELATION; David Calderwood's PASTOR AND PRELATE, OR REFORMATION AND CONFORMITY SHORTLY COMPARED; and CAUSES OF THE LORD'S WRATH AGAINST SCOTLAND AGREED UPON BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 1651. LEX, REX is 'the great political text of the Covenanters.' (Johnston citing Innes in Treasury of the Scottish Covenant, p. 305). 'Rutherford was the first to formulate the great constitutional principle Lex est Rex -- the law is King . . . much of the doctrine has become the constitutional inheritance of all countries in modern times.' (Idem.) Brown's anti-prelatical work deals with the lawfulness of defensive wars, ecclesiastical and civil government, the hearing of curates, etc. Brown's writing has been said to be 'decidedly superior to most of the Scottish writers of his day, and even to Owen.' Calderwood upholds Presbyterianism over and against prelacy. THE CAUSES OF GOD'S WRATH was written anonymously (James Guthrie was the reputed author), and was at one time burnt along with LEX, REX, 615 pages." -- Publisher
    Brutus, Junius, The Covenant Between God and Kings, from A DEFENSE OF LIBERTY
    http://www.constitution.org/vct/vindiciae1a.htm
  • Gillespie, George (1613-1648), Assembly, Glasgow, 11th Session, 1638, Sermon, Prov. 21:1 [Proverbs 21:1], The King's Heart is in the Hand of the Lord. Available in THE WORKS OF MR. GEORGE GILLESPIE.

    Gouge, William (1578-1653), God's Three Arrows: Plague, Famine, Sword, 1631. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "Notes: 'Deaths death', 'The Churches conquest over the sword', 'The extent of Gods providence, set out in a sermon', and 'The dignitie of chivalry, set forth in a sermon' each have separate dated title page; pagination and register are continuous. 'The dignitie of chivalry' was first published separately in 1626."
    Subject: Providence and government of God

    Graham, John, The Revolution Settlement of the Church of Scotland: Its Provisions, in Several Respects, Inconsistent With the Approved Principles of the Second Reformation, 1841. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30. Available in LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SECOND REFORMATION.
    Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

    Green, Steven K., The Second Disestablishment: Church and State in Nineteenth-Century America, ISBN: 9780195399677 0195399676.

    Green, Steven K., The Bible, the School, and the Constitution: The Clash That Shaped Modern Church-state Doctrine, ISBN: 9780199827909 0199827907.
    "Few constitutional issues have been as contentious in modern times as those concerning school prayer and the public funding of religious schools. But as Steven K. Green reveals in THE BIBLE, THE SCHOOL, AND THE CONSTITUTION, this debate actually reached its apogee just after the Civil War, between 1863 and 1876. Green shows that controversy over Bible reading in public schools, commonly called 'the School Question,' captured national attention to an unprecedented degree. Public education during the nineteenth century faced many competing pressures, including a widespread belief that schooling required a moral if not religious basis, a belief among many Protestants that Catholic immigration presented a threat to Protestant culture and to republican values, the need to accommodate increasing religious pluralism in the schools, and evolving understandings of constitutional principles. THE SCHOOL QUESTION provided Americans with the opportunity to address and articulate these pressures, and to engage in a grand -- and sometimes not so grand -- public debate over the meaning of separation of church and state. Green demonstrates that the modern Supreme Court's decisions on school funding and Bible reading did not create new legal doctrines or abolish dominant practices, but built on legal concepts and educational trends that had been developing since the early nineteenth century. He also shows that while public reaction to a growing Catholic presence was a leading factor in this development, it was but one element in the rise of the legal doctrines the high court would embrace in the mid-twentieth century. Rarely in the nation's history have people from such various walks of life -- Protestants and Catholics, skeptics and theocrats, nativists and immigrants, educators and politicians -- been able to participate in a national discussion over the meaning of a constitutional principle. The debates of this period laid the foundation for constitutional arguments that still rage today." -- Publisher

    Green, Steven K., The Second Disestablishment: Church and State in Nineteenth-century America, ISBN: 9780195399677 0195399676.

    Gregory, William L.S. (W.L.S.G.), The Trial of Antichrist, Otherwise, The Man of Sin, for High Treason Against the Son of God, 1830. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #17.
    "The Pope is charged with High Treason against the King of Heaven, for usurping his Supremacy, dignified Titles, Power, etc. The indictment goes as far back as the year 606, when he first was acknowledged as the Universal Bishop, and some of the principal circumstances recorded in History from that time to the present are brought forward to support the charge. The form of a State Trial is almost if not altogether constantly attended to, and such legal phrases used, as to keep up the idea of a Court of Justice." -- Preface
    The Trial of Antichrist (1830)
    http://archive.org/details/trialofantichris00gregiala

    Gurudas, Treason: The new World Order, ISBN: 0945946147 9780945946144.
    "This book examines the who, what, where when of the crimes of the U.S. government. I have read 200 non-Orwellian history and political science books. I have written two Masters Theses myself, and I can say the research in this book is impeccable. Details that Democrats and Republicans work together: we have a one party system: a Bicephalous beast with two heads that snarl and spit at one another to delude the masses into thinking there is a debate . . . This book traces the origins and the crimes of the ruling elite in near chronological order, PhD quality research and detail. Buy one for everyone you know." -- Reader's Comment

    Hall, David W., Jus Divinum Regiminis Ecclesiastici, or, The Divine Right of Church-government, ISBN: 0941075214 9780941075213 0941075222 9780941075220.

    *Hall, David W., Savior or Servant? Putting Government in its Place, ISBN: 0965036715 9780965036719.
    "SAVIOR OR SERVANT? is the single best volume of Christian thinking on the issue of the increasingly intrusive state . . . Theology at its very best: orthodox, relevant, and provocative." -- George Grant
    "SAVIOR OR SERVANT? PUTTING GOVERNMENT IN ITS PLACE is an attempt to define the role of the state: Shall it be a minister or a Messiah? Using ancient but timeless information, David W. Hall has surveyed the Bible and arrived at a coherent theology of the state. This study succeeds in identifying the responsibilities that the civil state is mandated to do, permitted to do, and prohibited from doing. Along the way, it is discovered that all political schemes and issues are fraught with theological value. Moreover, the most enduring grid to keep government in its rightful place is found in the Bible. Drawing upon thousands of verses and hundreds of thinkers, this volume is comprehensive yet readable. Theologians from Augustine to Calvin and from Aquinas to Barth are studied and presented in a non-technical manner. The Christian who is interested in politics should absorb these summaries before launching out into unstudied political activism. Rather than adopting a politics-as-usual posture, Hall challenges partisans from the right and from the left. He summons Christians to the old paths, which God's Word has occupied for centuries. Discussed in these chapters are perennial matters of practical importance, such as: taxation; resistance to evil governments; methods of influence; the escalation of rights; limited government; moral qualities for leaders; separation of powers. This book will provide excellent fodder for discussion and guidance. It returns spiritual principles to their place, while seeking to put government in its proper place.
    "SAVIOR OR SERVANT? is a revival of a classic approach to limited government. In a time when nations are finally beginning to shrink bloated governments, a surprising source commends itself as an able assistant in reform. The scriptural view of the state, removed from the varied fads of political science, provides an enduring perspective by which to measure all states. This study begins with a survey of biblical teaching on pressing matters of state today. Following the contours of the Old and New Testaments, SAVIOR OR SERVANT? calls all levels of government to a servant posture, rather than allowing officials to dominate. A historical tracing of the best and most pertinent that theology has to offer on the subject is contained in these pages." -- Publisher

    Hamburger, Separation of Church and State, ISBN: 0674007344 9780674007345 0674013743 9780674013742.
    "In a powerful challenge to conventional wisdom, Philip Hamburger argues that the separation of church and state has no historical foundation in the First Amendment. The detailed evidence assembled here shows that eighteenth-century Americans almost never invoked this principle. Although Thomas Jefferson and others retrospectively claimed that the First Amendment separated church and state, separation became part of American constitutional law only much later. Hamburger shows that separation became a constitutional freedom largely through fear and prejudice. Jefferson supported separation out of hostility to the Federalist clergy of New England. Nativist Protestants (ranging from nineteenth-century Know Nothings to twentieth-century members of the K.K.K.) adopted the principle of separation to restrict the role of Catholics in public life. Gradually, these Protestants were joined by theologically liberal, anti-Christian secularists, who hoped that separation would limit Christianity and all other distinct religions. Eventually, a wide range of men and women called for separation. Almost all of these Americans feared ecclesiastical authority, particularly that of the Catholic Church, and, in response to their fears, they increasingly perceived religious liberty to require a separation of church from state. American religious liberty was thus redefined and even transformed. In the process, the First Amendment was often used as an instrument of intolerance and discrimination." -- Publisher

    Hay Fleming, David (1849-1931), The Subscribing of the National Covenant in 1638, 1912. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The "glorious marriage day between God and Scotland."

    Henderson, Alexander (1583-1646), and Church of Scotland, General Assembly, Parliament, The Scotts Declaration, in Answer to the Declaration, Sent Unto Them by Their Commissioners now at London, From the Honourable Houses of Parliament of England: Expressing Their Care to Prevent the Effusion of Christian Blood; and Their Affections to Reformation Both to Kirk and State, 1642.

    Herle, Charles (1598-1659), Detvr Sapienti: In a Treatise of the Excellency of Christian Wisdome, Above That of Worldly Policy and Morall Prvdence (sic), in two Former Treatises. Alternate title: WORLDLY POLICY AND MORAL PRUDENCE. THE VANITY AND FOLLY OF THE ONE, THE SOLIDITY AND USEFULNESS OF THE OTHER, IN A MORAL DISCOURSE. Available (WORLDLY POLICY AND MORAL PRUDENCE), on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Herle, Charles (1598-1659), A Pair of Compasses for Church and State: Delivered in a Sermon Preached at St. Margarets in Westminster Before the Honorable House of Commons, at Their monethly Fast November the Last, 1642. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    *Hodge, Charles (1797-1878), The Relation of Church and State, by Charles Hodge, in the Trinity Review, July/August, 1988.
    "Hodge was one of the greatest exponents and defenders of historical Calvinism in America during the 19th century." He was the principal of Princeton Theological Seminary between 1851 and 1878.
    Charles Hodge "has been called the 'prince of American theologians.' Hodge was perhaps the most influential Presbyterian theologian of the nineteenth century, an instructor at Princeton Seminary for decades, and the author of many books, including his three volume SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY." (John W. Robbins)
    Read what Charles Hodge says in THE RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE -- THE AMERICAN CHURCH, in support of the newly discovered "novel, yet sound, doctrine" of the relationship between Church and State in America. Then decide for yourself if he unscripturally conceded to delivering the Church into the hands of the State in the "American Version, 1789" of THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH.
    The Biblical doctrine of Christian Magistracy (Bible Magistracy Turns Back the Wrath of God) functions correctly only when State leadership is Christian, and when the State can be depended upon to wield their sword to protect true religion. The history of the human depravity in State leadership (secular leaders who destroy true religion instead of protecting it), should not cause theologians to abandon sound doctrine as stated in the original WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646). Treachery in State leadership would be far less of a problem if the writers of the U.S. Constitution had not removed the religious test clause of Colonial constitutions. This was done in America with the adoption of the "AMERICAN VERSION" OF THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH and THE U.S. CONSTITUTION in 1789.
    Besides arguing in support of the "AMERICAN VERSION" OF THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION "he [Charles Hodge], repudiated the unhistorical position of those who denied the validity of Roman Catholic baptism . . . Hodge supported slavery in the 1830s, and while he condemned the mistreatment of slaves he did not condemn the institution of slavery itself. The background to this attitude, however, was not primarily his understanding of the Bible's teaching on the matter, but rather his churchmanship. . . .
    "In 1846, however, he became convinced that slavery was wrong, reversing his earlier anti-abolitionist stance, and he then publicly denounced slavery and supported both the Abolitionist movement and President Lincoln (Adams, 2003)." -- New World Encyclopedia, February 15, 2014
    American Covenanters decried the "American Version." See the Covenanter document:
    Reformed Presbyterian Catechism, William L. Roberts D.D.
    http://archive.org/details/ReformedPresbyterianCatechism
    We love Gordon Clark, and we hold him in highest esteem, one of the great minds of the 20th century. However, astonishingly, he seems to have adopted Hodge's position on the "American Version." This relieves the State of judicial responsibilities to preserve true religion, and delivers the Church into the hands of the State. Hence, today we have the "church effeminate" and, consequently, a destabilization of every sphere of society, including that of the Reformed Church. Could this be one reason for the failure of Church courts today?
    The Relation of Church and State -- The American Church, Charles Hodge
    http://www.trinityfoundation.org/journal.php?id=92

    Howie, John (1735-1793), James Stewart and John Knox: Scotland's "Two Sons of oil" (excerpted from John Howie's Scots Worthies, 1781 edition, narrated by Larry Birger, Jr.). Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    "As Birger accurately observes in his introduction to this one-tape reformational powerhouse, 'One great reason the Church is so weak and divided today is precisely because she has rejected these commandments of her Lord and Husband [to walk in the footsteps of the flock (Song of Solomon 1:8), and to seek out and walk in the old paths (Jeremiah 6:16)]. Forgetting the works of God in history, she has thus become an easy prey to the old lies and idolatries of the Roman Catholic Church, that whore of Babylon, such that so-called Protestantism today in many ways bears more resemblance to the Roman Church than to the biblical churches of the Reformation. We are indeed ignorant of our history, and therefore have been doomed time and again to repeat its mistakes.' He continues, pointing to one of God's powerful remedies for our sinful failings in this area: Our gracious Lord has nonetheless provided a way out for us, by preserving for us the narratives of His great works in history, as well as His infallible Word by which to judge which are truly the good old paths. . . . On this tape you'll hear of the lives of two men who exemplified the work of Christ's "Two Witnesses" in Scotland, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, and John Knox. These "Two Sons of oil," like their ancient predecessors, Zerubbabel and Joshua, illustrate the holy beauty and mighty effectiveness of God's institutions of Scriptural civil magistracy and gospel ministry. We see from their high regard for one another and from the work they accomplished in the Lord how both righteous civil rulers and faithful gospel ministers are necessary for true and lasting, society-changing reformation. In our age of ungodly toleration and pretended liberty of conscience (as opposed to the true Scriptural liberty of conscience promoted by these two eminent reformers), the emphasis is generally laid upon the ministry only as the agent of reformation -- and truly, there will be no lasting reformation without a faithful ministry. Nevertheless, we see from the Scriptural examples of Hezekiah, Josiah, and other godly rulers, as well as from various instances throughout subsequent history that the civil rulers are called by, and used by, God to promote and protect the welfare of His Bride, the Church. These rulers have no authority in matters of religion, but they have a responsibility about matters of religion -- to do things like suppressing and uprooting heresy, blasphemy, and idolatry, and encouraging and promoting faithful ministers -- as all our faithful Reformed forefathers taught.' Learn with excitement how God used these two faithful men to defeat Antichrist in Scotland, and purify and unify His faithful Church there. A great tool for seeing the vital importance of the civil government (as well as the ministry), in reformation!" -- Publisher
    James Stewart and John Knox: Scotland's "Two Sons of oil," audio file.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?sermonid=122501142339

    Howie, John (1735-1793), Reformation Principles, &c. Re-exhibited: A Collection; Containing, I. The National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant, With the Acknowledgment of Sins, and Engagement to Duties, as They Were Renewed at Douglass, July 24, 1712, With Accommodations to the Present Times -- Together with a preface, containing a narrative of the manner of the action, &c. II. Plain Reasons for Presbyterians Dissenting From the Revolution-church in Scotland. As also, their principles concerning civil government, and the difference betwixt the reformation and revolution principles. Alternate title: PLAIN REASONS FOR PRESBYTERIANS DISSENTING FROM THE REVOLUTION-CHURCH IN SCOTLAND.

    *Howie, John (1735-1793, collector and transcriber), Michael Shields, James Guthrie, John Kid, John King, et al., Faithful Contendings Displayed: Being an Historical Relation of the State and Actings of the Suffering Remnant in the Church of Scotland Subsisted in Select Societies, and Were United in General Correspondencies During the Hottest Time of the Late Persecution, viz. From the Year 1681 to 1691: Together with an account of the State of the land in general, and of the society people in particular, in the intervals betwixt each of their general meetings, with some pertinent remarks upon these historical occurrences, and many letters to and from the general correspondent meetings, 1780, ISBN: 1171237324 9781171237327 0548345945 9780548345948. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    The long title continues: "Collected and kept in record by Mr. Michael Shields, who was clerk unto these general societies, and personally present at most of their meetings. To which is added, ten considerations on the danger of apostacy and defection from a covenanted work of reformation. By Mr. James Guthrie, sometime minister of the Gospel at Stirling. As also, a collection of very valuable sermons, preached by these faithful and eminent servants of Jesus Christ, Messrs. John Kid, John King, John Welch, John Blackadder, John Dickson, and Gabriel Semple. Collected and transcribed by John Howie, and published at the desire of some of those who desire to own the same testimony that some of those authors owned and sealed with their blood." -- long title continued
    "Howie is famous for his BIOGRAPHIA SCOTICANA: OR, A BRIEF HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE LIVES, CHARACTERS, AND MEMORABLE TRANSACTIONS OF THE MOST EMINENT SCOTS WORTHIES (often just called SCOTS WORTHIES), but this work is just as valuable. A massive, rare classic, in which Howie aims at 'the gaining of friends unto, or confirming them in the covenanted interest, in a subserviency to God's glory and the good of His church' (preface, p. xxiv). Contains much information on the Reformation and the sufferings of the Covenanters which is found nowhere else (to our knowledge)." -- Publisher

    Innes, Taylor, The law of Creeds in Scotland: A Treatise on the Relations of Churches in Scotland Established and not Established to the Civil law, 1902 and 1867.

    Jacoby, Stewart Olin, The Religious Amendment Movement: God, People and Nation in the Gilded Age, 2 volumes.
    "We the People of the United States, humbly acknowledging Almighty God as the source of all authority and power in civil government, the Lord Jesus Christ as the Ruler among nations, his revealed will as the supreme law of the land, in order to constitute a Christian government, and in order to form a more perfect union. . . . -- proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution, introduced in memorial by Senator Charles Sumner, 1864."

    *Johnston, John C., Treasury of the Scottish Covenant. A Christian classic. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "A massive listing (over 671 pages), covering Covenanting literature from the period of the Reformation to its publication in 1887. Contains not only the principal literary productions of the Covenanters (in the course of the long-sustained and heroic resistance offered by them to the spiritual despotism thrust against them in both church and state), but all of the chief historical documents connected with this period of history. Inspiration and courage can be drawn from the memories and associations of these events and writings. Here is one example of what you will find (from page 349 in the book): '(Richard) Camerons' head and hands, cut from his body at Airsmoss, were taken to his father, then suffering in prison in Edinburgh for the Covenant. He was asked if he knew them. 'His words,' says Dr. Kerr, 'were surely the most touching of all the memories of that cruel time: 'I know, I know them! they are my son's, my dear son's! It is the Lord: good is the will of the Lord, who cannot wrong me nor mine, but has made goodness and mercy to follow us all our days.' After which, by order of the Council, his head was fixed upon the Netherbow Port, and his hands beside it, with the fingers upward, a kind of preaching 'at the entry of the city, at the coming in at the doors,' that told more for his cause and against the persecutors than all the words he could have spoken.' A must for every serious theological student, religious library, or rare book collector who has any interest in Reformation thought and/or literature. It is a veritable gold mine of information, facts, documents, book listings and more!" -- Publisher
    Johnston, John C., Treasury of the Scottish Covenant
    http://archive.org/details/treasuryofscotti00john

    Kah, Gary, and Rick Blanchette (editor), The New World Religion, ISBN: 0967009804 9780967009803.
    "The New Age movement is a complicated mass of false religious systems dating back to the Tower of Babel. Gary takes them as a whole and shows the reader exactly where this system is headed. From the religious and social implications to the political and environmental, Gary's research shows us that we are closer to anti-Christian upheaval in the name of peace than we ever thought.
    "What's most interesting is the Catholic tie in. Gary proves that Catholicism has, right now, the inside track to being the official religious arm of the U.N. He also does a great job in documenting the Catholic/New Age relationship." -- Reader's Comment

    Keith, Robert, John Parker Lawson (editor of volumes 1 and 2), and C.J. Lyon (editor of volume 3), History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland: From the Beginning of the Reformation to the Year 1568. By Robert Keith . . . With Biographical Sketch, Notes, and Index, by the Editor, 3 volumes.

    *Kelly, Douglas F., The Emergence of Liberty in the Modern World: The Influence of Calvin on Five Governments From the 16th Through 18th Centuries, ISBN: 0875522971.
    "Examines Calvin's influence on the civil governments of Geneva, Huguenot France, Knox's Scotland, Puritan England, and Colonial America. Shows how Calvin's legacy continues to bear upon the issues that guide and agitate Western nations today." -- Publisher

    *Kennedy, D. James (1930-2007), with Jim Nelson Black, Character and Destiny: A Nation in Search of its Soul, ISBN: 0310443806 9780310443803.
    "America faces a crisis of moral authority. In this penetrating, informative book, Dr. D. James Kennedy takes readers to the core of today's cultural erosion. The United States' rich heritage of Christian liberty is now being corrupted by those who are trying to rewrite or reinterpret history. Even our traditional values are being undermined by our educational system. More than ever, we need to assert the truth -- the truth of the existence of sin and of the absolute nature of morality." -- Publisher
    Dr. Kennedy regards this work as his most important book to date.

    *Kennedy, D. James (1930-2007), with Jerry Newcombe, What if the Bible had Never Been Written? ISBN: 0785271546 9780785271543.
    "Following its predecessor, WHAT IF JESUS HAD NEVER BEEN BORN, WHAT IF THE BIBLE HAD NEVER BEEN WRITTEN is a veritable compendium of the major accomplishments of the western world. D. James Kennedy demonstrates quite capably that many of the most fundamental stages of advancement for mankind over the last 2000 years began with the impetus of people whose lives were influenced by the Holy Scriptures. The book reads easily and keeps the attention of the reader as the author moves from one aspect of human development to another. He also explodes some myths along the way with clear and concise excerpts from personal letters, writings and biographies of the individuals about whom he writes. All in all, I would recommend this book to those who question the validity and potency of the Bible and to those who need to bolster their faith and resolve in the Book of books." -- Reader's Comment

    *Kennedy, D. James (1930-2007), with Jerry Newcombe, What if Jesus had Never Been Born? The Positive Impact of Christianity in History, ISBN: 0785271783 9780785271789.
    Hospitals, universities, literacy and education, capitalism and free-enterprise, representative government, separation of political powers, justice and common law, civil liberties, abolition of slavery, modern science, and so forth can all be attributed to Christianity.

    *Kerr, James (1847-1905), Church and State: Three Lectures. I. Religious Equality -- National Disaster. II. Erastian Establishment -- Ecclesiastical Dishonour. III. Scriptural Establishment -- Imperial Glory. Available in pamphlet format from:
    Covenanter Pamphlets
    http://www.covenanter.org/pamphlets/
    Church and State: Three Lectures. I. Religious Equality -- National Disaster. II. Erastian Establishment -- Ecclesiastical Dishonour. III. Scriptural Establishment -- Imperial Glory
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/7/james-kerrs-three-lectures-on-church-and-state

    *Knox, John (1505-1572), Appellation From the Sentence Pronounced by the Bishops and Clergy: Addressed to the Nobility and Estates of Scotland. Alternate title: THE APPELLATION OF JOHN KNOX FROM THE CRUELL . . . SENTENCE PRONOUNCED AGAINST HIM BY THE FALSE BISHOPPES AND CLERGEY OF SCOTLAND, WITH HIS SUPPLICATION AND EXHORTATION TO THE NOBILITIE, ESTATES, AND COMMUNALTIE OF THE SAME REALME, and THE APPELLATION . . . TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, and REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM: AN APPEAL TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY, and THE APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND, and THE APPELLATION. Cover title: REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM: APPEAL TO THE SCOTTISH NOBILITY (1558). Available (singly as REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM, in which key text have been underlined by a previous reader), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (REFORMATION, REVOLUTION AND ROMANISM), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1 (MP3), #26. Available (APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND), on the Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press CD-ROM Library. Available (APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND), in THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX, Vol. 4. [John Knox; David Laing ((collector and editor)), THE WORKS OF JOHN KNOX, Vol. 4, reprint of the 1855 edition printed for Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh (New York: AMS Press, 1966)].
    "David Chilton notes, 'Of all the sixteenth-century Reformers, John Knox remains the most ardently loved and fiercely hated. No other leader of his day saw so clearly the political issues in the light of Scripture. Nor has any of his contemporaries had so much direct influence upon the subsequent history of the world. He transformed a land of barbarians into one of the most hard-headly Calvinistic cultures ever to exist, and his doctrines lie at the core of all Protestant revolutionary activity. While he is often considered merely one of Calvin's lieutenants, he was actually a Reformer in his own right. In some respects he was the greatest of them all.' ("John Knox," in The Journal of Christian Reconstruction: Symposium on Puritanism and Law [Vallecito, CA: Chalcedon], Vol. V, No. 2, Winter, 1978-79, p. 194).
    "Furthermore, R.L. Greaves has noted that 'it has even been suggested -- and not altogether without merit -- that Knox was a key link in the development of political ideology that culminated in the American Revolution.' (Theology and Revolution in the Scottish Reformation: Studies in the Thought of John Knox [Grand Rapids, MI: Christian University Press, 1980], p. 156).
    "Moreover, Mason [Roger A. Mason -- compiler], states that this APPEAL [APPELLATION FROM THE SENTENCE PRONOUNCED BY THE BISHOPS AND CLERGY: ADDRESSED TO THE NOBILITY AND ESTATES OF SCOTLAND -- compiler], 'is the most important . . . of Knox's political writings.' (in the Introduction to his compilation of Knox's political writings entitled KNOX: ON REBELLION). [see annotation for KNOX: ON REBELLION elsewhere in this bibliography -- compiler]. It shows in a conclusive manner that Knox wanted a Theonomic Establishment which was careful to 'disapprove, detest, oppose and remove all false worship and all monuments of idolatry' (cf. Westminster Larger Catechism, #108). It also clearly demonstrates that Knox believed in and promoted the continuing binding validity of the Old Testament case laws and the penal sanctions attached to them, including the death penalty.
    "Kevin Reed, in a editor's note, introducing this piece in his newly published SELECTED WRITING OF JOHN KNOX [available on the Puritan Hard Drive. -- compiler], also points out that 'the Westminster Confession provides a distinct echo of Knox, when it states that the magistrate ""hath authority, and it is his duty, to take order, that unity and peace be preserved in the church, that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, all corruptions and abuses in worship and discipline prevented or reformed, and all the ordinances of God duly settled, administered, and observed"" (Ch. 23:3, original wording). One secular historian once described Knox as 'Calvin with a sword,' making one wonder if he had not just been reading this very book. For 'where Calvin merely permitted disobedience to an ungodly ruler or immoral law, Knox championed armed rebellion -- a type of Calvinism that made religious revolution in Scotland possible.' (Christian History, Issue 46, p. 35). This is the best of the best; don't miss it!" -- Publisher
    Knox, John, Appellation From the Sentence Pronounced by the Bishops and Clergy: Addressed to the Nobility and Estates of Scotland
    This is a character scan (OCR) of the modernized text published by Protestant Heritage Press. While text may be cut and pasted it is subject to copyright.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualNLs/appellat.htm
    The Works of John Knox (1846), Vol. 4.
    http://archive.org/stream/worksjohnknox07laingoog#page/n4/mode/2up
    Reformation, Revolution and Romanism (1558), John Knox, MP3 file.
    "This has been called John Knox's most important political writing. It also deals with Romanism, God's law, and much more.
    http://www.sermonaudio.com/sermoninfo.asp?currSection=sermonssource&sermonID=1030075041
    See also:
    Goodman, Christopher (1520-1603), How Superior Powers ought to be Obeyed of Their Subjects: And Wherein They may Lawfully by God's Word be Disobeyed and Resisted, 1558. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #26. Available (HOW SUPERIOR POWERS OUGHT TO BE OBEYED), on the Library of Presbyterian Heritage Publications and Protestant Heritage Press CD-ROM Library.
    "From 1555 to 1558, Christopher Goodman served as co-pastor, with John Knox, of the congregation of English exiles in Geneva. During the course of his ministry, Goodman preached upon Acts 4:19 and 5:29: 'Whether it be right in the sight of God, to obey you rather than God, judge ye. We ought rather to obey God than men'. . . . In this book, Goodman contends against both ecclesiastical and political tyranny." -- Publisher
    How Superior Powers Ought to be Obeyed of Their Subjects
    http://www.constitution.org/cmt/goodman/obeyed.htm
    See also annotation for:
    Knox, John (1505-1572), The History of the Reformation of Religion Within the Realm of Scotland. . . . Together With the Life of the Author, and Several Curious Pieces Wrote by him, . . . By the Reverend Mr. John Knox, . . . To Which is Added, I. An Admonition to England and Scotland . . . BY Antoni Gilby. II. The First and Second Books of Discipline, Glasgow, 1761. Alternate title: THE HISTORIE OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND CONTAINING FIVE BOOKS: TOGETHER WITH SOME TREATISES CONDUCING TO THE HISTORY. EDITED, WITH A LIFE OF KNOX AND A PREFACE, BY DAVID BUCHANAN. INCLUDES: "THE APPELLATION OF JOHN KNOX, FROM THE . . . SENTENCE PRONOUNCED AGAINST HIM (pp. 1-33); "THE ADMONITION OF JOHN KNOX TO HIS BELOVED BRETHREN THE COMMONALTY OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 34-42); "A FAITHFULL ADMONITION MADE BY JOHN KNOX TO THE TRUE PROFESSORS OF THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST WITHIN THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND, 1554" (pp. 43-79); "THE COPIE OF A LETTER DELIVERED TO QUEEN MARY, REGENT OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 80-97); AND "A SERMON PREACHED BY JOHN KNOX [AUGUST 19, 1565]," ISBN: 0851513581 9780851513584. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.

    Knox, John (1505-1572), The History of the Reformation of Religion Within the Realm of Scotland. . . . Together with the life of the author, and several curious pieces wrote by him, . . . By the Reverend Mr. John Knox, . . . To which is added, I. An admonition to England and Scotland . . . by Antoni Gilby. II. The first and second books of discipline, Glasgow, 1761. Alternate title: THE HISTORIE OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND CONTAINING FIVE BOOKS: TOGETHER WITH SOME TREATISES CONDUCING TO THE HISTORY. EDITED, WITH A LIFE OF KNOX AND A PREFACE, BY DAVID BUCHANAN. INCLUDES: "THE APPELLATION OF JOHN KNOX, FROM THE . . . SENTENCE PRONOUNCED AGAINST HIM (pp. 1-33); "THE ADMONITION OF JOHN KNOX TO HIS BELOVED BRETHREN THE COMMONALTY OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 34-42); "A FAITHFULL ADMONITION MADE BY JOHN KNOX TO THE TRUE PROFESSORS OF THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST WITHIN THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND, 1554" (pp. 43-79); "THE COPIE OF A LETTER DELIVERED TO QUEEN MARY, REGENT OF SCOTLAND" (pp. 80-97); AND "A SERMON PREACHED BY JOHN KNOX [AUGUST 19, 1565]," ISBN: 0851513581 9780851513584. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.

    Knox, John (1505-1572), John Knox Debates Theonomy, Idolatry, and Civil Resistance in the General Assembly of 1564. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.

    Lambert, Frank, The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America, ISBN: 0691088292 9780691088297 9780691126029 069112602X.
    "How did the United States, founded as colonies with explicitly religious aspirations, come to be the first modern state whose commitment to the separation of church and state was reflected in its constitution? Frank Lambert explains why this happened, offering in the process a synthesis of American history from the first British arrivals through Thomas Jefferson's controversial presidency. Lambert recognizes that two sets of spiritual fathers defined the place of religion in early America: what Lambert calls the Planting Fathers, who brought Old World ideas and dreams of building a 'City upon a Hill,' and the Founding Fathers, who determined the constitutional arrangement of religion in the new republic. While the former proselytized the 'one true faith,' the latter emphasized religious freedom over religious purity. Lambert locates this shift in the mid-eighteenth century. In the wake of evangelical revival, immigration by new dissenters, and population expansion, there emerged a marketplace of religion characterized by sectarian competition, pluralism, and widened choice. During the American Revolution, dissenters found sympathetic lawmakers who favored separating church and state, and the free marketplace of religion gained legal status as the Founders began the daunting task of uniting thirteen disparate colonies. To avoid discord in an increasingly pluralistic and contentious society, the Founders left the religious arena free of government intervention save for the guarantee of free exercise for all. Religious people and groups were also free to seek political influence, ensuring that religion's place in America would always be a contested one, but never a state-regulated one." -- Publisher

    Lilburne, John (1614-1657), and Richard Overton, An Vnhappy Game at Scotch and English, or A Full Answer From England to the Papers of Scotland: Wherein Their Scotch Mists and Their Fogs; Their sayings and gaine-sayings; their juglings, their windings and turnings; hither and thither, backwards and forwards, and forwards and backwards again; their breach of Covenant, Articles, and treaty, their King-craft present design, against the two houses of Parliament, and people of England, their plots and intents for usurpation and government over us and our children detected, discovered, and presented to the view of the world, as a dreadfull omen, all-arme, and warning to the kingdome of England.

    *Lloyd-Jones, D. Martyn (1899-1981), The Christian and the State: A Look at Contemporary Issues in the Light of Romans 13, 3 audio files.

    *Loane, Marcus L., Makers of Religious Freedom in the Seventeenth Century: Henderson, Rutherford, Bunyan, Baxter.
    "Students of church and state will appreciate this book because it narrates the vigorous struggle for religious freedom on the part of Alexander Henderson and Samuel Rutherford in Scotland, and John Bunyan and Richard Baxter in England." -- Cyril J. Barber

    Long, Thomas (1621-1707), A Compendious History of all the Popish and Fanatical Plots and Conspiracies Against the Established Government in Church and State in England, Scotland, and Ireland from the first year of Qu. Eliz. reign to this present year 1684 with seasonable remarks / Tho. Long. Alternate title: THE INTRIGUES OF THE PAPISTS AND FANATICKS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION ESTABLISHED HISTORICALLY RELATED, 1684.

    Love, Christopher, Short and Plaine Animadversions on Some Passages in Mr. Dels Sermon First Preached Before the Honourable House of Commons on Novemb. 25. 1646. But since printed without their order: Setting forth the many dangerous and destructive assertions therein both to church and state, the covenant, and the reformation so much desired. Together with an answer to an unlicensed pamphlet annext to the sermon, entituled, A reply to Master Loves Contradictions.

    Lyall, Francis, Of Presbyters and Kings: Church and State in the law of Scotland, 1980, ISBN: 0080257151 9780080257150.

    Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1977.

    Macleod, John (1872-1948), Calvin's Idea of the Church in its Bearing on our History.

    Marshall, Stephen (1594?-1655), A Sermon Preached to the two Houses of Parliament, at Their Solemn Meeting to Praise God for his Infinite Mercy in the Restoring of the Said Houses of Parliament to Their Honor and Freedome With so Little Effusion of Blood: at the Abbey-Church in Westminster, Aug. 12. 1647. By Stephen Marshall, 1647.

    Marshall, Stephen (1594?-1655), and Giles Firmin (1614-1697), The Power of the Civil Magistrate in Matters of Religion Vindicated: The Extent of his Power Determined in a Sermon Preached Before the First Parliament on a Monthly Fast day / by Mr. Stephen Marshall / published by G. Firmin, with notes upon the sermon, 1657.

    *Matthews, Steven T., The Fed, Fiat Currency, and Feckless Keynesian Economics
    The creation of the Fed [The Federal Reserve -- compiler], is "the most tragic blunder ever committed by Congress. The day it [the Federal Reserve Act of 1913] was passed, old America died and a new era began. A new institution was born that was to cause, or greatly contribute to, the unprecedented economic instability in the decades to come." -- Hans F. Sennholz in Money and Freedom, quoted in End the Fed, p. 23
    The Fed, Fiat Currency, and Feckless Keynesian Economics, Steven T. Matthews
    http://www.trinityfoundation.org/journal.php?id=316

    *McMillan (M'Millan), II, John (1729-1808), and John Thorburn (Minister of the Gospel 1730?-1788), Vindiciae Magistratus: or, The Divine Institution and Right of the Civil Magistrate Vindicated: Wherein are Properly Stated and Ascertained The True Nature and Extent of the Moral Power of Civil Society and Magistracy, Legislative and Executive; The Just Instituted Authority of Magistrates; The Inviolableness of Just Human Laws and Constitutions in General, and Particularly Those of Scotland; The Natural and Unalienable Rights of Individuals in, or With Respect of Civil Society; And, the True Causes From Which a Moral Relation Flows, and Upon Which a Moral Obligation is Founded, &c. Against the truly factious and immoral doctrine of John Thomson (Burgher associate), minister of the Gospel at Donagbhclony in Ireland, now at Kirkintilloch near Glasgow, maintained in his pretended confutation of the principles of the reformed presbytery, in a pamphlet intituled (sic) The Presbyterian covenanter displayed in his political principles, and the impostor detected. By John Thorburn, minister of the Gospel at Pentland. To which is subjoined, by way of appendix, A vindication of the constitution of the reformed presbytery, and of the character, ministerial mission and authority of the Rev. Mr. John M'Millan Senior [McMillan I, John, 1669?-1753], deceased, from the groundless cavils of Mr. W.W. and Seceders, by his son. The whole being humbly offered as an apologetical representation and defence of the principles of said presbytery, and of their people, commonly known by the names of Old Dissenters, Cameronians, &c. Against the injurious charges and false imputations cast upon them, first by the established Church of Scotland, and then by the Secession. Alternate titles: DIVINE INSTITUTION AND RIGHT OF THE CIVIL MAGISTRATE VINDICATED PRESBYTERIAN-COVENANTER DISPLAYED IN HIS POLITICAL PRINCIPLES, AND THE IMPOSTER DETECTED VINDICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REFORMED PRESBYTERY, and DEFENDING THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN POSITION ON THE CIVIL MAGISTRATE, 1781. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    MacMillan II, John, A Vindication of the Ministerial Authority of John MacMillan I, and of the Reformed Presbytery
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/mcmillan/mcmillan_vindication_mcmillan_1773.html

    MacMillan, III, John, Letter Anent Civil Government and Political Dissent, 1781
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/mcmillan/mcmillan_letter1781.html

    MacPherson, Hector, The Doctrine of the Church in the Scottish Theology, 1903.

    *MacPherson, Hector, Scotland's Battles for Spiritual Independence, 1905.
    "Ably delineates between the quest for power (ecclesiastical as well as political), and a true spirit of independence based upon Biblical principles. Describes the struggle between church and state, and lays justifiable stress upon the far-ranging effects of the battles they fought and won." -- Cyril J. Barber

    Marshall, John Lewis, Natural Law and the Covenant: The Place of Natural Law in the Covenantal Framework of Samuel Rutherford's "Lex, Rex."
    A dissertation. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Theological Seminary, 1995.

    Marshall, Stephen (1594?-1655), A Sermon Preached to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, and Court of Aldermen of the City of London, at Their Anniversary Meeting on Easter Monday April 1652, at the Spittle. Wherein the Unity of the Saints With Christ, the Head, and Especially With the Church, the Body; With the Duties Thence Arising, are Endeavoured to be Cleared. Tending to Heale our Rents and Divisions. The second impression, corrected by the authour. By Stephen Marshal B.D. and minister of the gospel at Finchingfield in Essex, 1652.

    Martin, Hugh (1822-1885), Where Will the Free Church be Found?

    McAllister, David, Constitutionality of the Reading of the Bible in the Public Schools, 1902.

    McAllister, David, The Moral Ends of the State, 1906.

    McAllister, David, The Ultimate Source of the State's Authority.

    *McClure, Alexander D., The First Amendment: A Masterpiece of Satan. Contra Anti-establishmentarianism. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "This article was sent to 278 members of the Canadian Parliament. It debunks the idea that it is right for majorities to determine law through their elected officials in opposition to God's holy law. It also opposes the false theories of human rights found in the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. In short, and in agreement with both the Belgic and Westminster Confessions, it opposes 'the presumption that a government, ordained of God, can be neutral, and can make no law stating that Jesus Christ is King of the Nation, and that it can hold all religions, which are repugnant to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, equal before it'." -- Publisher

    McKay, W.D.J., An Ecclesiastical Republic: Church Government in the Writings of George Gillespie, ISBN: 0946068607 9780946068609.

    McKinney, James, A View of the Rights of God and man in Some Sermons, Matthew 22:21, 1833.

    McLagan, James, Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge, Spiritual Views of the Divine Government: A Sermon Preached Before the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge at Their Anniversary Meeting in St. Andrew's Church, Edinburgh, on Thursday, June 2, 1831.

    McMaster (M'Master), Gilbert (1778-1854), Moral Character of Civil Government: Considered With Reference to the Political Institutions of the United States, in Four Letters, 1832.
    http://archive.org/details/moralcharacterc00mcmagoog

    *M'Crie (McCrie), Thomas (1772-1835), Brief View of the Evidence for the Exercise of Civil Authority About Religion. Available in STATEMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROFESSION OF THE REFORMED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, AS ADOPTED BY SECEDERS, AND THE PROFESSION CONTAINED IN THE NEW TESTIMONY AND OTHER ACTS, LATELY ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSOCIATE SYNOD, Section VII. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available (STATEMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE), on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (STATEMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE), on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    "M'Crie published at Edinburgh in 1807 a helpful discussion of the biblical evidence for an obligation of nations and their civil rulers to give recognition to the true religion. His book is a protest against the church in which he was ordained, and which subsequently departed from the principles it had espoused: STATEMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROFESSION OF THE REFORMED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, AS ADOPTED BY SECEDERS, AND THE PROFESSION CONTAINED IN THE NEW TESTIMONY AND OTHER ACTS, LATELY ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSOCIATE SYNOD. It has often been regarded as the best presentation of the confessional point of view respecting a national acknowledgment of religion. Churches formed after M'Crie's death found their conflicts over church principles defined in his literary output." -- Publisher
    Brief View of the Evidence for the Exercise of Civil Authority About Religion
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-exercise-of-civil-authority-about-religion.php

    *M'Crie, Thomas (1772-1835), Statement of the Difference . . . Particularly on the Power of Civil Magistrates Respecting Religion, National Reformation, National Churches, and National Covenants, 1871. Alternate title: STATEMENT OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROFESSION OF THE REFORMED CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, AS ADOPTED BY SECEDERS, AND THE PROFESSION CONTAINED IN THE NEW TESTIMONY AND OTHER ACTS LATELY ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSOCIATE SYNOD. A Christian classic. Considered to be among the ten greatest books in the English language. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25.
    " 'The ablest exposition in the English language of the Establishment Principle . . . Dr. (George) Smeaton describes the Statement as a masterly defense of the principles of establishments as Scripture truth: and the most complete vindication ever given to the world of the position occupied by the Reformed Church of Scotland, on the whole subject of national religion and the magistrates legitimate power in promoting it. 'The same thoroughness,' wrote the late Rev. D. Beaton, 'which gave such abiding value to his great biography of Knox, is shown in this, his less known work . . . Dr. McCrie in his STATEMENT shows that all the Confessions of the Protestant and Presbyterian Churches of the Reformation, both in Britain and on the Continent of Europe, held and maintained the Establishment Principle. 'These harmoniously agree,' he writes, 'in declaring as with one mouth that civil authority is not limited to the secular affairs of men, and that the public care and advancement of religion is a principle part of the official duty of magistrates.' He goes on to give extracts from THE CONFESSION OF HELVETIA; THE CONFESSION OF BOHEMIA; THE CONFESSION OF SAXONY; THE FRENCH CONFESSION; THE BELGIC OR DUTCH CONFESSION; THE CONFESSION OF THE ENGLISH CONGREGATION IN GENEVA; THE SCOTS CONFESSION AND THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH (1646). 'Such is the harmony of doctrine in the Protestant churches on this head,' he remarks, 'expressed in their confessions and public formularies drawn from the Word of God; a harmony which deserves great attention, and from which none should rashly depart' (as cited in CHRIST'S KINGSHIP OVER THE NATIONS by C.J. Brown). Concerning the doctrine of national obedience to Christ, M'Crie demonstrates in the most convincing way that there are few doctrines 'of the practical kind, in which the best interests of mankind and the general state of religion in the world, are more deeply concerned, than in the right and wrong determination of this question.' Contains an excellent preface by George Smeaton. Considered one of the definitive works on Church/State relations, defending the historic Reformed position. An extremely rare and very expensive item if located as a rare book." -- Publisher
    Brief View of the Evidence for the Exercise of Civil Authority About Religion
    http://www.westminsterconfession.org/a-godly-society/the-exercise-of-civil-authority-about-religion.php

    *McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander (1774-1833), Messiah: Governor of the Nations of the Earth: A Discourse. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #25. Available (MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH and THE WRITTEN LAW, OR THE LAW OF GOD REVEALED IN THE SCRIPTURES, BY CHRIST AS MEDIATOR; THE RULE OF DUTY TO CHRISTIAN NATIONS TO CIVIL INSTITUTIONS) at Covenanter.org. Available (the pamphlet, MESSIAH: GOVERNOR OF THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH, which includes THE WRITTEN LAW, OR THE LAW OF GOD REVEALED IN THE SCRIPTURES, BY CHRIST AS MEDIATOR) at Covenanter and Reformed Presbyterian Pamphlets.
    "The doctrine of the Mediatorial Reign of Christ has formed the subject of those principles accounted distinctive to the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Christ's kingship over the nations and the implications of this doctrine will not be popular amongst a people deeply compromised with the spirit of the age. The prescription may seem tough, but the results of centuries of ignoring this doctrine have left the church effete and gutted when it comes to addressing matters concerning church and state relations. In the various modern debates one viewpoint has been left out, and it is the only one which presents a serious and rigorous biblical vision -- the Covenanter position on civil government.
    "In the first discourse, Alexander McLeod explains the biblical basis and the importance of professing that Christ is the head over all nations. McLeod moves from an explanation of what is meant by confessing that Christ rules as Mediator, to a discussion of his administrations as ruler over the nations. Afterward he addresses numerous objections that are raised against the doctrine, in which he explains many finer points respecting Christ's Mediatorial administration.
    "The second discourse, THE WRITTEN LAW, by Dr. James Renwick Willson (1780-1853), takes up a number of matters of great practical concern and application of the doctrine of this Mediatorship over the nations. Willson is particularly concerned with the place of the written law of God in the constitution of civil governments. Willson often courts controversy, and does not shy away from consistency. It is a blueprint for how things ought to be, if we would submit to Christ as a nation." -- Publisher
    McLeod (M'Leod), Alexander, Messiah, Governor of the Nations of the Earth
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/alexander-mcleods-sermon-on-messiah-governor-of-the-nations-of-the-earth
    Willson, James Renwick, The Written Law, or The Law of God Revealed in the Scriptures, by Christ as Mediator; The Rule of Duty to Christian Nations to Civil Institutions
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/james-r-willsons-sermon-on-the-written-law
    Covenanter and Reformed Presbyterian Pamphlets
    http://www.covenanter.org/pamphlets/

    *McWard (M'Ward), Robert (1633-1687), A Covenanter's Response to Wicked Rulers in Church and State (and Unjust Taxation), Containing Some Comforting Words to Those who are Suffering at the Hand of These Beasts, for the Sake of Christ and Truth. A collection of tracts including: BANDERS DISBANDED; THE POOR MAN'S CUP OF COLD WATER; A TESTIMONY AGAINST PAYING OF CESS TO THE PERSECUTORS. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #26.

    McWard (M'Ward), Robert (1633-1687), The Poor Man's cup of Cold-water: Ministered to the Saints and Sufferers for Christ in Scotland who are Amidst the Scorching Flames of the Fiery Trial, 1676. Available in A COVENANTER'S RESPONSE TO WICKED RULERS IN CHURCH AND STATE (AND UNJUST TAXATION), CONTAINING SOME COMFORTING WORDS TO THOSE WHO ARE SUFFERING AT THE HAND OF THESE BEASTS, FOR THE SAKE OF CHRIST AND TRUTH. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    McWard (M'Ward), Robert, A Poor Man's cup of Cold Water Ministered to the Saints and Sufferers for Christ in Scotland, who are Amidst the Scorching Flames of the Fiery Trial
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/robert-mwards-a-poor-mans-cup-of-cold-water-ministered-to-the-saints-and-sufferers-for-christ-in-scotland-who-are-amidst-the-scorching-flames-of-the-fiery-trial
    Poor Man's cup of Cold Water
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/covenants/coldwater.html

    Miller, Darrow L., and Stan Guthrie, Discipling Nations: The Power of Truth to Transform Cultures, ISBN: 1576580156 9781576580158.
    "In DISCIPLING NATIONS, Darrow Miller walks us through the ever-unfolding nature of the relationship between God and man-the Scriptures-revealing a very clear, evidential and logical Development Ethic that can only be understood, and therefore, realized, in the context of the Biblical worldview. Unveiling the other prevailing worldviews, Miller exposes the inevitable implications and consequences they have on human development and boldly builds a case for intolerance of these lies -- lies that impoverish individual souls and entire nations.
    "Having implications not only upon Relief and Development, DISCIPLING NATIONS is a must-read for every Christian! Pastors, Counselors, Educators, Scientists, Mathematicians, Physicists, Astronomers and Technologists, as well as Christian Fundamentalists and Apologist, can all derive benefit from the continuity and comprehensiveness of this book. I think they will find many ground-breaking, certainly thought-provoking, and, hopefully, transformational, Truths and ideas, that, to this point, and for many reasons, have not yet had the impact that God intended on their lives and/or their vocations. Such has been the case for me. For others, especially those already engaged in Relief and Development work, it will be controversial -- challenging their worldviews and calling for the transformation of their own minds before even considering developing others." -- Reader's Comment

    *Moore, Joseph S., Founding Sins: How a Group of Antislavery Radicals Fought to put Christ Into the Constitution, ISBN: 9780190269241 0190269243. Alternate title: THE FAILURE TO FOUND A CHRISTIAN NATION: COVENANTERS AND THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC, TRACES THE COVENANTERS' POLITICAL ROOTS FROM SCOTLAND TO THE NEW WORLD.
    "The Covenanters, now mostly forgotten, were America's first Christian nationalists. For two centuries they decried the fact that, in their view, the United States was not a Christian nation because slavery was in the Constitution but Jesus was not. Having once ruled Scotland as a part of a Presbyterian coalition, they longed to convert America to a holy Calvinist vision in which church and state united to form a godly body politic. Their unique story has largely been submerged beneath the histories of the events in which they participated and the famous figures with whom they interacted, making them the most important religious movement in American history that no one remembers.
    "Despite being one of North America's smallest religious sects, the Covenanters found their way into every major revolt. They were God's rebels -- just as likely to be Patriots against Britain as they were to be Whiskey Rebels against the federal government. As the nation's earliest and most avowed abolitionists, they had a significant influence on the fight for emancipation. In Founding Sins, Joseph S. Moore examines this forgotten history, and explores how Covenanters profoundly shaped American's understandings of the separation of church and state.
    "While modern arguments about America's Christian founding usually come from the right, the Covenanters have a more complicated legacy. They fought for an explicitly Christian America in the midst of what they saw as a secular state that failed the test of Christian nationhood. But they did so on behalf of a cause -- abolition -- that is traditionally associated with the left. Though their attempts to insert God into the Constitution ultimately failed, Covenanters set the acceptable limits for religion in politics for generations to come. . . .
    "Joseph S. Moore is Assistant Professor of History at Gardner-Webb University in North Carolina. His work has appeared in The New York Times and various scholarly journals." -- Publisher
    "The facts recorded in this book should have been common knowledge in our schools. The book helps complete the history of early colonial America, which has been censored in public education. Christians should be familiar with the names of Samuel Rutherford and George Gillespie. Their followers, Alexander McLeod and James R. Willson, though less known, did repeat the same Christian message, to wit: Jesus Christ is King of Kings, Lord of Lords, and, per Isaiah 60:12, For the nation and kingdom that will not serve Thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted. So, it is imperative for any nation's survival to recognize Jesus Christ, as did many of the Colonial Charters and State Constitutions.
    "This books traces that struggle and attempt by Christians to do just that. In a way, our current situation is a big 'I told you so' for the early colonial Christians. In the name of toleration, sin is tolerated. We are committing national suicide, slowly. The people discussed in this book point out a better alternative." -- Reader's Comment

    *Morey, Robert, The new Atheism and the Erosion of Freedom, ISBN: 0875523625 9780875523620.
    "Exposes the godless suppression of religious freedom today and presents effective ways to convert atheists to Christ. In case you have not noticed atheism/secular humanism is gaining ground. Are you grounded in what these philosophies teach? Can you refute them? Dr. Morey will show you how." -- GCB
    The American Atheist Union has said this is the most dangerous book ever written about religion.
    Includes bibliography.

    Muirhead, John. Dissertations on the Federal Transactions Between God and his Church, both before and since the canon of scripture was completed. By John Muirhead, . . . 1782.

    *Murray, Iain, The Reformation of the Church: A Collection of Reformed and Puritan Documents on Church Issues, ISBN: 085151118X 9780851511184.
    "First published in 1965 and once again available. Documents are drawn largely from the 16th and 17th centuries and presents the finest thinking of the fathers on authority and freedom, the need for reformation, the nature of the government, unity, and membership of the Church of Jesus Christ." -- GCB

    Napolitano, Andrew P., and Ron Paul (foreword), Lies the Government Told You: Myth, Power, and Deception in American History, ISBN: 9781595552662 1595552669.
    "Centuries of government deception have suspended our freedom and replaced it with a mythology rich in the ideals we are promised but do not actually experience.
    "The government's lies have become our country's heritage, passed down generationally and accepted over time as status quo. We allow our leaders to regulate, under false pretenses, every area of our supposedly free lives: What we eat, how our money is spent, how we protect ourselves. The basic tenets of living in a free society -- the primacy of the individual and limited government -- are violated routinely and with little objection from those most affected.
    "Judge Napolitano traces the deterioration of American freedom year by year, event by event, from the birth of the U.S. government to the economic and military crises of today. He illustrates how this distorted interpretation of government translates to loss for Americans -- loss of life, loss of property, loss of freedom. The cost is staggering.
    "Amid the bleak revelation is a call to action. Judge Napolitano offers a blueprint to salvage our freedom and restore the government to its intended role as an instrument to protect the freedoms of the people." -- Publisher

    National Association to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, Proceedings of the National Convention to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States: Held in Cincinnati, Jan. 31 and Feb. 1, 1872: With an Account of the Origin and Progress of the Movement.

    National Convention to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, Proceedings of the National Convention to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States: Held in New York, Feb. 26 and 27, 1873: With an Account of the Origin and Progress of the Movement, 1873.
    http://archive.org/details/proceedingsofn00nati

    National Association to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, Proceedings of the National Convention to Secure the Religious Amendment of the Constitution of the United States: Held in Pittsburgh, Feb. 4,5, 1874: With an Account of the Origin and Progress of the Movement.

    National Reform Association, Is the United States a Christian Nation? 1907.

    Newcome, William, A Comparison Between the Doctrines of Christianity and Those of Popery With Regard to Civil Government. A Sermon Preached in Christ-Church, Dublin; on Friday October XXIII, MDCCLXVII. Being the anniversary of the Irish rebellion. . . . By William Lord Bishop of Dromore.

    Nixon, William, The King of Nations and the Duty of Earthly Rulers to His Truth and Kingdom: A Sermon Preached Before the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland.

    *North, Gary, Political Polytheism: The Myth of Pluralism, ISBN: 093046432X 9780930464325.
    "Political pluralism is not simply a political philosophy; it is a theology. This theology teaches that there must never be a nation that identifies itself with any religion." -- Publisher
    "This book presents a new vision of politics and a new vision of America, a vision self-consciously tied to the Bible. . . . Dr. North, a trained historian, seeks to lead us from this downward spiral to full recovery." -- GCB
    Institute for Christian Economics Freebooks.com
    http://www.garynorth.com/freebooks/

    North, Gary, Tools of Dominion: The Case Laws of Exodus, ISBN: 0930464109 9780930464103.
    Regarding Article VI, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, "the Framers knew that religious oaths were required for testifying in local and state courts. They knew that religious oaths were sometimes required for exercising the franchise in state elections, but they made it clear: Federal jurisdiction is governed by another covenant, and therefore by another god. It is therefore a rival system of hierarchy. It is not a complementary system of courts; it is a rival system, for an oath to the God of the Bible is prohibited by law in one of those hierarchies." -- Gary North in Appendix H: "Selling the Birthright: The Ratification of the U.S. Constitution," pages 1190-1216.
    Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
    Gary North, Freebooks.com
    http://www.garynorth.com/freebooks/

    *Nye, Philip (1596-1672), An Exhortation to the Taking of the Solemne League and Covenant for Reformation and Defence of Religion, the Honor and Happinesse of the King, and the Peace and Safety of the Three Kingdomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

    *Owen, John (1616-1683), The Advantage of the Kingdome of Christ, in the Shaking of the Kingdoms of the World: or, Providential Alterations, in Their Subserviencie to Christ's Exaltation. Opened in a sermon preached to the Parliament, Octob. 24. 1651. A solemn day of thanksgiving for the destruction of the Scots army at Worcester, with sundry other mercies; by John Owen, minister of the Gospel, 1652. Alternate title: THE ADVANTAGE OF THE KINGDOM OF CHRIST, IN THE SHAKING OF THE KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.

    Owen, John (1616-1683), Truth and Innocence Vindicated in a Survey of a Discourse Concerning Ecclesiastical Polity, and the Authority of the Civil Magistrate Over the Consciences of Subjects in Matters of Religion, 1669.

    Palmer, B.M., Influence of Religious Belief Upon National Character: An Oration Delivered Before the Demosthenian and Phi Kappa Societies of the University of Georgia, August 7, 1845.

    Parker, Samuel (1640-1688), A Discourse of Ecclesiastical Politie Wherein the Authority of the Civil Magistrate . . . is Asserted, the mischiefs and inconveniences of toleration are represented, and all pretenses pleaded in behalf of liberty of conscience are fully answered, 1671.

    *Parliament, The First Parliament During the Reign of James VI of Scotland, Christ's Triumphant Entry Into Scotland; Or, The Subjugation of the People, Laws, Liberties, and Crown of Scotland to His Supreme Majesty Jesus Christ, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords; Being, The Complete Text of all of the Acts of the First Parliament During the Reign of James VI of Scotland.
    He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law. (Isaiah 42:4)
    The LORD reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad thereof. (Psalm 97:1)
    And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday. (Psalm 37:6)
    http://truecovenanter.com/official/acts_of_parliament_scotland_james_vi_p01.phtml
    See: Skene, John, THE LAVVES AND ACTES OF PARLIAMENT, MAID BE KING IAMES THE FIRST, AND HIS SUCCESSOURS KINGES OF SCOTLAND.

    Paul, John (1777-1848), The Power of the Civil Magistrate, in Matters of Religion; A Letter to the Editor of the Belfast News-Letter, 1831.

    Peck, Joseph E., Soul Problems, With Other Papers, 1875.
    Subject: Church and State.

    Percy, Eustace, John Knox, 1964.

    Price, Greg L., The Preface and Bibliography to the Rare Bound Photocopy: The Duty and Perpetual Obligation of Social Covenanting. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available in THE DUTY AND PERPETUAL OBLIGATION OF SOCIAL COVENANTING.
    http://www.swrb.com/newslett/actualnls/Pref&Bib.htm

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Andrew Symington (editor), Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #18.
    "Contents: Second Reformation / Andrew Symington
    Headship of Christ Over His church / James Ferguson
    Evils, Constitutional and Practical of the Prelatic Establishment of the British Empire / Thomas Neilson
    The Revolution Settlement of the Church of Scotland / John Graham
    Patronage Opposed to the Independence of the Church and to the Scriptural Rights of Christian people / W.H. Goold
    Headship of Christ Over the Nations / Andrew Symington
    Nature and Obligation of Public Vows / William Symington
    The sin and Danger of Union Between the Church of Christ and the Immoral or Anti-Christian Civil Government / Stewart Bates."
    Lectures on the Principles of the Second Reformation
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2015/8/18/the-reformed-presbyterian-churchs-of-scotland-lectures-on-the-principles-of-the-second-reformation

    *Reformed Presbyterian Church (Scotland), Synod, Claims of the Divine Government Applied to the British Constitution and the use of the Elective Franchise: Vindicating the Authority of Messiah Against the Encroachments of Antichristian Power. Prepared and Published by Direction of the Reformed Presbyterian Synod in Scotland.

    *Reformed Presbytery, Auchensaugh Renovation of the National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant; With the Acknowledgement of sins and Engagement to Duties as They Were Renewed at Auchensaugh in 1712 . . . Also the Renovation of These Public Federal Deeds Ordained at Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1880, by the Reformed Presbytery, With Accommodation of the Original Covenants, in Both Transactions, to Their Times and Positions Respectively, 1880 edition. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2, #25, #30.
    " 'In 1712, at Auchensaugh, the Covenants, National and Solemn League, were renewed . . . At the renewal the covenant bonds were recognized as binding the descendants of those who first entered into those bonds. The Covenanters, however, sought to display the true intent of those Covenants with marginal notes. These notes explained that the Church of Jesus Christ, in Scotland (and around the world), must not join hands with any political power in rebellion to the crown rights of King Jesus. The Covenanters pledged the Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Church to the support of lawful magistracy (i.e. magistracy which conformed itself to the precepts of God's Word), and declared themselves and their posterity against support of any power, in Church or State, which lacked biblical authority.' (From 'About the Covenanted Reformed Presbyterian Church' P.O. Box 131, Pottstown, PA 19464). An excellent introduction (historical and moral), regarding the reasons, motives and manner of fulfilling the duty of covenanting with God. Especially helpful concerning the Biblical view of the blessings (for covenant-keepers), and cursings (for covenant breakers), related to covenanting. As noted on page 37, 'the godly usually in times of great defection from the purity and power of religion, and corruption of the ordinances of God's worship, set about renewing their covenant, thereby to prevent covenant curses, and procure covenant blessing; as we find both in scripture record, 2 Chron. 15:12-13 [2 Chronicles 15:12-13]; 29:10 [2 Chronicles 29:10]; 34:30-31 [2 Chronicles 34:30-31]; Ezra 10:3, and in our own ecclesiastical history.' Times like ours certainly call for a revival of the Scriptural ordinance of covenanting, for 'the nations throughout Christendom, continue in league with Antichrist and give their strength to the beast. They still refuse to profess and defend the true religion in doctrine, worship, government and discipline, contrary to the example of the kingdoms of Scotland, England and Ireland in the seventeenth century'." -- Publisher
    McMillan, John, I (1669?-1753), Renovation of Covenants, Auchensaugh
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/19/renovation-of-covenants-auchensaugh-1712
    Price, Greg L., The Auchensaugh Renovation, 2 audio cassettes [audio file]. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive.
    "This is the story of the renewal of the National and Solemn League and Covenant, which took place under the leadership of John Macmillan (cf. The Cameronian Apostle by Reid), at Auchensaugh, July 24, 1712. Events leading up to this renewal are especially pertinent, as they expose the Satanic tactics which often become most useful to the devil in attacking all revivals and those seeking to return to covenanted attainments. Price notes how Cromwell's tolerationism opened the floodgates of iniquity and helped pave the way (though not intended by the covenant breaking Cromwellians), for the tyranny of Charles II. This set the stage for the corrupted and defective revolution of 1688 and the malignant Revolution church, which left the Covenanted Reformation buried under the debris of William's Erastianism, Prelacy (in England and Ireland), and the compromised Presbyterianism of the Revolution Church in Scotland (cf. Clarkson's Plain Reasons for Presbyterians Dissenting from the Revolution Church of Scotland; this Revolution church was the root of much modern day Presbyterian defection and this book still eloquently denounces this defection). The Auchensaugh Renovation cleared away all the Reformation denying rubbish that had accumulated from 1649 to 1712, and 'being agreeable to the Word of God' became part of the terms of communion of the Reformed Presbyterian church on Nov. 3, 1712 (cf. Terms of Ministerial and Christian Communion in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, point 4 of 6). It is also interesting to note that at the Lord's Supper (on July 27, 1712), following this covenant renewal, Macmillan, in 'fencing the tables' proclaimed, 'I excommunicate and debar from this Holy Table of the Lord, all devisers, commanders, users, or approvers, of any religious worship not instituted by God in His Word, all tolerators and countenancers thereof; and by consequence I debar and excommunicate from this Holy Table of the Lord, Queen and Parliament, and all under them, who spread and propagate or tolerate a false and superstitious worship, ay, and until they repent.' Furthermore, concerning those who opposed the covenants and the work of reformation, Macmillan trumpeted these faithful words, 'I excommunicate and debar all who are opposers of our Covenants and Covenanted Reformation, and all that have taken oaths contrary to our covenants, and such particularly as are takers of the Oath of Abjuration, whether Ministers or others, until they repent.' (Reformed Presbytery, The Auchensaugh Renovation . . . p. 55). Beyond the fascinating and detailed story of the history and reasons for the Auchensaugh renovation of the covenants, these studies also clearly and biblically explain the continuing obligation to renew lawful covenants, makes application to our day, and demonstrates how covenanting was foundational to the Second Reformation. A fine (and unique), set of tapes defending the attainments of our Covenanted Reformation! For more information see our bound photocopy The Auchensaugh Renovation . . . by the Reformed Presbytery." -- Publisher
    The Reformed Presbytery, The Auchensaugh Renovation of the National Covenant and: Solemn League and Covenant With the Acknowledgment of Sins and Engagement to Duties, as They Were Renewed at Auchensaugh, Near Douglas, July 24, 1712. (Compared With the Editions of Paisley, 1820, and Belfast, 1835). Also, The Renovation of These Public Federal Deeds Ordained at Philadelphia, October 8, 1880, by the Reformed Presbytery, with Accommodation of the Original Covenants, in Both Transactions, to Their Times and Positions Respectively
    http://archive.org/details/theauchensaughre12381gut

    *Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite," David Steele (1803-1887), John Thorburn (1730?-1788), John Courtass (d. 1795), et al., Act, Declaration, and Testimony, for the Whole of the Covenanted Reformation, as Attained to, and Established in, Britain and Ireland; Particularly Betwixt the Years 1638 and 1649, Inclusive. As, Also, Against all the Steps of Defection From Said Reformation, Whether in Former or Later Times, Since the Overthrow of that Glorious Work, Down to This Present day (1876), (Philadelphia, PA: Printed by Rue and Jones, 1876), a new edition of the Ploughlandhead Testimony of 1761, the subordinate standard of the original "Steelite" Reformed Presbytery that was constitutes in 1840. Available (the 1850 edition only) on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available (the 1850 edition only) on Reformation Bookshelf CD #1.
    "And now, when time has proved that more recent Testimonies, Terms, and Covenants, have failed to preserve either unity or uniformity among those who framed them; it cannot be unseasonable to re-exhibit the original ACT, DECLARATION, AND TESTIMONY, which has been justly characterized as 'the most profoundly reasoned document ever emitted by the Reformed Presbyterian Church'." -- The Reformation Advocate Magazine, Vol. I, No. 8, December, 1875, page 267
    "Upholds the original work of the Westminster Assembly and testifies to the abiding worth and truth formulated in the Westminster family of documents. Upholds and defends the Crown Rights of King Jesus in Church and State, denouncing those who would remove the crown from Christ's head by denying His right to rule (by His law), in both the civil and ecclesiastical spheres. Testifies to the received doctrine, government, worship, and discipline of the Church of Scotland in her purest (reforming) periods. Applies God's Word to the Church's corporate attainments 'with a judicial approbation of the earnest contendings and attainments of the faithful, and a strong and pointed judicial condemnation of error and the promoters thereof.' (The Contending Witness magazine, Dec. 17/93, p. 558). Shows the church's great historical victories (such as the National and Solemn League and Covenant, leading to the Westminster Assembly), and exposes her enemies actions (e.g. the Prelacy of Laud; the Independency, sectarianism, covenant breaking and ungodly toleration set forth by the likes of Cromwell [and the Independents that conspired with him]; the Erastianism and civil sectarianism of William of Orange, etc.). It is not likely that you will find a more consistent working out of the principles of Calvinism anywhere. Deals with the most important matters relating to the individual, the family, the church and the state. Sets forth a faithful historical testimony of God's dealings with men during some of the most important days of church history. A basic text that should be mastered by all Christians." -- Publisher
    Act, Declaration, and Testimony (1876)
    https://archive.org/details/actdeclarationte00refo

    *Reformed Presbytery of North America "Steelite" (David Steele [1803-1887], James Campbell, Thomas Sproull, James Fulton), A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, 2nd Edition, Revised, and Enlarged by a Committee of the Reformed Presbytery ("Circular" and "Review" prefixed), 1879, 50 pages. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Also available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #2 (also #1, #25, and #30).
    "Until the church comes to terms with what is written in this book it will remain weak and divided. Covenant breakers will not prosper, as this rare item demonstrates from both Scripture and history. The power packed ordinance of covenanting (the National and Solemn League and Covenant in particular), was foundational to the Second Reformation and the work of the Westminster Assembly. 'By the National Covenant our fathers laid Popery prostrate. By the Solemn League and Covenant they were successful in resisting prelatic encroachments and civil tyranny. By it they were enabled to achieve the Second Reformation . . . They were setting up landmarks by which the location and limits of the city of God will be known at the dawn of the millennial day . . . How can they be said to go forth by the footsteps of the flock, who have declined from the attainments, renounced the covenants and contradicted the testimony of 'the cloud of witnesses. . . . All the schisms (separations) that disfigure the body mystical of Christ . . . are the legitimate consequences of the abandonment of reformation attainments, the violation of covenant engagements.' If you are interested in knowing how to recognize a faithful church (or state), when and why to separate from unfaithful institutions, who has held up the standard of Covenanted Reformation attainments and who has backslidden (and why), what it means to subscribe to the Westminster Confession (1646), (and why most that say they do so today do not have any idea of what that means), and much more concerning individual, family, church and civil, individual, family, church and civil duties, this is one of the best books you will ever lay your hands on. It chronicles 'some instances of worldly conformity and mark(s) some steps of defection from our 'covenanted unity and uniformity,' noting how 'it is necessary to take a retrospect of our history for many years; for we did not all at once reach our present condition of sinful ignorance and manifold apostasy.' Presbyterian and the Reformed churches lay under the heavy hand of God's judgement in our day, because of the very defections noted throughout this fine work. 'We heard (hear) from various quarters the cry, "maintain the truth, stand up for the principles of the Second Reformation"; and yet many of those who are the most loud in uttering this cry, appear desirous to bury in oblivion those imperishable national and ecclesiastical deeds, by which the church and kingdom of Scotland became 'married to the Lord.' Are we married to the Lord, or have we thrown off the covenants of our forefathers; are we the chaste bride of Christ, or a harlot who is found in the bedchambers of every devilish suitor (whether ecclesiastical or civil), who tempts us with the favors of this world? Let us cry out, as with 'the noble Marquis of Argyle, upon the scaffold,' when he said, 'God hath tied us by covenants to religion and reformation. These that were then unborn are yet engaged, and it passeth the power of all the magistrates under heaven to absolve them from the oath of God. They deceive themselves, and it may be, would deceive others, who think otherwise.' Not for the weak of heart." -- Publisher
    A Short Vindication of our Covenanted Reformation, Reformed Presbytery
    http://www.covenanter.org/reformed/2016/4/26/a-short-vindication-of-our-covenanted-reformation

    *Reid, H.M.B., A Cameronian Apostle: Being Some Account of John Macmillan of Balmaghie, 1896. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #30.
    "The author wrote this book 'considering the renewed interest taken at present in questions of Church government and establishment,' noting that 'there seemed to be some room for a detailed treatment of a career which covers so interesting a period as that embraced between 1690 and 1750.' Macmillan is an important historical link to those who still fight for Christ's Crown and Covenant. 'For many years he fought the battle of the Covenants alone, and he fought it on lines of policy and wisdom.' states Reid. Furthermore, the author continues, 'I have tried to indicate his position among the 'Suffering Remnant' by calling him 'a Cameronian Apostle;' for, during the long period of 36 years, he was the sole ordained minister among the scattered congregations of the 'Society' people. The name seems not unfitting, and it receives a certain sanction from the authority of Dr. Cunningham, who styled him the 'high-priest' of the Societies . . . Further, Macmillan's story is also the record of the development of a most interesting side of Scottish Church life. He may be said, indeed, to have made the history of what, at last, became the Reformed Presbyterian Church. This is so true, that that Church long bore the popular name of the 'Macmillanites.' And the name of Macmillan is bound up with more than one congregation still existing.' An important book for those who would trace the backsliding of modern Presbyterianism (the neopresbyterians), and also be encouraged by the remnant of those who remain faithful to the position of the original Covenanters (the paleopresbyterians). This book's 308 pages includes illustrations and a detailed appendix containing important church documents." -- Publisher

    *Renwick, James (1662-1688), Alexander Shields, and Other "Society People," An Informatory Vindication of a Poor, Wasted, Misrepresented Remnant of the Suffering, Anti-prelatic, Anti-erastian . . . 1744. Available on the Puritan Hard Drive. Available on Reformation Bookshelf CD #27.
    "INFORMATORY VINDICATION (1687), a statement of principles issued by the Society People (see Societies, United), during James VII's reign. Prepared mainly by James Renwick, latterly in consultation with Alexander Shields, it was published in Utrecht. Its full title reflects something of the contents: AN INFORMATORY VINDICATION OF A POOR WASTED MISREPRESENTED REMNANT OF THE SUFFERING ANTI-POPISH ANTI-PRELATIC ANTI-ERASTIAN ANTI-SECTARIAN TRUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CHRIST IN SCOTLAND UNITED TOGETHER IN A GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. BY WAY OF REPLY TO VARIOUS ACCUSATIONS IN LETTERS INFORMATIONS AND CONFERENCES GIVEN FORTH AGAINST THEM. It refuted charges brought against the 'Remnant' of schism (in their eyes a great evil) . . . The VINDICATION mourned the estrangement from other Presbyterians who had accepted the government's INDULGENCES OR EDICTS OF TOLERATION, and expressed love for them as fellow ministers 'with whom again we would desire to have communion in ordinances'. The separation had been forced upon the Society People by the tyranny and temper of the times, but it did not affect their position as being in the succession of the historic Kirk of Scotland. The document aimed to clear away the hostility and misunderstanding about them that had grown up in Scotland and Holland." (Cameron, editor, Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, p. 429)
    "In proof of the catholic, unsectarian, Christian spirit of Renwick and his followers, the clear statements of the INFORMATORY VINDICATION, the work which most fully and clearly defines their position, may be referred to . . . In these noble utterances, we have strikingly exemplified the true spirit of Christian brotherhood . . . This is the genuine import of the vow of the Solemn League and Covenant, which binds Covenanters to regard whatever is done to the least of them, as done to all and to every one in particular. While firmly holding fast all Scriptural attainments, and contending earnestly for the faith once delivered to the saints, we should cordially rejoice in the evidences of grace in Christ's servants wherever we find them. We should love them as brethren, fulfil the law of Christ by bearing their burdens, wish them God speed in all that they are doing for the advancement of His glory, and fervently labour and pray for the coming of the happy period when divisions and animosities shall cease, and when there shall be one King, and His name one in all the earth. The testimony of Renwick and his associates is of permanent value and of special importance in our day, as it was directed against systems of error and idolatry, which serve to corrupt the Church and enslave the State. Against Popery in every form Renwick was a heroic and uncompromising witness. At the peril of life, he publicly testified against the usurpation of the papist James, and rejected him as having no claim to be regarded as a constitutional sovereign, and as utterly disqualified to reign in a Protestant reformed land. This was the main ground of his objection against James' toleration, for which the Indulged ministers tendered obsequious thanks to the usurper. Yet this edict of toleration was issued for the purpose of opening the way for the practice of Rome's abominations, and for the advancement of papists to places of power and trust in the nation. None of the Cameronians would, for any earthly consideration, even to save their lives, for a moment admit that a papist had any right to exercise political power in a reformed land. Our martyred forefathers we regard as worthy of high respect and imitation, for their deeply cherished dread of the growing influence of Popery, and for their determined resistance to its exclusive and extravagant claims. The system of Popery is the abnegation of all precious gospel truth; and is a complete politico-religious confederacy against the best interests of a Protestant nation. The boast of its abettors is that it is semper eadem, ever the same. Rome cannot reform herself from within, and she is incapable of reformation from external influences and agencies. The Bible never speaks of Antichrist as to be reformed, but as waxing worse and worse till the time when he shall be completely subverted and irrecoverably destroyed. Whatever changes may be going on in some Popish countries, whereby the power of the Papacy is weakened, it is evident that the principles and spirit of the Romish priesthood, and of those who are under their influence, remain unchanged. The errors of the anti-Christian system, instead of being diminished, have of late years increased. Creature worship has become more marked and general. The Immaculate Conception has been proclaimed by Papal authority as the creed of Romanism. In these countries, and some other Protestant lands, the influence of Popery in government and education, and so on the whole social system, has been greatly on the increase. Among those who have most deeply studied inspired prophecy, there is a general expectation that the period of Babylon's downfall is hastening on, and is not far distant. There is a general presentiment too, that the Man of Sin, prior to his downfall, will make some dire and violent attempt through his infatuated followers against the truth, and against such as faithfully maintain it. The 'Slaying of the Witnesses,' which we are disposed to regard as yet future may take place, not so much by the actual shedding of blood, though it is plain that Jesuit policy and violence will not hesitate to re-enact former persecution and massacre, to accomplish a desired purpose. It may mainly be effected, as Scott, the expositor, suggests, by silencing the voice of a public testimony in behalf of fundamental truths throughout Christendom; and of this there are at present unmistakable signs not a few, throughout the churches in various countries. The Protestant church in all its sections should be thoroughly awake to its danger from the destructive errors, idolatry and power of its ancient irreconcilable enemy; and should, by all legitimate means, labour to counteract and nullify its political influence. The ministry and the rising youth of the church should study carefully the Popish controversy, and should be intimately acquainted with the history of the rise and progress of the Papacy its assumed blasphemous power its accumulated errors and delusions, and its plots, varied persecutions and cruel butcheries of Christ's faithful witnesses. Above all, they should set themselves earnestly, prayerfully and perseveringly to diffuse the Bible and Gospel light in the dark parts of their native country, and among Romanists in other lands. By embracing fully and holding fast, in their practical application, the principles of the British Covenants, and by imbibing the spirit of covenanted martyrs men like Renwick and the Cameronians, we will be prepared for the last conflict with Antichrist. The firm and faithful maintenance of a martyr-testimony will be a principle instrument of the victory of truth over the error and idolatry of Rome. They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death. (Rev. 12:11 [Revelation 12:11]). Finally, the testimony of Renwick is valuable, as throwing light on great evils connected with systems of civil government, and with Protestant churches, and as pointing out clearly the duty of faithful witnesses in relation to them. Two great principles, the one doctrinal, and the other practical, were essential to it, or rather constituted its whole specialty. These were, first, that, according to the national vows, and the reformation attainments, the whole civil polity of the nation should be conformed to the Scriptures, and secondly, the positive duty of distinct separation from whatever systems in the state and church that are opposed to entire allegiance to Messiah the Prince." (Houston, The Life of James Renwick, pp. 52-55)
    "Some of them, particularly in Scotland, loved not their lives unto death for the word of God, and for the testimony which they held. Rev. vi. 9 [Revelation 6:9]. These refused to have communion in public ordinances not only with prelatical ministers, but even with the acceptors of indulgences or licenses from the civil power, to exercise their ministry under certain limitations. The INFORMATORY VINDICATION, which certainly contains the genuine principles of church communion, held by the sufferers for the cause of Christ in that period, declares, that they could by no means own or countenance the administrations of the indulged ministers; because they considered the indulgence, in any of the forms in which it was granted by the civil power, as derived from the supremacy claimed by that power in ecclesiastical matters; as laying the office of the ministry under unwarrantable restriction; and as tending, in a great measure, to suppress and bury the covenanted reformation, cf. INFORMATORY VINDICATION, Head iv." (Anderson, Alexander and Rufus; or a Series of Dialogues on Church Communion [1862], p. 294)
    "To the friends of evangelical truth, and the faithful witnesses for the redeemer's royal prerogatives, the services of Renwick, at the crisis in which he exercised his public ministry, were invaluable. He was eminently the man for the time. Through the influence of the unhappy Indulgence, the strict Covenanters were reduced to what they style themselves in the Informatory Vindication, a 'wasted, suffering, anti-popish, anti-prelatic, anti-erastian, anti-sectarian remnant.' By the death of Cargill and Cameron, they were left as 'sheep without a shepherd,' broken and scattered. Through the fierceness of persecution, and the machinations of enemies, they were in danger of falling into confusion, and of being entirely wasted and destroyed. We admire the gracious providence of God in preparing, at this particular crisis, an instrument of such rare and suitable endowments for feeding 'the flock in the wilderness,' and for unfurling and upholding so nobly the 'Banner of Truth' amidst hosts of infuriated enemies. James Renwick, though a very youth when he entered on his arduous work, and trained under great outward disadvantages, had a powerful and well-cultivated mind. He was endowed with singular administrative talent, and had great tact and skill in managing men. He was an acute and logical thinker, an eloquent and attractive public speaker, and was distinguished by fertility and force as a writer. The INFORMATORY VINDICATION his testimony against King James' 'toleration, with his 'Letters,' and 'Sermons and Lectures,' bear ample evidence of his sound judgment, comprehensive mind, and ability as an author. His prudence, meekness and loving disposition, combined with his sanctified zeal, and heroic courage, deservedly gave him great influence among those to whom he ministered. He was eminently fitted to be 'a first man among men.' The Lord held him in the hollow of his hand, and made him a 'polished shaft in his quiver.' The services which Renwick rendered to the Protestant cause were invaluable. He organized the scattered remnant, and imparted new life and ardour to their proceedings. He set forth clearly the principles of the 'Society people;' and in a number of able and logical papers, clearly defined their plans of action. He rendered it, in a great measure, impossible for enemies to misrepresent and accuse them falsely to the Government. He was their Secretary in their correspondence with foreign churches; and he did much to evoke the prayerful sympathy of Protestants in other lands in behalf of the victims of persecution in Scotland. The presence and influence of Renwick among the suffering Presbyterians were of the highest importance in his own day; and not to them alone, but also to the whole church of Christ in these lands, and to the constitutional liberties of the nation. So far as we can see, but for the singular power and devoted spirit of Renwick, and the firm and unyielding position which the Cameronians through him were led to assume, the cause of truth would have been completely borne down, and Erastianism, and Popery, and Despotism had triumphed. Renwick and his followers were the vanguard 'in the struggle for Britain's liberties, and for the Church's spiritual independence.' Though, like other patriots born before their time, they were doomed to fall, yet posterity owes to them a large part of the goodly heritage which they enjoy. (Houston, The Life of James Renwick [1865], pp. 36-37). Emphases added throughout the preceding quotations. This is a very rare and valuable specimen of Paleopresbyterian (Covenanter) thought don't miss it! 142 pages, plus new material added by the present publisher." -- Publisher
    An Informatory Vindication, 1687, James, Renwick, Alexander Shields and Other "Society People"
    http://www.truecovenanter.com/societies/informatory_vindication.html

    Richman, Sheldon, Separating School and State: How to Liberate America's Families, ISBN: 0964044714.
    "Sheldon Richman presents us with a fascinating story here. Why were public schools first founded? Because people were illiterate? No. Records from colonial times show that literacy rates were higher than they are now in some places. There were all kinds of instructors, schools, schoolmasters, tutors, and self-taught leaders like Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton, at the time of the American Revolution. There was tremendous resistance, well into the 20th century against government-owned, operated, and controlled "free schools." And no wonder. We now have an established school system that manifests all the problems the Founders saw inherent in an established church. The arguments the promoters gave are presented here, and some of then are pretty scary. The goals of the public school founders had more to do with the state's interests, than children's or family's interests. The idea was to indoctrinate children with the morality preferred by "politically correct" officials of the time. Compulsory laws came in when labor unions wanted to keep kids from competing for jobs. The opponents give their side here, too. Like a lot of people, I did not know much about the history of public schools before I started reading books like this one. I have come to agree with this author. This is an excellent argument for freedom of education, and giving control back to families and parents." -- Reader's Comment

    Richman, Sheldon, Richard M. Ebeling (introduction), and Walter E. Williams, Your Money or Your Life: Why we Must Abolish the Income Tax, ISBN: 0964044781 9780964044784.
    "Sheldon Richman's concise and informative book, YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE, explains how the income tax is one of the greatest threats to the liberty of the American people ever devised. By making our employers surrogate federal tax collectors, most Americans don't feel the pain because they really don't know what they're losing. But even worse, as Richman points out, by having access to our paychecks, the government can tap into an almost limitless pool of money to expand its size and scope. We need to scrap the income tax and replace it with a tax on consumption." -- Reader's Comment

    *Robbins, John W. (1949-2008), Ecclesiastical Megalomania: The Economic and Political Thought of the Roman Catholic Church, ISBN: 0940931753 9780940931756.
    "This book is a detailed examination of the official statements of the Vatican on economic and political matters. It demonstrates the collectivism and totalitarianism of the Roman Catholic Church-State. It is the only such book written by a Christian in the twentieth century.
    "This book explores the conflict between Roman Catholic social thought and human freedom, relying on official pronouncements from the Vatican to show that the political and economic theory of the Roman Church-State justifies feudalism, corporativism [corporatism -- compiler], liberation theology, the welfare state, and fascism.
    "Dr. John W. Robbins attended Grove City College (A.B. 1969), and The Johns Hopkins University (M.A. 1970, Ph.D. 1973). He has served as chief of staff for a Member of Congress [Ron Paul of Texas], editor of The Freeman magazine, Economist for The Heritage Foundation, and Professor of Political Philosophy in The Freedom School." -- Publisher

    Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority: still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority. -- John Emerich Edward Dalberg, Lord Acton (1834-1902), in a letter to Mandell Creighton, April 5, 1887, quoted by Gertrude Himmelfarb in Acton, Essays ons Freedom and Power, pp. 335-36 (1972)
    "As the world focuses it attention on the papacy, we ought to recall Lord Acton, the great Roman Catholic historian of the 19th century. Many have heard the aphorism, 'Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely,' though it is usually misquoted as 'Power corrupts.' Few who have heard it, however, know who its author was: John Emerich Edward Dalberg, better known as Lord Acton. Fewer still realize that Acton used the aphorism in opposing the papacy, the absolute monarchy of the Roman Catholic Church.
    "Acton's criticisms of the papacy and the Roman Church are some of most damning ever leveled against those institutions, and they are virtually unknown today. Yet to anyone seriously concerned about religious and political freedom, Acton's views on the Roman Church, his own church, in particular his condemnation of the papacy, ought to be of great interest. Unfortunately, contemporary theological correctness has a taboo against criticism of Catholicism.
    "Acton kept a notebook on the Inquisition in which he wrote:
    [The] object of the Inquisition [was] not to combat sin -- for the sin was not judged by it unless accompanied by [theological] error. Nor even to put down error. For it punished untimely and unseemly remarks the same as blasphemy. Only unity. This became an outward, fictitious, hypocritical unity. The gravest sin was pardoned, but it was death to deny the donation of Constantine. [The Donation of Constantine was a document forged in the eighth century in which the Roman Emperor Constantine willed the Western Roman Empire to the Pope. The Roman Church taught that the Donation was genuine, and the legal basis for the pope's civil authority, for centuries. -- JR]. So men learnt that outward submission must be given. All this [was] to promote authority more than faith. When ideas were punished more severely than actions -- for all this time the Church was softening the criminal law, and saving men from the consequences of crime: -- and the Donation was put on a level with God's own law -- men understood that authority went before sincerity.
    "Acton believed that the Inquisition was the institution by which the medieval papacy had to be condemned or acquitted. Just as a man charged with murder is judged for a single act, though be may be kind to his mother and a great philanthropist, so the papacy must be judged for the Inquisition. To Mandell Creighton, an Anglican priest, Acton wrote:
    I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favourable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way, against holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority: still more when you superadd the tendency or the certainty of corruption by authority. There is no worse heresy than that the office sanctifies the holder of it. . . . For many years my view of Catholic controversy has been governed by the following chain of reasoning: 1. A crime does not become a good deed by being committed for the good of a church. 2. The theorist who approves the act is no better than the culprit who commits it. 3. The divine or historian who defends the theorist incurs the same blame. . . . To commit murder is the mark of a moment, exceptional. To defend it is constant, and shows a more perverted conscience.
    "Acton turned his attention to other crimes of the Roman Church as well. Beginning on Sunday, August 24, 1572, tens of thousands of French Huguenots were massacred by the Catholics. Overnight, thousands were murdered, and the murders continued for several months. The massacre began in Paris. The sign of the cross was everywhere, and the murders took on the air of a crusade, a holy war against the infidels. The banks of the Seine became a slaughterhouse. Men, women, children, and infants were stabbed or dragged by a rope around the neck to be thrown into the river. The murder, looting, and rape went on for days in Paris.
    "The Pope, Gregory XIII, reacted immediately to this Catholic Holocaust: He delivered a complimentary speech, and commended the King of France, Charles IX, who 'has also displayed before our Most Holy Master and this entire assembly the most splendid virtues which can shine in the exercise of power.' The Pope commissioned a mural in honor of the great occasion; he ordered salutes fired for Charles; he had a commemorative seal struck; and in a horrible blasphemy he ordered a special Te Deum sung. Less than two years later, at the age of 24, King Charles died in extreme pain with blood oozing from his pores. His last words were pleas to God for pardon for the murders.
    "The massacre was a matter of controversy in 1868 when Acton wrote an essay in the North British Review. He concluded his long essay by saying that there was no evidence to absolve the Roman Church of premeditated murder. Acton argued that it was not only facts that condemned the papacy for this heinous crime, but the whole body of casuistry developed by the church that made it an act of Christian duty and mercy to kill a heretic so that he might be removed from sin. Acton pointed out that only when the Roman Church could no longer rely on force but had to make its case before public opinion did it seek to explain away its murders. 'The same motive which had justified the murder now promoted the lie,' he wrote. A bodyguard of lies was fabricated to protect the papacy from guilt for this monstrous sin. Acton wrote:
    The story is much more abominable than we all believed. . . . S.B. [St. Bartholomew's], is the greatest crime of modern times. It was committed on principles professed by Rome. It was approved, sanctioned, and praised by the papacy. The Holy See went out of its way to signify to the world, by permanent and solemn acts, how entirely it admired a king who slaughtered his subjects treacherously, because they were Protestants. To proclaim forever that because a man is a Protestant it is a pious deed to cut his throat in the night. . . .
    "For three centuries the Roman church's canon law had affirmed that the killing of an excommunicated person was not murder, and that allegiance need not be kept with heretical rulers. Murder and treason were part of the Roman church's official teachings. Charles IX was acting as a good Catholic, and he was highly praised by the pope for his murders.
    "In 1867 Pope Pius IX summoned a general council of the Roman Church to be held in Rome in 1870. It was the first general council of the Roman Church since the sixteenth century Council of Trent, at which the schismatic Roman Church had condemned all the truths of the Reformation. This time the Pope was determined to establish himself as the infallible sovereign of the Roman Church.
    "Acton thought that the time of the council would be better spent abolishing many of the 'reforms' made by the Council of Trent, reforms which had perpetuated in the Roman Church a spirit of intolerant absolutism and 'austere immorality.' He opposed the doctrine of papal infallibility, because, as an historian, he knew the popes were not infallible. Acton wrote:
    A man is not honest who accepts all the Papal decisions in questions of morality, for they have often been distinctly immoral; or who approves the conduct of the Popes in engrossing power, for it was stained with perfidy and falsehood; or who is ready to alter his convictions at their command, for his conscience is guided by no principle.
    "After studying the history of the popes, Acton wrote:
    The papacy contrived murder and massacre on the largest and also on the most cruel and inhuman scale. They were not only wholesale assassins but they made the principle of assassination a law of the Christian Church and a condition of salvation. . . . [The Papacy], is the fiend skulking behind the Crucifix.
    Massachusetts Attorney General, The Sexual Abuse of Children in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston, Thomas F. Reilly, Massachusetts Attorney General.
    "The mistreatment of children was so massive and so prolonged that it borders on the unbelievable," says the July 23 [2003] report of Massachusetts Attorney General Thomas F. Reilly. More than 1,000 minors were likely abused by priests over the past six decades."
    This is the 79-page report in its entirety.
    h